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1.
Background: Pregnant goat does can develop various metabolic diseases during late pregnancy that may have profound effects on their health and productivity, including subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate serum biochemical findings in goats in late pregnancy with and without subclinical pregnancy toxemia. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 153 clinically healthy goats in the last trimester of pregnancy from 14 herds in central and northern Jordan. Serum was analyzed for the following constituents: 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB), glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, cortisol, T3, T4, total calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, using commercially available kits. Goats were classified as having subclinical pregnancy toxemia or as controls on the basis of 3‐HB results. Biochemical results were compared between the 2 groups using nonparametric statistical tests. Results: Fifty‐three does had subclinical pregnancy toxemia (3‐HB>0.86 mmol/L) and 100 were pregnant control does (3‐HB≤0.86 mmol/L). Does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia had significantly lower glucose concentrations (P<.001) and significantly higher urea (P=.042) and total protein (P=.048) concentrations compared with pregnant control does. 3‐HB concentration was significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.290, P=.035), phosphorus (r=0.351, P=.01), and cortisol (r=0.394, P=.004) concentrations in goats with subclinical toxemia. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that the biochemical profile of does with subclinical pregnancy toxemia differs from that of other pregnant goats. 3‐HB should be measured in pregnant does in late stages of gestation with hypoglycemia or with elevated urea and total protein concentrations.  相似文献   

2.
近年来,随着养羊业的发展,特别是具有多胎特性的小尾寒羊养殖数量的增加,绵羊妊娠毒血症的发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势,因此,所带来的经济损失也较大。该病发病机制复杂,主要从病因、发病机制及防治方面阐述了绵羊妊娠毒血症的研究现状,以期为有效防治该病提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
Background: Negative energy balance during late pregnancy in ewes is an important cause of hyperketonemia. Ketone bodies can generate superoxide radicals and cause oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction, as noted in cows with subclinical ketosis or in diabetic people. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hyperketonemia in initiating the process of lipid peroxidation. Methods: The study included 10 pregnant ewes (aged 3.5–6 years) with pregnancy toxemia, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes, and 10 clinically healthy nonpregnant ewes. Serum concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and glucose, plasma activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), markers of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione were measured. Data from the 3 groups were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: Serum concentrations of BHB, cortisol, and TBARS were significantly higher in ewes with pregnancy toxemia when compared with concentrations in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant groups (P≤.05). In ewes with pregnancy toxemia, a strong positive correlation was found between concentrations of TBARS and BHB (r=.80; P=.002) and between concentrations of BHB and cortisol (r=.76; P=.005). Conclusions: Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are involved in the development and complications of pregnancy toxemia. An association between hyperketonemia and the products of lipid peroxidation has also been demonstrated, suggesting that ketosis is a risk factor in the development of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in ewes affected by pregnancy toxemia.  相似文献   

4.
Pregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disease of pregnant ewes which causes significant economic losses in sheep industry. The pathophysiology and metabolic changes of this disorder remain poorly understood. We conducted this study to describe the serum protein pattern associated with the pregnancy toxemia in ewes. In this study, the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins of 15 ewes with naturally occuring pregnancy toxemia and 12 ewes with uncomplicated pregnant were investigated by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Serum protein patterns were mainly characterized by four bands and located in the 76 kDa, 66 kDa, 55 kDa and 29 kDa both diseased and control groups. The percent of the 66 kDa, 55 kDa and 29 kDa proteins were decreased (P < 0.001 for 66 kDa; P < 0.01 for 55 kDa and P < 0.05 for 29 kDa) while 76 kDa (P < 0.05) protein was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in ewes with pregnancy toxemia relative to controls. Positive correlations were found between activities of liver enzymes and percentage of the distribution in 76 kDa, 55 kDa proteins. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between the 66 kDa protein and liver enzymes. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the percentages of the 76 kDa, 66 kDa, 55 kDa and 29 kDa proteins are significantly altered in ewes with pregnancy toxemia. However, further studies are needed to explore the potential role of these alterations in the pathophysiology in ewe with pregnancy toxemia.  相似文献   

5.
Renal blood and plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximal tubular transport of PAH (TmPAH) were measured in nonpregnant and twin-pregnant sheep. Twin-pregnant animals were studied during normal pregnancy as well as during ovine pregnancy toxemia artificially produced by starvation. All animals were surgically prepared with aortic, post caval and renal vein cannulas at least one week prior to experimentation. Total renal blood and plasma flow was found to be elevated during pregnancy, but if expressed on the basis of body weight no changes were noted. Starvation and the resultant development of hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia caused a 25-30% decline in renal blood and plasma flow. GFR in pregnant fed sheep (193 ml/min or 2.7 ml/kg.min) was significantly higher (P less than .001) than that of nonpregnant ewes (118 or 2.3 ml/kg min). During ovine pregnancy toxemia the GFR was significantly (P less than .001) diminished (142 ml/min or 2.0 ml/kg min). TmPAH also was significantly higher (179 mg/min or 2.5 mg/kg min) in pregnant animals when compared to nonpregnant ewes (98 mg/min or 1.9 mg/kg min.), but starvation had no effect on Tm PAH in pregnant sheep. It thus appears that a functional renal hypertrophy occurs during pregnancy which is similar to that which follows unilateral nephrectomy or renal disease. During ovine pregnancy toxemia the diminution of renal function probably results from the metabolic derangements and is thus not comparable to human preeclampsia.  相似文献   

6.

Background

Insulin resistance during late gestation might act as 1 etiologic factor causing pregnancy toxemia in ewes.

Objective

Evaluation of pancreatic insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in ewes with differing susceptibility to pregnancy toxemia and in ketotic ewes.

Animals

Pregnant ewes suffering from (PT, n = 5) and ewes with high (HR, n = 7) and low risk (LR, n = 5) of being affected by pregnancy toxemia.

Methods

In a case‐control study, the pancreatic insulin release and the peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by means of the intravenous glucose tolerance test with subsequent measurement of the plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB). The ewes were tested during late pregnancy within 5 and 15 days antepartum.

Results

The insulin secretion after glucose administration was significantly lower in the HR and PT than in the LR ewes. The baseline rate of lipolysis was significantly increased in the HR ewes, but the NEFA clearance was similar in both risk groups, albeit delayed in the PT ewes. The baseline β‐HB concentration was significantly higher in the PT than in the HR and LR ewes. In the HR and in the PT ewes, the plasma β‐HB concentrations did not decrease after glucose administration.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

There is reduced pancreatic first‐phase insulin response and impaired insulin‐dependent inhibition of the ketone body formation during late pregnancy in the HR and PT ewes. This insulin resistance might represent 1 causative factor in the pathogenesis of ovine pregnancy toxemia.  相似文献   

7.
Pregnancy toxemia commonly affects pregnant ewes and does during late gestation. This metabolic disease is thought to result from disruption of the dam's glucose homeostatic mechanism in response to increased nutritional demands of the rapidly developing fetal placental unit. Commercial production systems are comprised of a variety of nutritional, metabolic, genetic, physiologic, environmental, economic, health, and management factors that singularly or as a group influence the clinical expression of pregnancy toxemia. Recognizing the role management plays in controlling these inputs is crucial to pregnancy toxemia prevention and treatment programs.  相似文献   

8.
A high prevalence of metabolic disease was evident in a large flock of sheep early in the lambing season. Pregnancy toxemia and secondary hypocalcemia were diagnosed on the basis of history, physical examination findings, and results of serum biochemical analyses. To decrease costs to the owner, pooled serum samples were used to determine the metabolic health status of the flock. Ewes close to the time of lambing were found to be in severe negative energy balance, which resulted in excessive fat mobilization as well as clinical signs associated with pregnancy toxemia and hepatic lipidosis. By nutrient analysis, it was determined that the ewes had an inadequate amount of fermentable carbohydrates, which provide glucose to support the additional nutrition required during late gestation. The diet provided to sheep during late gestation should contain sufficient glucose precursors to maintain adequate glucose availability to maternal and fetal tissues. To minimize the physiologic decline in dry-matter intake during late gestation (which results in accentuation of negative energy balance), high-quality feed ingredients should be fed to ewes during this period.  相似文献   

9.
母羊的生殖应激主要包括母羊主动应激、母羊被动应激以及胎羊宫内应激。适当的生殖应激是正常发情、维持妊娠、发动分娩、顺利哺乳的重要生理基础。但长期或过度的生殖应激，将引起母羊代谢紊乱、免疫功能损害、生殖障碍以及胎羊或羔羊发育受阻等，这一系列能造成母体健康损害的疾病和临床表现，被定义为“母羊生殖应激综合征”。本文对母羊生殖应激及母羊生殖应激综合征进行了定义，并对生殖应激理论的综合临床应用进行了探讨，为预防和治疗生殖疾病(如妊娠期毒血症、产后乏力、子宫内膜炎等)提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
German black headed mutton (GBM) ewes are recognized as being highly susceptible to ovine pregnancy toxemia (OPT). The present trial was performed to evaluate whether a breed-dependent gestational diabetes mellitus-like insulin resistance during late pregnancy might be responsible for the high incidence of OPT in the GBM breed. Modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (300 mg glucose and 0.03 IU insulin per kg of BW) were performed during mid and late pregnancy, the periparturient, and the dry period in polytocous 3.5-yr-old GBM and Finnish Landrace (FL) ewes fed according to their requirements. The corresponding blood samples were analyzed for plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB). In addition, the baseline plasma cortisol concentrations were determined during late pregnancy. The BW gain during pregnancy and the rearing success did not differ between the GBM and FL ewes. In both breeds, late pregnancy was associated with decreased basal plasma glucose concentrations and enhanced glucose disposal, as well as elevated baseline β-HB values. Only in the GBM ewes did the plasma NEFA concentrations increase significantly during advancing pregnancy. Moreover, significantly higher baseline plasma NEFA concentrations as well as lower (P < 0.05) basal plasma glucose values were recorded during late pregnancy in the GBM than in the FL ewes. The first-phase insulin secretion, the peripheral insulin sensitivity, and the baseline plasma cortisol values did not differ between both breeds during late pregnancy. It is concluded that increased lipolysis during late pregnancy is a characteristic of the GBM breed. Moreover, elevated plasma NEFA concentrations may contribute to impaired pancreatic insulin response and peripheral insulin resistance in GBM ewes and thus promote OPT.  相似文献   

11.
Diseases of intermediary metabolism include ketosis and fatty liver of dairy cattle and pregnancy toxemia of ewes. These conditions occur when there is a failure of the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the mobilization of fats and the conservation of carbohydrates. The therapeutic approach is to reestablish the normal homeostatic patterns of fuel utilization. Suppression of excessive ketogenesis is the most important factor in reestablishing homeostasis. Ketogenesis can be suppressed by a number of therapeutic agents that act either by suppressing the mobilization of fatty acids or by inhibiting the transport of fatty acids into the hepatic mitochondria, the site at which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies. Useful therapies include bolus glucose infusions, glucose precursors, and glucocorticoids.  相似文献   

12.
This report describes a squamous cell carcinoma in a 1-year-old female veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). The lesion developed as a small (1 by 1 mm) left periocular discoloration of a scale never involving the eye. The mass was first diagnosed as an abscess, increased in size (4 by 8 by 3 mm), and recurred after two surgical resections combined with antibiotic therapy. Poor nutritional condition and egg production by the chameleon complicated management of this condition. The mass was removed surgically a third time at which point histopathologic evaluation revealed a locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Bacterial culture of the mass isolated a pure culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was administered at 20 mg/kg IM every 48 h for 20 days. The animal died 3 months later from complications during an ovariohysterectomy for pregnancy toxemia and oviduct inertia. Necropsy showed no local recurrence or metastasis of the tumor.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of moderate feed restriction, single or twin pregnancy, and subclinical pregnancy toxemia (PT) on immune responses of ewes. ANIMALS: 16 Sardinian ewes. PROCEDURE: Six weeks before lambing, ewes were assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 8/group) matched for number of fetuses, body condition score, and plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and beta hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations, and feed intake was restricted for 1 of the groups. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Humoral immunity was evaluated in vivo by determining production of IgG antibodies against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). RESULTS: Four ewes developed subclinical PT (plasma BHBA concentration > 0.86 mmol/L without any clinical signs of disease). Whether feed was restricted and type of pregnancy (single vs twin) did not have any significant effects on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Ewes with subclinical PT had significantly lower in vitro proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and significantly lower values for KLH-specific IgG than did healthy ewes. Plasma BHBA and NEFA concentrations were negatively correlated with in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells; plasma NEFA concentration was negatively correlated with values for KLH-specific IgG. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that subclinical PT may be associated with impairments in cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in sheep.  相似文献   

14.
When butyric acid was injected intravenously at an amount of 2.5 mM/kg, blood glucose rose markedly in normal sheep. In a ewe with pregnancy toxemia blood glucose did not change. When the same amount was injected intraruminally to sheep and cows, the plasma level of non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA, was in most cases decreased by about 30—50 %, while blood glucose remained almost unchanged. The same results were obtained when the double amount, 5 mM/kg, was used. The depressant effect of butyric acid on NEFA after intravenous and intraruminal administration is discussed. When butyrate occurs in the circulating blood a breakdown of liver glycogen is induced and the resulting hyperglycemia causes a decrease in the NEFA level. The butyric acid which is infused into or produced in the rumen is probably completely metabolized to ketone bodies in the rumen epithelium and depresses NEFA indirectly by increasing the production of insulin.  相似文献   

15.
The accuracy of the Precision Xceed® hand-held meter as an on-site method for measuring blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose concentrations, for the diagnosis of pregnancy toxemia and ketosis in dry and lactating dairy sheep, was assessed. Five to eight hours after the start of the morning feed, blood was collected once from 193 clinically healthy sheep (143 dry and 50 lactating). BHBA and glucose analyses were performed with serum in the laboratory, and with whole blood with the Precision Xceed®. Overall, BHBA and glucose determinations by the two methods were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Strongly significant positive correlations were found for glucose and BHBA concentrations between the Precision Xceed® and laboratory results (r = 0.76, n = 150, P < 0.01 and r = 0.99, n = 193, P < 0.01, respectively). The Precision Xceed® was highly sensitive (98.6%) and specific (98.2%), and had excellent test agreement for the detection of pregnancy toxemia and ketosis.  相似文献   

16.
The objectives of this study were to determine the main causes of mortality, with a special focus on caseous lymphadenits as a cause of death or wasting in caprine herds from Quebec. Goats (n = 152) from 13 herds were submitted for necropsy; the cause of mortality, and the presence, location, and cause of abscesses (if present) were recorded. Proportional mortalities were distributed as: Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia (17.1%), pneumonia (13.8%), paratuberculosis (10.5%), listeriosis (6.6%), pregnancy toxemia (5.3%), caprine arthritis-encephalitis (4.6%), and caseous lymphadenitis (3.9%). Caseous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 24.3% of the submitted goats, but was not a major cause of wasting or mortality. Abscesses were localized internally in 54.1% of the cases. Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in 29 goats (16 as cause of death) and was considered a major cause of wasting and/or mortality.  相似文献   

17.
In order to research the dynamic changes of nutrient intake and serum biochemical indexes of barn feeding ewes in different pregnant stages, and provide evidence for reasonable diet formulation and health state analysis of barn feeding goats, each 10 healthy female goats in non-pregnancy, early pregnancy and late pregnancy were randomly selected in this experiment, whose feed intake were determined;6 ill parturient ewes and each 8 healthy female goats in non-pregnancy, 1 month pregnancy, 2 months pregnancy, 3 months pregnancy, 4 months pregnancy and labor were randomly selected in this experiment, whose 7 serum biochemical indexes were determined.The results showed as follows:① In comparison to NRC(2007) goat nutritional requirements, DM, ME and CP intakes were more than the requirements in non-pregnant and early pregnant ewes, while DM, ME and CP intakes were less than the requirements in late pregnant ewes;Ca and P intakes were much more than the requirements in various stages of ewes.② From non-pregnancy, pregnancy to labor, healthy ewes' GLU content decreased (3.44 to 2.57 mmol/L) and KB content increased (14.93 to 23.55 μg/mL), while ill parturient ewes'GLU content was significantly decreased to 0.85 mmol/L(P<0.05) and KB content was significantly increased to 42.98 μg/mL (P<0.05);Healthy ewes' TP content decreased (70.55 to 59.94 g/L) and ALB content had little change (33.55 to 32.61 g/L), while ill parturient ewes' TP and ALB content both further decreased (56.79 and 29.72 g/L, respectively);Healthy ewes' Ca and P content had little change (2.21 to 2.19, 2.62 to 2.25 mmol/L, respectively), while ill parturient ewes' Ca (1.80 mmol/L, P<0.05) and P (2.17 mmol/L) content both decreased;Healthy ewes'AKP content decreased (258.57 to 104.35 U/L), but ill parturient ewes'AKP content increased (180.53 U/L).All the analysis showed that the inadequate energy intake of ewes in late pregnancy was the root cause of the decreased GLU and other serum biochemical indexes contents and the increased KB contents and the ill parturient ewes was diagnosed as pregnancy toxemia.Therefore, the ewes'diet formulation should be adjusted, different stages of ewes should be separated to feed, the energy intake of ewes in late pregnancy should be increased.  相似文献   

18.
Surgical resection of perforated abomasal ulcers in calves   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
Surgical resection of perforating abomasal ulcers was successful in four of ten suckling calves. Mortality, usually occurring within 48 hours, was attributed to diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis, toxemia and shock.  相似文献   

19.
本试验通过研究不同妊娠期母羊在舍饲条件下养分摄入量与血清生化指标的动态变化,为舍饲山羊日粮的合理配制和健康状态分析提供依据。随机选择空怀期、妊娠前期和妊娠后期健康母山羊各10只,测定其采食量;随机选择空怀期,妊娠1、2、3、4月及临产健康母羊各8只,以及临产病母羊6只,测定其7项血清生化指标。结果表明:①与NRC(2007)山羊营养需要量相比,空怀期和妊娠前期母羊对干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白质的摄入量高于需要量,但妊娠后期母羊相应的摄入量低于需要量;各阶段母羊对钙和磷的摄入量均远高于需要量;②从空怀、妊娠到临产,母羊的血清葡萄糖含量逐渐下降(3.44至2.57 mmol/L),血清酮体含量逐渐升高(14.93~23.55 μg/mL),而临产病母羊的血清葡萄糖含量显著降至0.85 mmol/L(P<0.05),血清酮体含量显著升至42.98 μg/mL (P<0.05);血清总蛋白含量呈下降趋势(70.55至59.94 g/L),但血清白蛋白含量(33.55至32.61 g/L)变化不大,临产病母羊血清总蛋白(56.79 g/L)和白蛋白(29.72 g/L)含量进一步降低;血清钙(2.21至2.19 mmol/L)和磷(2.62至2.25 mmol/L)含量变化不大,而临产病母羊的血清钙(1.80 mmol/L)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清磷含量下降至2.17 mmol/L;血清碱性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势(258.57至104.35 U/L),但临产病母羊的血清碱性磷酸酶活性突然升高至180.53 U/L。综上所述,妊娠后期母羊能量摄入不足,是导致妊娠母羊血清葡萄糖等逐渐降低、酮体逐渐升高的根本原因,临产病母羊诊断为妊娠毒血症,建议调整母羊日粮结构,分阶段饲喂,增加妊娠后期母羊能量摄入量。  相似文献   

20.
The possibility that bacteremia and toxemia were the causes of death in cases of cecal coccidiosis was investigated. Germ-free and ordinary chickens with microflora were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. At 5 days postinoculation, cecal lesions in ordinary chickens were more severe than those in germ-free ones. Cardiac blood, spleen, and liver were examined in ordinary chickens for bacteremia and endotoxemia, and small numbers of bacteria were recovered from both infected and uninfected birds. Endotoxin levels in plasma of E. tenella-infected birds were low and not different from the levels of uninfected controls. To examine unknown toxic factors, a large volume of serum from infected chickens was injected intravenously into uninfected birds. No significant clinical signs were observed. It is concluded that the intestinal bacteria increase the severity of coccidial lesions without bacteremia and toxemia.  相似文献   

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