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1.
河鲈微卫星引物筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用GenBank中获得的近缘物种微卫星序列设计的20对引物,对河鲈养殖群体20个个体基因组DNA进行扩增,发现8对引物能扩增出特异性谱带,获得32个等位基因,5个位点的等位基因数大于或等于4个,多态信息含量0.3680～0.7395,5个位点多态信息含量为高度多态(PIC＞0.5).期望杂合度范围在0.4154～0.7936,观测杂合度普遍高于期望杂合度.个体识别率范围在0.180～0.620,累积个体识别率为0.9899,单一微卫星位点的个体识别率普遍低于0.8,未出现高度多态性遗传标记.非父排除率范围在0.2537～0.6185,累积非父排除率0.9937,4个位点的非父排除率高于0.5,属于高度多态性遗传标记.  相似文献   

2.
仿刺参的微卫星标记   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  
为了评价种质资源及基础生物学研究的需要，本文开发了仿刺参的微卫星标记。NCBI数据库中共有20个含有仿刺参微卫星的序列，从中选取8个设计引物，发现6个微卫星位点有多态性。不同的引物获得的等位基因数为3～9个不等，6个位点共获得了31个等位基因，每个位点平均获得5．2个等位基因。6个位点的平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0．3611，平均期望杂合度（He）为0．6402。位点AJMS004提供的多态性信息含量值较低，为0．4862；其他5个位点均在0．5以上。另外，还尝试了红海参（Parastichopus californicus）微卫星标记在仿刺参的通用性。实验结果表明，在较高的退火温度下，5对引物均能扩增仿刺参的基因组DNA并具多态性。5个位点共获得了22个等位基因，每个位点平均获得4．4个等位基因。5个位点的平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0．1733，平均期望杂合度（He）为0．4201。其中位点Psc2的多态性信息含量值最高，为0．8500。  相似文献   

3.
选用萨福克、德国美利奴、特克塞尔、乌珠穆沁、以及右玉本地绵羊5个绵羊群体共250个个体,通过耳组织提取基因组DNA,用2对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,通过电泳分型、凝胶成像系统分析各位点等位基因及全部个体的标记基因型,计算基因频率、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度等,从分子水平上分析5个绵羊品种的遗传多态性。结果表明,BM3413和OB2这2个位点的等位基因数分别为7和8,多态信息含量PIC﹥0.5,杂合度为0.8271～0.8467,均属于高度多态性位点,用于作为与生产性能相关的遗传标记是较理想的。  相似文献   

4.
采用磁珠富集法,以生物素标记的(CA)10寡核苷酸为探针,构建了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)基因组微卫星富集文库。根据微卫星位点的侧翼序列设计引物,随机挑选扩增出与预期大小相符的32对引物,引物荧光标记后对24个三角帆蚌个体分别进行PCR扩增,共筛选出20对多态性较好的引物。结果表明,20个微卫星位点的等位基因数为5～20,有效等位基因数2.321 3～13.260 3。观察杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.318 2～1.000 0和0.582 5～0.946 1;PIC值0.547 2～0.919 9;其中14个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。本研究筛选的20个微卫星标记可作为三角帆蚌遗传多样性、种群遗传结构等研究的理想分子标记。  相似文献   

5.
以乌江流域中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为材料,构建了中华倒刺鲃微卫星富集文库。以乌江彭水电站所采集的32个个体的基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,结果筛选出8个多态性微卫星位点,其等位基因数4~10,多态信息含量0.6072~0.8515;观测杂合度0.5625~1.0000,期望杂合度0.6791~0.8795,Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡偏离指数-0.2009~0.3805;卡方检验结果表明,3个位点不同程度地偏离了Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡(P<0.05);各位点两两之间不存在显著的连锁不平衡现象。  相似文献   

6.
中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以乌江流域中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)为材料,构建了中华倒刺鲃微卫星富集文库。以乌江彭水电站所采集的32个个体的基因组DNA为模板,进行PCR扩增,结果筛选出8个多态性微卫星位点,其等位基因数4~10,多态信息含量0.6072~0.8515;观测杂合度0.5625~1.0000,期望杂合度0.6791~0.8795,Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡偏离指数-0.2009~0.3805;卡方检验结果表明,3个位点不同程度地偏离了Hardy中华倒刺鲃微卫星标记筛选及特征分析Weinberg平衡(P<0.05);各位点两两之间不存在显著的连锁不平衡现象。  相似文献   

7.
选用实验室克隆的23个圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti Sauvageet Dabry)微卫星标记分析了长江宜宾江段的圆口铜鱼群体遗传多样性,统计分析了有效等位基因数、观测杂合度Ho、期望杂合度He、多态信息含量(PIC)等遗传学指标。结果表明:23个位点有14个微卫星位点呈单态,9个位点出现多态,在这9个位点中共检测到48个等位基因,其平均有效等位基因数为5.3,多态信息含量在0.440～0.839之间变动,平均为0.670,除YT17和YT22位点属于中度多态外,其余7个位点均属于高度多态。平均观测杂合度为0.753,平均期望杂合度为0.728,表明该群体的遗传多样性较为丰富。  相似文献   

8.
金沙江观音岩段圆口铜鱼的微卫星遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选用10对微卫星引物,对金沙江观音岩江段圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)群体的遗传多样性进行研究。统计分析了有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量等遗传学指标,结果显示所选用的10对微卫星引物均表现为高度多态性,共检测到等位基因数84个,平均有效等位基因数5.429 6;观测杂合度0.800 0~0.933 3、期望杂合度0.774 7~0.841 4;多态信息含量为0.649~0.753;Shannon’s指数为1.523 7~2.260 2;Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数为0.032 6~0.127 7。结果表明该江段圆口铜鱼群体遗传多样性较丰富。  相似文献   

9.
泥蚶34个EST-SSR标记的开发及在格粗饰蚶中的通用性检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用泥蚶转录组高通量测序、拼接获得的大量EST序列开发SSR标记,在1123条EST序列里筛查到73条含有SSR位点的EST序列,其中54个位点适合设计引物,在位点两侧设计引物并进行PCR扩增.结果显示,46对引物获得稳定扩增的位点,引物在泥蚶奉化群体的多态性检测中发现,有34对引物表现出多态性,共扩增出122个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数Na为2～7个,平均每个位点产生3.59个等位基因,观测杂合度Ho、期望杂合度He、多态信息含量PIC范围分别为0.000 ～ 0.600、0.078 ～0.771、0.106～0.718;Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测显示,13个位点偏离了平衡状态;用Nr和Swiss-Prot蛋白质数据库对含有多态性SSR的EST进行了基因注释,25个SSR位点来自注释基因序列.将34对泥蚶多态性SSR引物在格粗饰蚶中进行了通用性检测,结果有1 1对成功扩增,8对表现为多态,通用率为23.53％,这些通用引物可用于两种蚶的遗传多样性评价、系统进化分析、比较作图和基因发掘等研究.  相似文献   

10.
多倍体中华鲟微卫星亲子鉴定体系的建立   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
应用荧光引物和自动测序技术,检测了10个自主研发的微卫星分子标记在68个中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)个体中的遗传多态性。结果表明,10个微卫星标记共检测到124个等位基因,等位基因数为7~22,期望杂合度为0.730 26~0.873 95,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.561 61~2.219 60。基于亲子鉴定排除率不低于0.99的标准,最终确定Asi-75067、Asi-67648、Asi-67123、Asi-73843、Asi-72040、Asi-70421和Asi-56700等7个微卫星标记为中华鲟亲子鉴定的核心体系,其单亲、父权和双亲的累积排除率分别为99.12%、99.95%和99.99%。该微卫星标记组合为中华鲟准确高效经济的亲子鉴定体系建立提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO2 and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na+ and Cl‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H+ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.  相似文献   

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