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【目的】构建林木种质资源指纹数据库是林木种质材料遗传鉴定的前提,也可为林木杂交育种提供清晰的遗传学背景。【方法】选取亲缘关系较远的8份杨树无性系材料筛选SSR引物,基于TP-M13-SSR技术进行SSR-PCR扩增,采用ABI3730XL毛细管电泳系统检测PCR扩增产物,利用GeneMarkerV1.91进行基因分型,Cervus3.0.7估算多态信息含量(PIC)和各位SSR位点无效等位基因频率(pN),POPGENE3.2估算各SSR位点上的等位基因数目(Na)、Shannon信息指数(I)和观测杂合度(HO),NTSYS-pc2.1进行遗传聚类分析。【结果】共筛选出13对条带清晰、重复性好的SSR引物,共扩增出89条多态性条带,单个位点上的等位基因数目为2~12个,平均值为6.5个;Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.13~1.91,平均值为0.97;多态信息指数(PIC)为0.19~0.81,平均值为0.56;观测杂合度为0.06~0.76,平均值为0.40。聚类分析结果表明,参试的无性系种质材料分为3类,第一类为南林系列无性系;第二类为中林108杨、中潜1号、中潜3-2、中驻2号、中驻4号、中驻6号、中驻7号、中驻8号、浙7、中皖1号、中皖2号、丹红杨、A65/27、南抗4、南抗3;第三类为湘林系列无性系。【结论】TP-M13-SSR分子标记技术能有效地鉴别杨树无性系种质,明晰无性系间亲缘关系,遗传聚类的结果与其谱系关系基本一致。研究结果为杨树无性系种质鉴定及进一步开展杨树杂交育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《山西林业科技》2017,(2)
以金黑杨无性系1号、2号、3号为试验材料,108杨为对照,在晋北、晋中、晋南进行区域化造林试验,测定6年生时金黑杨无性系的生长量,对比金黑杨与108杨的抗性及材性,并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明,金黑杨3个无性系的树高、胸径、材积和抗虫性均高于108杨,且除树高外,其它指标均显著高于108杨;金黑杨1号、2号的抗寒性指标均高于对照,1号的材性最好。综合隶属函数值最高的是金黑杨1号(11.550 1),其次是2号(9.959 8)和3号(8.020 3);108杨的最小,仅为2.292 6.金黑杨3个无性系均是适合在山西杨树适生地区推广应用的高效、高产杨树新品种。 相似文献
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测定了5个乔灌木柳树无性系和6个杨树无性系夏季、冬季不同组分的干质量热值,研究了1年生杨、柳无性系皮部和干部在夏季和冬季的干质量热值的变化情况,以及随着平茬次数的增加1年生柳树无性系全株热值的变化规律。结果表明:杨、柳树无性系不同组分在不同季节干质量热值的变化不完全一样,但是在冬季皮部、干部和全株热值均比在夏季时高;5个柳树无性系不同季节年份的干质量热值变化规律基本一致,冬季热值为1年生根1年生干＞2年生根1年生干＞3年生根1年生干,柳树无性系间的1年生根1年生干冬季热值与2年生根1年生干冬季热值的差异极显著,与3年生根1年生干冬季热值的差异显著,灌木柳的热值比乔木柳的高;6个杨树无性系(1年生根1年生干)的冬季全株干质量热值＞夏季全株干质量热值,但无性系间差异均不显著;1年生柳树全株冬季干质量热值普遍高于杨树。 相似文献
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一、品种选择合肥地处长江、淮河之间,为亚热带向暖温带过渡地带,选择南方型杨树品种,即黑杨派中的美洲黑杨南方种源产生的无性系以及欧美杨的无性系.据2004年合肥市杨树专业委员会对我市主栽几个杨树品种生长量调查结果表明,北方型杨树生长量明显不如南方型杨树生长量大(见表).目前,适宜合肥地区栽培的品种主要有:Ⅰ-69,Ⅰ-72,Ⅰ-63,南抗1、2、3、4号,中驻2、6、8、9号.351号,中皖1号,55号等. 相似文献
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尾叶桉的 ML A无性系 (简称 ML A)是难生根无性系 ,尾叶桉的 U6无性系 (简称 U6)、刚果12号桉 W5无性系 (简称 W5)为易生根无性系。MLA各器官的多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性比 U6、W5的低 ,而 ML A各器官的吲哚乙酸氧化酶 (IAAO)活性比 U6、W5的高。各树种的 PPO活性、IAAO活性及 PPO同工酶均具有器官的特异性。讨论了 PPO和 IAAO与不定根的发生和发展的关系 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(8)
【目的】利用生物技术方法,开展柳杉的组织快繁技术研究,为柳杉优良无性系的增殖扩繁和优良品种的推广提供理论和技术支持。【方法】以柳杉不同无性系无菌苗的嫩茎为外植体,采用激素种类及其浓度的L9(34)正交设计方法,研究各因素及其交互作用,对6个柳杉无性系植株的芽增殖能力和3个柳杉无性系植株的生根能力进行比较。【结果】6个柳杉无性系均能形成丛生芽,但不同无性系的芽增殖能力有很大差异。精1#无性系不定芽增殖系数最高,为5.00;011#,3#和70#无性系的芽苗颜色翠绿、健壮,芽增殖水平也较高;而59#和68#无性系的芽增殖系数为3.10和3.28,芽增殖效果较低,生长状况较差。对6个无性系芽增殖系数方差分析结果显示,6-BA及其与NAA的交互作用均对柳杉精1#无性系芽增殖能力有极显著影响,而NAA在一定浓度范围内,对精1#无性系芽增殖的影响不显著;而另5个无性系011#,3#,59#,70#,68#,6-BA、NAA以及2种激素的交互效应均对各自的芽增殖系数有极显著的影响。柳杉不同无性系在芽增殖中起主导作用的激素类型亦存在一定的差异。在柳杉011#、精1#、3#以及70#无性系芽增殖过程中,起主导作用的因子是6-BA;而在柳杉59#和68#无性系芽增殖过程中,起主导作用的因子是NAA。3个柳杉无性系诱导出不定根,但不同无性系的生根率差异达到显著水平。011#无性系的生根率、平均根数以及不定根形成能力在3个无性系中均处于最高水平,根长多处于2~3 cm范围内;70#无性系的生根率次之,但平均根数和不定根的形成能力均不及3#无性系,70#无性系的根长以2.5~3.5 cm居多;而3#无性系的平均根长达到4 cm以上,但生根率较低,为75.6%。【结论】对柳杉不同无性系的芽及根诱导差异的分析表明,柳杉无性系植株的芽增殖能力和生根能力均受到遗传基因的控制。柳杉不同无性系的组织培养再生能力对培养基类型及植物生长激素种类和配比的要求,有一定的特异性。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(3)
【目的】生长调节因子(GRFs)是一类植物特有的转录因子,调控植物生长发育的多个生物学过程。研究杨树组织和器官发育中GRFs的作用,尤其是对不定根形成的调控,不仅可以丰富根发育的理论,而且对于杨树的扦插繁殖具有实际应用价值。【方法】从银腺杨84K中分离了PtGRF1/2d基因和其启动子,通过对其miR396靶位点核苷酸进行同义突变,获得不受miR396调控的突变形式的mPtGRF1/2d,并将启动子和该突变形式分别构建至含有GUS报告基因的植物表达载体和过量表达载体,通过遗传转化分别获得PPtGRF1/2d∷GUS启动子驱动GUS转基因杨树和mPtGRF1/2d过表达转基因杨树。通过GUS染色分析PtGRF1/2d杨树启动子的表达特性,并对过表达mPtGRF1/2d杨树不定根的发生时间、数目和长度进行统计,利用qRT-PCR分析不定根发育早期相关转录因子的表达。【结果】PtGRF1/2d主要在根的中柱鞘和根尖位置表达,说明其参与了根的形成;过量表达mPtGRF1/2d基因影响了杨树不定根的发生、发育,导致了不定根发生延迟、数目和长度均减少,且差异均达到显著水平或极显著水平,表明PtGRF1/2d对不定根的发生和发育具有负调控作用。qRT-PCR分析显示,过表达mPtGRF1/2d杨树的不定根发育相关基因PtSCR,Pt AIL9,Pt BBM2,Pt PLT1.2和Pt WOX11b的表达量均被下调,表明PtGRF1/2d的过量表达抑制了根原基发生和不定根发育相关的关键调控因子的表达,影响了根原基的发生和不定根的形成,导致不定根数目和长度的变化,最终影响了杨树的生长。【结论】PtGRF1/2d作为不定根形成的负调控因子,位于不定根调控途径的上游,通过下调促进不定根形成的相关转录因子的表达来抑制根原基形成和不定根发育,导致不定根发生延迟、数目和长度减少。 相似文献
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几种杨树优良无性系耐盐测定及其盐渍区的生长表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对当前大力推广的几个杨树优良无性系进行了耐盐、耐水湿和盐渍土实地栽培测定，结果表明：中驻8号杨、中林46杨耐盐能力达0．2％－0．3％，耐水湿，是适于沿黄背河洼地与盐碱地栽培的2个优良无性系。中驻6号杨、中林23杨、中林34杨和中林115杨也有较强的适应性，可适当发展。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献