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益生素在畜牧业中的应用及发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生素是一类活微生物制剂,它作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有无毒、无副作用,促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、增强动物机体免疫功能等特点,目前已被广泛用于畜禽养殖业中。本文综述了近几年来益生素在畜牧业中应用的研究成果,展望益生素的应用前景。 相似文献
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益生素的应用研究与发展趋势 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
益生素是一类活微生物制剂 ,它作为一种新型饲料添加剂 ,具有无毒、无副作用、促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、增强动物机体免疫功能等特点 ,目前已被广泛用于畜禽养殖业中。本文主要综述益生素的作用机理和应用概况 ,展望益生素的应用前景。1 益生素概念的发展益生素首先被Lilley和Stillwell( 1 965 )使用 ,定义为“由一种微生物分泌 ,刺激另一种微生物生长的物质”。 1 974年美国学者R .E .Parker认为“益生素是维持肠道内微生物平衡的微生物或物质”。后来美国食品与药品管理局 (FDA)把这类产品定义为“可以直接饲喂的微生物制剂品… 相似文献
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抗生素作为饲料添加剂在饲料工业中被广泛应用,对预防动物疾病、促进动物生长和提高养殖业产量起到了积极的作用。但长期使用抗生素类饲料添加剂会使细菌产生耐药性和造成畜产品中抗菌药物残留等负面效应,因此绿色饲料添加剂的研究已成为世界性命题。目前绿色饲料添加剂包括益生素、酶制剂、酸制剂、寡聚糖、中草药等。下面就国内外对益生素的作用机理及应用研究情况作一论述。1益生素的基本概念及种类益生素(Probiotics)是一种活的微生物饲料添加剂,是根据微生态理论研制的含有益微生物及其代谢产物的活菌制剂,通过维持肠道内微生态平衡而… 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌对现代畜牧业的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生素又称活菌制剂,其定义为通过改善肠道微生物平衡而产生有益于宿主活的微生物饲料添加剂。枯草芽孢杆菌制剂作为一种主要的益生素,是目前饲料添加剂中最富有活力的产品。它有改善动物胃肠道的微生态平衡、促进动物生长、提高饲料 相似文献
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益生素的研究进展及其在养猪生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生素是一类微生物制剂,它作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有无毒、无副作用,以及促进动物生长、提高饲料转化率、增强动物机体的免疫功能等特点,目前已被广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。本文综述了益生素的研究进展、作用机理及益生素在养猪生产中的应用现状,为研究及生产提供参考。 相似文献
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益生素在养鸡业中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
吴春香 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2004,9(4):20-22
益生素是一种活微生物制剂，它作为一种新型饲料添加剂，具有无毒、无副作用，以及促进动物生长，提高饲料转化率，增强动物机体的免疫功能等特点，目前已广泛应用于畜禽养殖业中。主要综述了益生素的作用机理和在养鸡业中的实际应用概况，并指出了益生素在使用中应注意的问题。 相似文献
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正近年来益生素(菌)作为抗生素的替代品,已在生产中得到很好的应用。为畜禽生产提供了一种新的饲料添加剂。然而益生素(菌)的定义一直有争议。饲料行业一般使用的是Fuller(1989)的定义即:"一种活的微生物饲料添加剂,通过改善肠道内微生物的平衡而发挥作用"。后来我国微生态专家陈清明将益生素(菌)定义为:"在微生态理论指导下,采用有益的微生物,经培养、发酵和干燥等 相似文献
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益生素在养猪生产中应用的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
益生素是一类活微生物制剂,它作为一种新型饲料添加剂,具有无毒、无副作用,以及促进动物生长,提高饲料转化率,增强动物机体的免疫功能等特点,目前已被广泛用于畜禽养殖业.本文综述益生素的作用机理及在养猪生产中的应用概况,为研究及生产提供参考. 相似文献
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本试验通过降低生长育肥猪饲粮蛋白质水平2个百分点,其它营养水平不变,并在低蛋白饲粮中添加赖氨酸及复合促生长剂1号,共5周的饲养进行对比试验。结果表明：在低蛋白饲粮中添加复合促生长剂1号,能够显著提高生长育肥猪的日增重、饲料转化率及经济效益,并能超过高蛋白饲粮组;在低蛋白粮中添加赖氨酸,可提高生长育肥猪的日增重、饲料利用率及经济效益,但达不到高蛋白饲粮饲喂水平。 相似文献
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Genetic and phenotypic variance and covariance components for feed intake, feed efficiency, and other postweaning traits in Angus cattle. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P F Arthur J A Archer D J Johnston R M Herd E C Richardson P F Parnell 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(11):2805-2811
Records on 1,180 young Angus bulls and heifers involved in performance tests were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for feed intake, feed efficiency, and other postweaning traits. The mean age was 268 d at the start of the performance test, which comprised 21-d adjustment and 70-d test periods. Traits studied included 200-d weight, 400-d weight, scrotal circumference, ultrasonic measurements of rib and rump fat depths and longissimus muscle area, ADG, metabolic weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and residual feed intake. For all traits except the last five, additional data from the Angus Society ofAustralia pedigree and performance database were included, which increased the number of animals to 27,229. Genetic (co)variances were estimated by REML using animal models. Direct heritability estimates for 200-d weight, 400-d weight, rib fat depth, ADG, feed conversion,and residual feed intake were 0.17 +/- 0.03, 0.27 +/- 0.03, 0.35 +/- 0.04, 0.28 +/- 0.04, 0.29 +/- 0.04, and 0.39 +/- 0.03, respectively. Feed conversion ratio was genetically (r(g) = 0.66 ) and phenotypically (r(p) = 0.53) correlated with residual feed intake. Feed conversion ratio was correlated (r(g) = -0.62, r(p) = -0.74) with ADG, whereas residual feed intake was not (rg = -0.04, r(p) = -0.06). Genetically, both residual feed intake and feed conversion ratio were negatively correlated with direct effects of 200-d weight (r(g) = -0.45 and -0.21) and 400-d weight (r(g) = -0.26 and -0.09). The correlations between the remaining traits and the feed efficiency traits were near zero, except between feed intake and feed conversion ratio (r(g) = 0.31, r(p) = 0.23), feed intake and residual feed intake (r(g) = 0.69, r(p) = 0.72), and rib fat depth and residual feed intake (r(g) = 0.17, r(p) = 0.14). These results indicate that genetic improvement in feed efficiency can be achieved through selection and, in general, correlated responses in growth and the other postweaning traits will be minimal. 相似文献
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【目的】本试验旨在研究肉鸡生长前期(1～21日龄)饲喂发酵饲料对其生长性能、养分利用率、肠道健康和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡公鸡240只,随机分入4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4组肉鸡生长前期(1～21日龄)分别饲喂添加0、5%、10%、15%发酵饲料的试验饲粮,生长后期(22～42日龄)均饲喂不含发酵料的基础饲粮,试验期为42 d。试验第21和42天时,测定肉鸡的1～21日龄、22～42日龄和1～42日龄生长性能、19～21日龄和40～42日龄养分利用率、42日龄肠道菌的数量和42日龄肉品质等指标。【结果】与对照组相比,饲喂10%发酵饲料显著降低肉鸡1～21日龄料重比(P<0.05);饲喂15%发酵饲料显著提高肉鸡1～42日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),显著提高19～21日龄肉鸡干物质利用率和能量代谢率(P<0.05)。前期饲喂发酵饲料对42日龄肉鸡的盲肠菌群数量影响不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料显著降低42日龄肉鸡肌肉中胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。【结论】生长前期饲喂10%的发酵饲料显著... 相似文献
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Recent studies have indicated that crop contamination increases during preslaughter feed withdrawal and that contaminated crop contents may serve as an important source of Salmonella entry into poultry processing plants. During the present study, we evaluated the effect of preslaughter feed withdrawal on crop pH and Salmonella crop contamination in broilers from three commercial broiler flocks. The effect of experimental feed withdrawal on crop pH, lactic acid concentration, and Salmonella crop contamination was also evaluated in market-age broilers challenged experimentally with Salmonella typhimurium. Crop pH increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 3.64 +/- 0.25 before feed removal to 5.14 +/- 0.72 after 8 hr of feed withdrawal in broilers from commercial flocks. The incidence of Salmonella crop contamination in the commercial broilers increased (P < 0.05) from 3.3% before feed removal to 12.6% after 8 hr of feed withdrawal. Similarly, crop pH increased (P < 0.05) by a magnitude of approximately 1 unit in broilers after 8 hr of experimental feed withdrawal. The population of S. typhimurium in the crops of the experimentally challenged broilers increased (P < 0.05) by approximately 1 log unit during the 8-hr experimental feed withdrawal. The concentration of lactic acid in the crop of the broilers during experimental feed withdrawal decreased (P < 0.01) from a range of 119-135 mumol/ml before feed removal to a range of 22-32 mumol/ml after 8 hr of feed withdrawal. The results indicated that feed withdrawal resulted in a decrease in lactic acid in the crop, accompanied by an increase in crop pH, and an increase in Salmonella crop contamination. 相似文献
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分30~60kg BW、60~100kg BW和30~100kg BW三个阶段研究了降低饲料中磷酸氢钙水平及降低磷酸氢钙的同时添加植酸酶对猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:磷酸氢钙添加水平在生长猪(30~60kg BW)饲料中由对照组的0.920%降低到0.552%、肥育猪(60~100kg BW)饲料中由对照组的0.760%降低到0.380%时都没有显著降低猪的生长性能(P>0.05),降低磷酸氢钙的同时添加植酸酶虽没有显著提高猪的生长速度(P>0.05),但能降低料肉比,其中在全阶段(30~100kg BW)的作用显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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LIU Ying-yu WANG Jin-quan WUMAIERJIANG&# Yahefu LIU Li-li LI Lin ZHANG Xiao-hong YAO Gang 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(4):985-990
In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations. 相似文献
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为了解新疆伊犁地区肉牛产业链中重金素元素的残留情况,本研究采用原子吸收法对新疆伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤、饲料及屠宰场的牛肉进行重金属砷、铅、汞、铬、镉的检测。结果表明土壤样品中重金属铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.03~0.20、3.87~8.30、0.15~0.23、0.09~0.48和0.41~0.86 mg/kg。饲料样品中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为3.01~18.09、75.35~94.27、19.65~24.37、0.06~1.04和1.81~8.46 μg/kg。牛肉中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素含量分别为0.23~0.54、1.22~7.12、0.28~0.53、0.01~0.27及0.02~0.03 μg/kg。土壤和饲料、饲料和牛肉、土壤和牛肉中重金素含量的相关系数分别是0.96、0.99、0.98。综上所述,伊犁地区肉牛养殖场的土壤和饲料,屠宰场的牛肉中重金素铅、砷、汞、铬、镉元素的含量均没有超标,三者中重金属含量具有较高的相关性。 相似文献
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Groups of male and female Cairina ducks subjected to equal starter feeding (1st to 3rd weeks) were used from the 4th week of live (fattening period) to test feed mixes of varying energy and crude protein levels (480 energetic feed equivalents/heu[EFH] - 140 g crude protein[CP]; 480 EFh - 180/g CP; 555 EFh - 140 g CP; 555 EFh - 180 g CP; 625 EEh - 140 g CP; 625 EFh - 180 g CP - all figures referred to 1 kg of feed). The different energy levels remained without influence of the live weight development. High-energy feed caused, however, higher expenditures of energetic feed equivalents per kg of gain and resulted in carcases with higher fat proportion. At all the 3 energy levels under study, high-protein feeding proved superior to low-protein rations with regard to live weight gains and meat yield. For the time being, 500 EFh and 180 g CP per kg of organic matter are recommended as indicators for Cairina duck fattening rations. 相似文献
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Torres GJ Piquer FJ Algarra L de Frutos C Sobrino OJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,98(2-3):81-87
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella enterica in feed mills and to identify and evaluate potential risk factors associated with feed contamination. A total of 3844 samples were collected from 523 different feed mills using a stratified sampling method. Samples were tested for the presence of Salmonella using conventional culture methods. When the presence of Salmonella was detected, samples were further characterised using serotyping at the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for animal feed. Additional data about the biosecurity and hygiene measures, feed material used and compound feed produced, were collected by official veterinarians using a questionnaire in situ. In 144 of the feed mills visited (28%), Salmonella were present. However, it was only isolated from 4.8% of samples taken from all of the feed mills (3.5% from feed materials, 3.2% from compound feed and 12.5% from dust of the feed mill facilities). Salmonella serovars of public health importance (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Infantis, Virchow and Hadar), were detected in only 2.7% of feed mills and in 0.3% of the samples studied. Logistic regression was used to investigate potential feed-mill risk factors for the isolation of Salmonella. Feed mill intake pits were demonstrated to have an increased risk of culture-positive dust samples (OR=6.4; 95% CI: 2.7-15.1). The feed material used in the production of compound feed was associated with recovery of Salmonella. Of the feed material used, cotton seeds were identified as having the highest odds of contamination (OR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.7-8.3). Pelleting appears to reduce the chance of contamination because non-pelleted compound feed is 8 times more likely to be contaminated than pelleted compound feed (OR=8.2; 95% CI: 2.5-26.6). The role of the feed itself in the epidemiology of Salmonella seems to be of limited importance as compound feed is not frequently contaminated at the feed mill level. This should not preclude Salmonella control measures from including all stages of feed production and they should have a risk-based approach according to the findings of this study. 相似文献