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杆状病毒(Baculovirus)是一类特异性感染节肢动物的环状双链DNA病毒,是野外控制害虫种群的重要生物因子,并已被开发为一种生物杀虫剂加以应用。杆状病毒感染昆虫宿主并不一定导致昆虫死亡,其持续感染(per-sistent infection)在昆虫种群中普遍存在,且在某些刺激条件下,持续感染可被激活为增殖性感染并引发病毒流行病爆发。因此,杆状病毒持续感染对昆虫种群动力学以及病毒流行病学的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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不同昆虫微孢子虫对小菜蛾的致病能力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小菜蛾 (Plutellaxylostella)是多种十字花科蔬菜上常见的重要害虫。由于长期大量使用化学农药防治 ,小菜蛾对各种杀虫剂的抗性和交互抗性不断增强 ,甚至对生物农药Bt都产生了不同程度的抗性[1] 。微孢子虫 (Microsporidia)为专性寄生的原生动物 ,被宿主吞食后可在其体内增殖 ,并可经卵引发昆虫疫病的流行 ,是一类极具潜力的生物杀虫剂资源。微孢子虫对宿主昆虫感染有一定的特异性 ,但随着外界条件的变化 ,对宿主昆虫的感染能力也可发生变化[2 ] 。自然界中 ,一种宿主昆虫往往可受若干种微孢子虫感染[3 ] ,但病原性相差很远。本研究根据微… 相似文献
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害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性及其治理策略 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14
烟碱和新烟碱类杀虫剂都是作为后突触烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的激动剂作用于昆虫中枢神经系统,但这两类杀虫剂存在明显不同的选择毒性:烟碱类对哺乳动物毒性较高,而杀虫活性低;新烟碱类具有高杀虫活性,而对哺乳动物低毒。由于新烟碱类杀虫剂的作用方式独特,对以前使用的如拟除虫菊酯类、氯化烃类、有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类等杀虫剂很少或无交互抗性,该类杀虫剂为防治一些世界性重大害虫(包括对以前使用的杀虫剂具有长期抗性的害虫)作出了重要贡献。但现已发现不少害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂产生了抗性。文章就害虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性概况、抗性机理和抗性治理策略进行了综述。 相似文献
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由于基因工程技术的发展和安全性研究的深入,以重组杆状病毒为主的重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的应用正面临着突破。文章综述了通过插入昆虫专一性毒素基因构建重组昆虫病毒杀虫剂的技术路线,展望重组病毒杀虫剂的发展趋势。 相似文献
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松毛虫质型多角体病毒对苏云金杆菌的增效作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
苏云金杆菌 (Ｂｔ)和昆虫杆状病毒是两种开发应用较广的高效、无毒的生物杀虫剂。Ｂｔ相对杆状病毒 ,具有杀虫广谱、速效 ,但残效期短 ,易产生抗性 ;杆状病毒具有杀虫专一、效果好、有继代传播的后效作用 ,但杀虫速度慢。Ｂｔ与昆虫病毒混用可产生增效作用[1] 。本实验室研制了松毛虫质型多角体病毒 (ＤｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓＣＰＶ ,ＤｐＣＰＶ)和Ｂｔ加上适宜助剂和填充料混配而成的松毛虫微生物杀虫剂。作者通过以松毛虫作供试虫 ,采用孙云沛[2 ] 法 ,对Ｂｔ和ＤｐＣＰＶ进行了联合毒力测定。1 材料和方法1 .1 供试虫… 相似文献
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Gildow FE Reavy B Mayo MA Duncan GH Woodford JA Lamb JW Hay RT 《Phytopathology》2000,90(10):1153-1161
ABSTRACT Lepidopteran cells (Spodoptera frugiperda) produced isometric virus-like particles (VLP) when infected with a recombinant baculovirus Ac61 that contained the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) coat protein gene modified with an N-terminal histidine tag (P3-6H). Cells infected with AcFL, a recombinant baculovirus that expressed cDNA copies of the PLRV genome RNA, did not produce virus-like particles (VLP). In cell lines doubly infected with Ac61 and AcFL, VLP were formed that contained PLRV-RNA packaged in P3-6H coat protein (FL). Both the P3-6H and the FL particles were morphologically indistinguishable from particles of PLRV despite the fact that they lacked the P5 readthrough protein present in wild-type PLRV. When aphids (Myzus persicae) were fed on, or injected with, purified PLRV, or VLP of either type (FL or P3-6H) and examined by electron microscopy, no differences were observed among treatments for particle endocytosis, transcellular transport, or exocytosis at the aphid midgut or accessory salivary glands. Particles were observed in the salivary canals and in the salivary duct leading out of the aphid. These results suggest that P5 readthrough protein of PLRV may not be essential for cellular transport of virus through aphid vectors. 相似文献
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斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主实验种群增长的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
在室内自然变温条件下,应用生命表方法评价了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒对宿主实验种群增长的影响。结果表明,该病毒对斜纹夜蛾实验种群有明显的控制作用:①随着病毒接种浓度的升高,幼虫病死速率加快;②宿主感染病毒后,存活率、化蛹率降低,5、6龄幼虫历期明显延长,残存蛹羽化所得雌虫产卵量下降,当饲毒浓度达1.09×10~5PIBs/ml时,雌虫产卵量和产卵历期与对照差异显著(P<0.05),但病毒组各处理间无显著差异;③病毒能显著降低种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)值。各病毒组与对照的Ⅰ值差异极显著(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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研究了以甜菜夜蛾为靶标害虫时,昆虫生长调节剂虫酰肼对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)的增效作用.结果表明:虫酰肼在作用于甜菜夜蛾时对AcNPV有显著增效作用,不仅可提高杀虫毒力,而且也能提高杀虫速度.作用于3龄和4龄幼虫时,6.67 mg/L虫酰肼对AcNPV的增效比分别是1.31和3.62,使害虫因表现感染病毒症状而死亡的LT50(致死中时)分别缩短10.8%和6.5%,使害虫因病毒和虫酰肼作用而死亡的LT50分别缩短25%和20.4%.虫酰肼和病毒协同作用还显著抑制了幼虫的生长发育,在协同作用1天后,幼虫体重即显著低于单用病毒或对照,并且随着作用时间的延长,协同作用组幼虫体重与病毒单剂组及对照组的差异越来越大.但6.67mg/L虫酰肼和2.7×105PIB/mL AcNPV协同作用于幼虫期时,其对存活幼虫发育为成虫后的繁殖力无影响,成虫产卵量、交配率、卵孵化率以及卵孵化幼虫数等均与病毒单剂及虫酰肼单剂无显著差异,也与对照无显著差异. 相似文献
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The Helicoverpa armigera cathepsin B-like proteinase (HCB) has been shown to have a wide spectrum of substrates. It has been involved in the degradation of yolk protein during embryonic development and also in the decomposition of the adult fat body. To study the possibility of using HCB to improve the insecticidal activity of bioinsecticides, it was inserted into the pFASTBACDUAL-green fluorescent protein (GFP) donor plasmid under the strong polyhedrin promoter, and the polyhedrin gene was retained behind the HCB gene so that the virus could orally infect the host and survive in the natural environment. After the recombinant plasmid transfected the Sf21 cells, the recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-GFP-HCB-Polh+ was produced. A 37-kDa recombinant procathepsin B was expressed in AcMNPV-GFP-HCB-Polh+-infected Sf21 cells and processed into 29/25-kDa mature forms. Gelatin zymography revealed that the proteolytic activities of the recombinant HCB and other proteases were activated or enhanced by HCB in AcMNPV-GFP-HCB-Polh+-infected larvae. Green fluorescence was observed earlier and was more intense in AcMNPV-GFP-HCB-Polh+-infected larvae than in HCB-free AcMNPV-GFP-Polh+-infected ones that were infected at the same time; this indicated that the AcMNPV-GFP-HCB-Polh+ virus spreaded faster in larvae than the AcMNPV-GFP-Polh+ virus. A bioassay revealed that infection with the AcMNPV-GFP-HCB-Polh+ virus shortened the median survival time of H. armigera larvae by 12 h as compared with those infected with the AcMNPV-GFP-Polh+ or the wild-type AcMNPV virus. These results suggest that HCB may possibly play a role in the recombinant virus in improving the rate of killing larvae. 相似文献
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David H. L. Bishop 《Pest management science》1989,27(2):173-189
Among the viruses that are pathogenic for insect species, baculoviruses have been shown to be useful as insecticides for pest control. In some cases they have been used as cost-effective and environmentally acceptable alternatives to chemical insecticides. However, because viruses need to be ingested and replicate extensively in their host before they kill it, baculovirus insecticides are much slower than chemicals or other reagents that kill insects either on contact or shortly after ingestion. The objective of the programme of genetic engineering of baculovirus insecticides is to improve their speed of action while maintaining their host specificity and other attributes that make them desirable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Since 1986 four field releases have been undertaken involving genetically engineered baculovirus insecticides. The first release used a genetically marked Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The study began in 1986 and was terminated in 1987. The results demonstrated that an innocuous piece of DNA, appropriately positioned in the AcNPV genome, was an effective means to tag the virus without affecting its phenotype, allowing it to be identified in bioassays of plant and soil samples. The second release, in 1987, involved a genetically marked virus from which the gene coding for the protective polyhedrin protein of the virus had been removed. The field data obtained with this virus showed that it did not persist in the environment, neither in soil, nor on vegetation, nor in the corpses of caterpillars. The third and fourth releases were undertaken in 1988. For one of these studies the marked, polyhedrin-negative virus was again used. In the other study a polyhedrin-negative virus that contained a junk' (/?-galactosidase) gene was employed. 相似文献
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为探索斜纹夜蛾卵及幼虫的长效控制方法,本文探讨了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（SpltNPV-KY）与松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂联用对斜纹夜蛾卵和幼虫的防治效果,并评估了核型多角体病毒对赤眼蜂的安全性。结果显示,SpltNPV-KY分别与松毛虫赤眼蜂和螟黄赤眼蜂联用处理斜纹夜蛾卵后,卵孵化率比用5%甲醛溶液处理分别降低了46.80百分点和40.80百分点。SpltNPV-KY单独处理对斜纹夜蛾卵的孵化率无明显影响,但对幼虫死亡率及正常发育至成虫的概率有显著的影响。SpltNPV-KY单独处理,或与赤眼蜂联用时幼虫的校正致死率均大于60%,卵和幼虫的总死亡率均大于80%;SpltNPV-KY分别与松毛虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂联用对赤眼蜂的寄生率和出蜂率均无明显影响,SpltNPV-KY对斜纹夜蛾的总致死率分别比单独用赤眼蜂处理高10.80百分点和10.00百分点。研究表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂与核型多角体病毒联用对斜纹夜蛾卵和幼虫均有良好的防治效果,且SpltNPV-KY对赤眼蜂无不良影响。本研究对斜纹夜蛾卵-幼虫期防治具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Protein metabolism in Spodoptera litura (F.) is influenced by the botanical insecticide azadirachtin
Azadirachtin, as a botanical insecticide, affects a wide variety of biological processes, including reduction of feeding, suspension of molting, death of larvae and pupae, and sterility of emerged adults in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mode of action of this toxin remains obscure. By using proteomic techniques, we analyzed changes in protein metabolism of Spodoptera litura (F.) induced by azadirachtin. Following feeding 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura (F.) with an artificial diet containing 1 ppm azadirachtin until pupation, 48 h old pupae were collected and protein samples prepared. Total soluble protein content was measured and the results showed that azadirachtin significantly influenced protein level. Moreover, the proteins were separated by 2-DE (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and 10 proteins were significantly affected by azadirachtin treatment when compared to an untreated control. Six of these proteins were identified with peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF-MS after in-gel trypsin digestion. These proteins are involved in various cellular functions. One identified protein may function as an ecdysone receptor, which regulates insect development, and reproduction. It is suggested that the botanical insecticide azadirachtin affects protein expression and the azadirachtin-related proteins would be essential for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which neem toxins exert their effects on insects. 相似文献
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Camila Ochoa-Campuzano Amparo C. Martínez-RamírezEstefanía Contreras Carolina RausellM. Dolores Real 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2013
Bacillus thuringienesis (Bt) Cry toxins constitute the most extensively used environmentally safe biopesticide and their mode of action relies on the interaction of the toxins with membrane proteins in the midgut of susceptible insects that mediate toxicity and insect specificity. Therefore, identification of Bt Cry toxin interacting proteins in the midgut of target insects and understanding their role in toxicity is of great interest to exploit their insecticidal action. Using ligand blot, we demonstrated that Bt Cry3Aa toxin bound to a 30 kDa protein in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval midgut membrane, identified by sequence homology as prohibitin-1 protein. Prohibitins comprise a highly conserved family of proteins implicated in important cellular processes. We obtained the complete CPB prohibitin-1 DNA coding sequence of 828 pb, in silico translated into a 276-amino acid protein. The analysis at the amino acid level showed that the protein contains a prohibitin-homology domain (Band7_prohibitin, cd03401) conserved among prohibitin proteins. A striking feature of the CPB identified prohibitin-1 is the predicted presence of cadherin elements, potential binding sites for Cry toxins described in other Bt susceptible insects. We also showed that CPB prohibitin-1 protein partitioned into both, detergent soluble and insoluble membrane fractions, as well as a prohibitin-2 homologous protein, previously reported to form functional complexes with prohibitin-1 in other organisms. Prohibitin complexes act as membrane scaffolds ensuring the recruitment of membrane proteases to facilitate substrate processing. Accordingly, sequestration of prohibitin-1 by an anti-prohibitin-1 antibody impaired the Cry3Aa toxin inhibition of the proteolytic cleavage of a fluorogenic synthetic substrate of an ADAM-like metalloprotease previously reported to proteolize this toxin. In this work, we also demonstrated that prohibitin-1 RNAi silencing in CPB larvae produced deleterious effects and together with a LD50 Cry3Aa toxin treatment resulted in a highly efficient short term response since 100% larval mortality was achieved just 5 days after toxin challenge. Therefore, the combination of prohibitin RNAi and Cry toxin reveals as an effective strategy to improve crop protection. 相似文献