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1.
基施有机肥对马铃薯原原种生产及二次结薯的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以早熟马铃薯‘早大白’为供试品种,在防虫温室内进行了有机肥对脱毒马铃薯试管苗生长及二次结薯影响的试验,旨在探索提高微型薯产量及试管苗利用率的途径。试管苗移栽70 d后收获微型薯并尽量保护好根系,继续使其结薯,进行多次收获。结果表明:多次收获微型薯的产量远高于一次性收获的微型薯产量,因此二次结薯可大大提高试管苗的生产效率。全部追施处理二次结薯单株结薯2.3粒,而基施有机肥33 kg/667 m2条件下单株结薯3.8粒,因此基施有机肥有利于试管苗的生长。 相似文献
2.
Summary A greenhouse minituber production system involving low inputs of in vitro potato plantlets and propagation media is described,
in vitro plantlets of six potato cultivars were sectioned into nodal cuttings and separately planted into moist peat based
growing medium in shallow plastic trays. Cultivar differences were evident with respect to node viability, shoot regrowth
and minituber yields. Nodal viability for shoot regrowth varied between 80–100%. Maximum shoot heights were recorded with
whole in vitro plantlets (WIP) and the terminal Node-5 cluster. All cuttings produced minitubers. The terminal Node-5 cutting
and WIP produced significantly larger minitubers >3.0 g as compared to single node cuttings. Greater numbers of minitubers
were produced by the cvs Norchip, Red Pontiac and Conestoga as compared to cvs Eramosa. G8610-4PY and Shepody. Total numbers
of minitubers were 3 to 5 times higher from each in vitro plantlet that was sectioned into nodal cuttings as compared with
intact WIP: the yield ratios depended on cultivar. 相似文献
3.
Summary Performance of 20 potato genotypes was studied for seven agronomic characters in crops raised from minitubers and normal seed
tubers. Correlation coefficients were computed between minituber crop and normal seed crop in order to study the selection
efficiency at minituber crop level. The performance of normal seed crop was significantly better than the minituber crop for
various characters including tuber yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between minituber and normal seed crop
were significant for various characters except number of stems and number of tubers. Highest correlation coefficient (r=0.86)
was for tuber yield followed by average tuber weight (r=0.67) and number of nodes (r=0.63). The results suggest that selection
for tuber yield can be practised at the minituber crop level in potato breeding programmes 相似文献
4.
Paolo Ranalli 《Potato Research》1997,40(4):439-453
Summary The production of large volumes of vitroplantlets and greenhouse tubers for increasing the rate of multiplication at the start
of seed programmes provides the opportunity of reducing the total number of field generations grown before the seed moves
into commerce. This implementation is especially useful for countries where high quality potato seed tubers cannot be produced
because there are no vector-free production areas.
This review covers the following steps: a) laboratory production of microplantlets and microtubers; b) minituber production
in the glasshouse; c) storage and dormancy of micro- and minitubers; d) field performance of micro- and minitubers compared
with conventional seed tubers; e) incorporation of the mentioned propagules in seed production systems.
Many optimized protocols are already available for propagating plantlets, inducing microtubers and obtaining minitubers in
the glasshouse at all periods of the year. Advanced molecular approaches techniques (RFLP and RAPD) to detect genetic variation
in the progeny of these propagules have been described. Investigations carried out in this field have shown genetic stability,
with the propagules usually reproducing plants true-to-type and tubers without deviants. By contrast, variations were demonstrated
in DNA extracted from old suspension cell culture. Field trials assessed a lower yield potential crops from in vitro propagules
compared with conventional seed tubers., mainly due to slow early crop development and the failure of plants caused by early
stress after emergence. This may cause problems when the growing season is short because of the necessity for planting late
to avoid night frosts and the mandatory haulm killing dates, common in many seed producing areas. Strategies for improving
the field performance of micro- and minitubers are discussed. The most promising crop husbandry techniques appear to be: a)
using tubers of a suitable physiological age, properly presprouted and encapsulated; b) optimizing the time application of
fertilizer and irrigation, and c) using floating films.
Outside the classical seed tuber areas of Northern Europe where the length of the growing period for pre-basic seed is usually
not more than 80 days, the growing season is long enough to obtain reasonable yields even from micro- and minitubers. 相似文献
5.
Summary Minitubers can be produced in large quantities by repeated harvesting of tubers from in vitro propagated plantlets at 4, 7
and 10 weeks after transplanting to the glasshouse at high plant densities. Yield parameters of minitubers can be manipulated
by crop husbandry.
By supplying nutrients or using a square plant arrangement, minituber yield increased. Effects on numbers of tubers were cultivar-dependent.
Changing plant density from 50 to 800 plants per m2 or the minimal diameter of harvested tubers from 5 to 12 mm did not significantly affect tuber yield per m2. Higher plant densities resulted in more tubers per m2 but fewer tubers per plant. Removing smaller tubers greatly increased the number of small tubers, but did not affect yield
and number of tubers in larger grades.
Crop husbandry techniques affected minituber yield mainly through their effects on leaf area duration, and the number of minitubers
through their effects on growth of tubers to a harvestable size. 相似文献
6.
7.
Small minitubers (1.3 to 1.9 cm diameter), produced in the greenhouse from tissue culture plantlets are usually discarded because they are undersized for field planting. They have potential as a means of expanding the production of basic nuclear potato seedstocks. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of greenhouse-produced minitubers at 15 and 30 cm spacings, with one or two minitubers/hill, and with or without encapsulation in a moist ball of artificial greenhouse peat-lite mix. All minitubers were green-sprouted for about two weeks under 16 hr/day fluorescent lighting before planting. Encapsulation in moist peat-lite mix significantly increased total yield by an average of 44% over minitubers without the soil mix. Independent of encapsulation, closer seed spacing and two minitubers/hill increased yields by an average of 35% and 20%, respectively, compared to wider spacing and one minituber/hill. Yields of encapsulated minitubers compared favorably with cut (50 gm) and whole (80 gm) seed, averaging 103% of the cut and 87% of the whole seed yields, respectively. These results indicate that small minitubers can be used effectively to expand production of basic nuclear seedstocks. 相似文献
8.
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10.
Summary Multiplication factors and progeny yield variation in crops from minitubers of five weight classes (ranging from 0.13–0.25
g to 2.00–3.99 g) and conventional seed tubers were studied in field experiments in three years. Multiplication factors were
calculated as the number and weight of progeny tubers produced per planted tuber or per unit planted tuber weight. They were
lower for the lighter minitubers when calculated per tuber and higher when calculated per weight. Yield variation was described
by coefficients of variation for the number and weight of progeny tubers produced. Variation over individual plants of a crop
was higher in stands from the lighter minitubers. Variation over plots within a field was sometimes higher for the lighter
minitubers, but variation over years was similar for all minituber classes. Variation over plots in progeny tuber weight was
higher for minitubers than for conventional tubers. 相似文献
11.
Phytoplasmal infections cause loss in yield, quality and germination of tubers. Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbate are implicated in signaling against stress. The effects of these chemicals on minituber yield, sprouting and starch content were evaluated in plants testing positive for phytoplasma. Without chemical treatment, positive plants showed significant reductions in leaf pigments, tuber weights and starch contents, compared to uninfected controls, and had more minitubers though fewer sprouted. Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant treatments of positive plants significantly reduced the number of minitubers, while enhancing their weights and starch contents, and increased the percentage of sprouting minitubers, while leaf pigment content also increased. This research demonstrates potential benefits of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants in enhancing the yield and quality of tubers not destined for seed in phytoplasma positive plants. 相似文献
12.
Comparison of hydroponic and aeroponic cultivation systems for the production of potato minitubers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Two different cultivation systems, aeroponics and hydroponics in greenhouse beds, were compared for the production of potato
minitubers. Plants in the aeroponic system showed increased vegetative growth, delayed tuber formation and an extended vegetative
cycle of about seven months after transplanting. Therefore in 1999, two production cycles were obtained with the hydroponic
system, but only one with the aeroponic system. However, compared with total production in hydroponics, the tuber yield per
plant in the aeroponic system was almost 70% higher and tuber number more than 2.5 fold higher. Average tuber weight was reduced
by 33% in the aeroponic system. Advantages and possible problems with the aeroponic system for minituber production are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Janet E. A. Seabrook Jane E. Percy L. Katheryn Douglass George C. C. Tai 《American Journal of Potato Research》1995,72(6):365-373
In vitro potato plantlets of cultivar (cv.) Shepody (Solatium tuberosum L.) were exposed to 12-or 16-hr photoperiods for 8 weeks. Plantlets were acclimatized to the greenhouse and grown under 14-hr photoperiods until they senesced, and minitubers were harvested. Greenhouse-grown potato plants developed from tissue-culture plantlets exposed to a 16-hr photoperiod were taller and had more nodes than plants developed from plantlets exposed to 12-hr photoperiods. However, yield data of minitubers from greenhousegrown plants indicated that the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment increased the numbers, dry weight and specific gravity of minitubers. A further advantage of the 12-hr photoperiodic treatment was the greater numbers of minitubers in the 15–40 g size class compared with tubers in the <15 g and >40 g size classes. Thus, for the cv. Shepody, plant height and node number of greenhouse-grown plants were not good indicators of minituber yield from that crop. Seed potato nuclear stock facilities producing minitubers should investigate the possibility of optimizing minituber production by exposing multiplication cultures to shorter daylengths. 相似文献
14.
Summary Potato leaf morphology changes during plant development with the phase shift from vegetative growth to flowering. Image analysis
can detect differences in leaf morphology and has been used here to distinguish differences in leaf morphology between potato
crops derived from seed tubers and minitubers and between crops derived from different micropropagation protocols. Further,
leaf shape parameters can be used to determine the relative maturity of crops. This finding is of economic importance since
differences in plant development, for example delayed flowering, are associated with yield parameters. It is hypothesised
that image analysis of established microplants can be used as an early evaluation of micropropagation protocols for potato. 相似文献
15.
Jaime Barros da Silva Filho Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes Paulo Roberto Cecon Milton E. McGiffenJr 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(5):443-450
We evaluated misting nozzle types and the coating on the bucket’s inner wall on the yield of basic potato seed minitubers. Tubers of potato cv. Agata were sprouted in a non-acclimatized greenhouse from June to September 2013. Six treatments were evaluated, three types of misting nozzle (32 L/h with anti-drip, 32 L/h without anti-drip, and 9 L/h without anti-drip) and two types of bucket inner lining, with and without polyurethane, with four replications. Dry weight of roots, stems and leaves besides minituber number and tuber fresh weight were evaluated. The “UFV Aeroponic System” effectively produces minitubers and should be equipped with a fogger with an outflow of 32 L/h without anti-drip and no inner lining of the bucket for optimal yield. 相似文献
16.
Jaime Barros da Silva Filho Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez Jose Soares de Lacerda Paulo Roberto Cecon Milton E. McGiffenJr 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(6):687-695
In hydroponics, nutrient management is the limiting factor to obtaining optimal production, and nitrogen (N) is the key component to consider when optimizing nutrient management in these types of systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate different combinations of N fertilizer concentrations in order to optimize the yield of basic seed potato minitubers in a three-phase hydroponic system. Treatments consisted of five combinations of N concentrations, applied before and after 21 days after plant transplant as follows, respectively: 1) 13 and 13, 2) 13 and 0, 3) 13 and 7.8, 4) 13 and 16, and 5) 13 and 26 mmol L?1. Propagation was performed by transplanting 3–4 cm potato plantlets cv. Agata from sprouts. There were significant effects of N treatments on all measured variables (root, leaf, stem, and plant dry weight and minituber number and weight). To obtain the maximum minituber number yield, 9.51 minitubers/plant, corresponding to 67 minitubers/m2, post 21-day adjusted N concentration was 18.4 mmol/L. Treatment 4 promoted higher basic seed potato minituber yield in a three-phase hydroponic system. 相似文献
17.
Effects of Age and Pretreatment of Tissue-Cultured Potato Plants on Subsequent Minituber Production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mirko Milinkovic Corina B. Horstra Brendan C. Rodoni Marc E. Nicolas 《Potato Research》2012,55(1):15-25
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets were conditioned in tissue culture to produce more minitubers when planted in a greenhouse. Tissue-cultured
potato plantlets, varieties Coliban and Russet Burbank, were grown for 4, 10, or 12 weeks under three temperature regimes
(22/18 °C, 16/10 °C, and 10/2 °C day/night) and a photoperiod of 16, 12, or 8 h in different stages of growth. Duration, temperature,
and photoperiod of the in vitro period affected plantlet morphology and the total number of minitubers produced per plant
in a greenhouse. Extending the growing period and introducing a hardening period with low temperatures (16/10 °C) during the
in vitro production stage resulted in 97% more minitubers (4.94 vs 2.50 minitubers per plant for the control) in variety Coliban
and up to 71% (6.50 vs 3.80 minitubers per plant for the control) in variety Russet Burbank. The total number of minitubers
produced per plant did not change significantly for both varieties when a shorter photoperiod was used instead of the standard
16-h day during the growing period in vitro. Results presented in this experiment demonstrate that the number of minitubers
can be substantially increased through the introduction of an induction period as an interstage between the in vitro stages
of potato plantlet production and minituber production. 相似文献
18.
为探明锌肥施用方式对制种玉米生长、产量及子粒含锌量的影响，以制种玉米NC242为供试材料，2019-2020年在河西绿洲灌区张掖市甘州区党寨镇开展试验。设置叶面喷施锌肥(DF)、滴灌冲施锌肥(DS)、底施锌肥(AF)、滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥(SF)和不施锌肥(CK)5个处理，分析制种玉米全生育期内叶面积指数与地上部干物质积累量和产量及子粒含锌量变化。结果表明，锌肥不同施用方式能有效提高叶面积指数与地上部干物质积累量，其中滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥效果最佳；滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥产量最高(8 507.38 kg/hm2)，其次为叶面喷施锌肥(8 200.64 kg/hm2)，分别较CK显著增产16.38%和12.18%；不同锌肥施用方式下SF处理子粒锌含量最高，较CK提高25.56%。因此，滴灌冲施锌肥+叶面喷施锌肥方式是本试验锌肥最佳施用方式。 相似文献
19.
试验测定了不同生理年龄微型薯的干物质含量、含糖量、淀粉含量及其发芽势,研究了微型薯生理年龄对植株生物量、商品产量及总产量的影响。结果表明,微型薯经过贮藏,含水量逐渐下降,干物质含量上升,淀粉所占比重也有所提高,而含糖量在冷藏条件下上升,在常温条件下贮藏下降。在一定贮藏阶段内,随着时间的延长,微型薯的发芽势逐渐增强,达到一定时间后,发芽势又逐渐下降。生理年龄较老的微型薯播种后出苗快,植株分枝较多,易衰老;生理年龄较短的微型薯播种后出苗晚,主茎少,生长期长。在中原二季作地区由于适于马铃薯生长的气候条件较短,以生理年龄壮龄或较老的微型薯作为种子,结薯个数较多,薯重较大,产量高;而生理年龄较短的微型薯所结薯块个数少,重量较轻,产量低。 相似文献
20.
在内蒙古乌兰察布盟后山地区武川原种基地，对各级种薯生产技术及其良繁体系进行了系统的研究。现已明确：在开放条件下生产脱毒小薯（原原种），产量可达８０７３～９４６５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，种薯产量和质量不低于温、网室生产的脱毒小薯；不同薯重的脱毒小薯旱坡地直播效果，以１０ｇ和８～１０ｇ薯重的效果好，产量和商品率均高；１级种薯在不同旱地类型种植的增产效果，以旱滩地的产量最高，其次为旱坡地，分别比对照（未脱毒）增产７１．２８％、１７１．２８％；８月上旬为有翅桃蚜迁飞盛期，从７月上旬迁飞初期开始喷药防蚜，防治效果显著；在乌盟后山半农半牧地区以原原种、原种、１、２级种薯建立的３级脱毒良种繁育体系符合该地区的生产实际，能达到留种和保种的快速、优质、高产、低成本的效果。经过６年示范推广，现已在武川等３个旗县普及，累计各级种薯种植面积达到２．３２万ｈｍ２，平均单产３万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２左右，生产出各级种薯及商品薯６９８５万ｋｇ，累计创造社会财富７１５０万元。 相似文献