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1.
采用乙腈提取、固相萃取净化和高效液相色谱法,分析测定了啶虫脒在露地和大棚2种种植条件下黄瓜和土壤中的残留及消解动态。结果表明:9%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂同时在露地和大棚中按有效成分30.375 g/hm2剂量(推荐高剂量的1.5倍)施药1次,啶虫脒在露地和大棚黄瓜及其土壤中的原始沉积量分别为0.20、0.13 mg/kg和0.29、0.14 mg/kg,露地黄瓜和土壤中的原始沉积量均分别低于大棚;相应地,啶虫脒在黄瓜和土壤中的半衰期分别为9.7、9.4 d(露地)和10.1、11.9 d(大棚)。9%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂同时在露地和大棚中按有效成分20.25 g/hm2和30.375 g/hm2的剂量施药1次和2次,在相同施药剂量、施药次数和采收间隔期情况下,除个别情况外,露地黄瓜中啶虫脒的最终残留量均低于大棚,分别为0.01~0.05 mg/kg(露地)和0.01~0.09 mg/kg(大棚)。  相似文献   

2.
采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC-PDA)测定了双孢蘑菇及其覆土和培养料中啶虫脒的残留量,研究了啶虫脒在工厂化双孢蘑菇栽培中的残留规律。样品以乙腈提取,分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱测定。结果表明:在0.02~3mg/kg3个添加水平下,啶虫脒在双孢蘑菇、覆土和培养料3种基质中的平均添加回收率为81%~97%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.7%~9.6%。在不同施药水平下,啶虫脒在覆土和培养料中的消解动态均符合一级动力学指数方程,平均半衰期分别为34和23d。覆土单独施药后啶虫脒会向培养料迁移,培养料内的啶虫脒残留量总体先升高后降低。随覆土或培养料中啶虫脒施药剂量的增加,双孢蘑菇中啶虫脒的残留量随之增加,当啶虫脒在覆土或培养料中的施药量有效成分在10~250mg/kg之间时,双孢蘑菇子实体中啶虫脒的残留量在0.03~2.6mg/kg之间,且第一潮、第二潮和第三潮菇间残留量存在显著差异。同一处理剂量下,覆土单独施药后蘑菇中啶虫脒的残留量显著高于培养料单独施药后蘑菇中的残留量。  相似文献   

3.
高效液相色谱法检测环氧虫啶在柑橘及土壤中的残留   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
建立了环氧虫啶在柑橘和土壤中残留量测定的高效液相色谱(HPLC-UVD)分析方法。柑橘样品采用V(蒸馏水):V(二氯甲烷)=1:2提取后经弗罗里硅土柱净化(土壤样品提取后直接测定),HPLC-UVD测定,外标法定量,并运用此方法对田间样品进行了环氧虫啶残留量检测验证。结果表明:在0.05~5mg/L范围内,环氧虫啶质量浓度与对应的峰面积间呈良好线性关系,线性方程为y=10243x+233.0(R2=0.9990);土壤和柑橘中环氧虫啶的最低检测浓度均为0.1mg/kg;在0.1~1mg/kg3个添加水平下,环氧虫啶在土壤和柑橘中的平均回收率在76%~93%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)在1.6%~5.8%之间。该方法快速、灵敏、稳定,可用于柑橘和土壤中环氧虫啶残留量的检测。  相似文献   

4.
烯啶虫胺在水稻和稻田环境中的残留及消解动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UVD)测定了烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、水稻植株和糙米样品中的消解动态及最终残留。田水样品用二氯甲烷萃取;土壤样品用水提取后经二氯甲烷萃取;水稻植株和糙米样品依次用水、丙酮提取,提取液经液液萃取及柱层析净化;HPLC-UVD检测。当烯啶虫胺在田水和土壤中的添加水平为0.1~5 mg/L和0.1~5 mg/kg,在植株和糙米中的添加水平为0.2~5 mg/kg时,其平均添加回收率在77.2% ~100.3%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD)在1.9% ~12.9%之间。烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤、植株和糙米中方法的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1 mg/L和0.1、0.2、0.2 mg/kg,检出限(LOD)分别为0.04 mg/L和0.04、0.08、0.08 mg/kg。温室模拟消解动态试验结果显示,以推荐使用高剂量的20倍(有效成分1 500 g/hm2) 施药,烯啶虫胺在稻田水、土壤以及水稻植株中的消解动态规律均符合一级动力学方程,其半衰期分别为0.58、3.31及2.70 d,消解速率较快。最终残留试验表明,于大田分蘖期按推荐使用高剂量的1.5倍(有效成分112.5 g/hm2)分别施药3次和4次,间隔期为7 d,距最后一次施药7 d后采样,糙米中烯啶虫胺的残留量均低于LOD值(0.08 mg/kg)及日本规定的最大残留限量(MRL)值(0.5 mg/kg)。  相似文献   

5.
烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中的残留及消解动态   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中的残留分析方法,并采用该方法研究了烯啶虫胺在田间柑橘和土壤中的消解动态。样品分别采用乙腈和甲醇提取,UPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。在0.1~5 mg/L质量浓度范围内,烯啶虫胺的仪器 响应值与质量浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数均在0.99以上。该方法的最小检出量为1.0×10-11 g, 在柑橘和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05 mg/kg。当添加水平为0.05~2 mg/kg时,回收率在70.8%~104.1%之间,相对标准偏差在4.7%~12.3%之间。消解动态试验结果表明,烯啶虫胺在柑橘和土壤中消解的半衰期分别为3.4~10.7 d和1.8~5.4 d,表明烯啶虫胺属于易降解农药(t1/2<30 d)。  相似文献   

6.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定豇豆中溴氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪和啶虫脒残留量的方法。豇豆样品经乙腈提取,通过QuEChERS法净化后,采用Acquity UPLCBEH C18色谱柱分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果表明:在0.01~1μg/mL内5种农药的峰面积与其相应的质量浓度间呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,回收率为71%~129%,相对标准偏差为0.90%~20.8%(n=5)。5种农药在豇豆中的检出限为0.084~4.0μg/kg,定量限为0.80~16.6μg/kg。该方法简单灵敏,定量准确,可用于分析豇豆中的溴氰虫酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、呋虫胺、噻虫嗪和啶虫脒的残留量。  相似文献   

7.
氯虫苯甲酰胺在水稻及稻田环境中的残留动态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用田间试验方法,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态,测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺在水稻和土壤中的最终残留量。稻田水和土壤样品采用丙酮提取,水稻样品用乙腈溶液浸泡提取,经玻璃层析柱净化,HPLC紫外分析测定。结果表明,稻田水、土壤、水稻植株、谷壳、糙米中氯虫苯甲酰胺添加浓度为0.005~1.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为85.06%~95.83%,变异系数在2.08%~5.77%之间。方法的最低检测浓度为:稻田水0.005mg/kg,土壤0.01mg/kg,水稻植株0.02mg/kg,谷壳0.02mg/kg,糙米0.01mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为3.1~5.0d、6.6~9.0d、8.0~9.9d。以33.86g/hm2和50.80g/hm2间隔14d施用氯虫苯甲酰胺2次和3次,末次施药21d后氯虫苯甲酰胺的最高残留量为:土壤0.217mg/kg,水稻植株0.879mg/kg,谷壳0.389mg/kg,糙米0.018mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在糙米中的残留量低于我国和食品法典委员会(CAC)及欧盟的最大残留限量(MRL)标准。  相似文献   

8.
采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(HPLC-MS)建立了葡萄、大蒜中啶虫脒残留的定量分析方法,并对我国部分省(市)抽检的葡萄、大蒜样品中啶虫脒残留量进行监测分析。根据我国国情、农药日允许摄入量(ADI)及居民膳食消费结构和食品消费量,评估葡萄、大蒜中啶虫脒MRL的总体风险,并提出转化建议。分析研究表明,所有抽检的葡萄、大蒜样品均未超过建议的转化值,方法的定量限均为0.01mg/kg。根据膳食风险评估结果,普通人每天摄入的食物量中,啶虫脒所占的理论最大摄入值约为0.75mg,其中占每日啶虫脒允许摄入量的16.9%。CAC推荐啶虫脒在植物源性食品葡萄、大蒜中的MRL值分别为0.5mg/kg、0.02mg/kg,对一般人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险,因此可以转化制定啶虫脒在植物源性食品中最大残留限量。  相似文献   

9.
三种新烟碱类杀虫剂在土壤中的残留降解及影响因子   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
建立了吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪在土壤中的高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）检测方法。样品经乙腈提取和QuEChERS法净化后,采用HPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量,在0.01~1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,3种新烟碱类杀虫剂在土壤中的回收率在89%~103%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.3%~10.3%之间,定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。采用建立的方法,在室内模拟条件下,研究了土壤微生物、温度、土壤含水量及农药初始浓度对土壤中吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪降解的影响。结果表明:土壤微生物是影响农药残留降解的首要因素,灭菌处理土壤中农药残留降解速率明显低于非灭菌土壤。此外,环境温度、土壤含水量、初始浓度等因素也会对农药残留降解产生不同影响,土壤含水量为最大持水量的60%左右时降解最快,半衰期分别为15.6、7.2和25.8 d;农药初始浓度越高,降解速度越慢;在5~35℃范围内,随着温度的升高,降解速度加快。  相似文献   

10.
啶虫脒金标免疫速测试纸条研制及其在茶叶中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
阐述了一种基于直接竞争免疫层析法的啶虫脒金标速测试纸条的研制方法,及其在茶叶中快速检测与诊断啶虫脒残留的应用情况。通过制备啶虫脒人工抗原,获得了高灵敏度的单克隆抗体,抗体效价大于1:10000。据此研制的金标速测试纸条对啶虫脒肉眼判断的检出限为10ng/mL,检测时间为10min;可特异性地检测茶叶(绿茶、红茶、铁观音)中烟碱类农药啶虫脒的残留量,而对其他烟碱类农药(吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺等)无交叉反应,能满足中国茶叶中啶虫脒最大残留限量(0.5mg/kg)下的检测要求,具有灵敏度高、使用便捷、结果准确、成本低等优点。该技术可以实现成品茶样品中啶虫脒的现场快速测试诊断。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

17.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

18.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

19.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

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