首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 228 毫秒
1.
近年来,由于近海的捕捞强度过大,近海渔业资源已日趋贫乏,因此,海洋捕捞渔业正在向深海、远洋渔业发展。目前,国家农业部为了控制海洋捕捞强度,保护近海资源,已实行海洋捕捞渔业零增长、对渔船实行船数、功率双控制和伏季休渔等制度,而且提出五年内不再发展渔船和实行渔船报废制度。  相似文献   

2.
日本海洋渔业的抛弃率   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
杨吝 《渔业现代化》1999,26(1):36-39
1 海洋捕捞渔业类型出于立法和统计目的.日本海洋渔业分为三类:远洋渔业、近海渔业和沿岸渔业。这是基于渔场、渔具渔法、主捕对象和渔船尺寸综合分类的。远洋渔业由远洋拖网、东海拖网、在中太平洋和印度洋鲣和金枪鱼大中型围网、北太平洋延绳钓和刺网、远洋金枪鱼延绳钓、远洋鲣竿钓和远洋鱿鱼钓组成。近海渔业包括中型渔船作业、典型的例子是近海拖网、大中型围网(除捕捞金枪鱼外)近海金枪鱼延绳的和近海鲣竿钓。沿岸渔业由10GT以下渔船作业的定置网渔业和地拉网渔业组成。在这类渔业的每一个部门内、根据当地需要.捕捞全日本…  相似文献   

3.
远洋金枪鱼延绳钓技术改进试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
近年来,随着捕捞强度的加大,近海渔业资源严重衰退,传统的经济鱼类已经不能形成大宗渔汛,渔船已经面临无鱼可捕的境地。为确保我市海洋渔业可持续发展,实现由近海捕捞向外海、远洋捕捞的转变是必要的。同时,国外远洋金枪鱼钓渔业受船员劳务高、渔捞支出高等影响,虽然毛收入高,但经营获益不多,现处于萎缩之趋势,为我国发展远洋渔业提供了机遇。为此,我们抓住机遇,发挥本地渔船适航性强、成本低的优势,结合本地区实际情况,为渔民群众发展远洋渔业开辟一条新途径。1998年我们在引进国外先进远洋金枪鱼延绳钓技术的基础上,开展了远洋金枪鱼延绳钓技术的改进、试验工作,取得了显效果。  相似文献   

4.
加快远洋渔船装备发展提升远洋渔业战略地位   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
远洋渔业是关乎国家安全、维护海洋权益的战略性、资源性产业.我国是世界第一渔船大国,截至2010年,我国经批准拥有远洋作业资格的渔船1989艘,总功率104.8万千瓦,远洋捕捞产量近112万吨,总产值超过119亿元.但由于我国渔业装备落后,严重制约我国远洋渔业的发展.  相似文献   

5.
滕永坤 《海洋渔业》1984,6(5):238-240
<正> 台湾省历来是我国渔业生产比较发达的行政区之一。这是由它的自然地理条件和各个时期经济生活的必需所决定的。在八十年代初,台湾省的渔业年产量已达到93.5万吨左右。台湾渔业由远洋、近海、沿岸和养殖四个部分组成。近20年内,从捕捞生产来看,远洋渔业与近海渔业占年产量的75%左右。1973年之后,远洋渔业的年产量,在全省渔业年产量中占40%左右。  相似文献   

6.
郭仁达 《海洋渔业》1985,7(2):89-92
<正> 远洋渔业是海洋渔业的重要组成部分,世界海洋渔业产量中大约有五分之一来自远洋渔业。渔船为渔业的主要捕捞工具,远洋渔业必须以相适应的渔船做基础。不少海洋渔业国家,在合理利用近海资源的同时,都很注意远洋渔业的发展,渔船技术也得以相应开发。  相似文献   

7.
海洋渔业是我国沿海地区的重要产业,但由于多年来捕捞强度过度增长,海洋渔业资源尤其是近海渔业资源不断衰退,严重影响了海洋渔业和沿海渔区经济的可持续发展;加上中日、中韩渔业协定相继生效,我国近海渔业捕捞产量将大幅度下降,部分近海渔民面临转产转业的现实问题。为进一步保护海洋渔业资源和生态环境,实现渔业可持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国渔业法》有关规定,农业部部署制订了《关于2003-2010年海洋捕捞渔船控制制度实施意见》,通过压减捕捞渔船船数和功率数,达到初步控制我国海洋捕捞强度盲目增长和资源过度利用,逐步实现海洋捕捞强…  相似文献   

8.
福建省近期捕捞力量和捕捞作业结构的调整   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分别对福建省在福建近海捕捞渔业及其五种主要捕捞作业的最大持续产量和最大持续捕捞力量进行估算,并在估算值的基础上,结合目前渔业资源结构变化趋势及福建近海渔业的实际情况,确定2005年之前福建省近海的捕捞力量和捕捞作业结构的调整方案,调整结果为:总捕捞力量由1998年的标准机施总功率3084460kW削减至1668940kW;其中定置渔业自然功率由1998年的202860kW削减到100136kW;拖网渔业由1474764kW削减到801091kW;灯围61645kW提高到100136kW,刺网渔业由449680kW削减到442269kW;钓渔业由67423kW提高到83447kW;其它作业由35126kW提高到141861kW。  相似文献   

9.
由于近海渔业资源的急剧衰退和我国与周边国家渔业协定的正式签署并实施 ,我国海洋渔业的作业空间越来越小 ,已经严重影响我国海洋渔业企业的生存和发展。因此 ,在这种情况下 ,我国渔业经济除了发展近海养殖外 ,还必须尽快参与国际竞争 ,大力发展远洋渔业 ,特别是大洋性渔业(利用公海渔业资源 )。1 开发大洋性金枪鱼渔业的必要性面对目前海洋渔业形势的新格局 ,大力发展我国大洋性渔业已势在必行。在这种情况下 ,调整海洋捕捞结构 ,积极培植新的经济增长点 ,开辟新渔场 ,开发新资源 ,实现由近海捕捞向外海远洋捕捞的转变 ,就成为我们的战略…  相似文献   

10.
我国海洋捕捞渔业发展的方向是巩固发展海洋渔业.积极利用外海渔业资源,因此,开展远洋渔业生产是我国海洋捕捞渔业的必经之路。我国远洋渔业始于80年代中期,而我省是从1987年开始,先由汕头、南海两个国营渔业公司与农业部合作派船到贝劳开展出国远洋渔业生产的,以后每年都有一些渔船参加。  相似文献   

11.
傅文栋 《海洋渔业》1997,19(4):157-160
本文根据对台湾北部渔场中上层鱼类为期三年的生产性探捕试验结果,着重分析了莆田市现有灯光围网作业渔船采用的渔具渔法在该渔场的适应情况和生产性探捕试验的经济效益。指出了该渔场中上层鱼类的渔期、中心渔场位置和渔获组成。  相似文献   

12.
Global marine wild‐capture landings have remained relatively stable for >20 years; however, there is a lack of credible fishing capacity and effort information required to assess the sustainability and efficiency of the global fleet. As such, we estimated global fishing capacity and effort from 1950 to 2012 using a relatively comprehensive database developed by the FAO, supplemented by other data sources. Using random sampling techniques, we estimated the uncertainty surrounding many of our estimates enabling the identification of deficiencies and limitations. Global fishing capacity and effort increased rapidly from the late 1970s through to around 2010 before stabilizing. The Asian fleet is more than an order of magnitude larger than any other region in both capacity and effort, and continues to increase. Most other regions have stabilized, and there have been considerable declines in Europe and, to a lesser extent, in North America. Developed nations, as a whole, have decreased in both measures in the recent years and are responsible for the stabilization of the global trend. Developing and undeveloped countries are still increasing with the former having the largest fleet and showing the greatest relative increase with the socioeconomic impacts of reversing these trends likely to be high. The efficiency of the global fleet, in terms of watt days of fishing effort per tonnage of wild marine catch, is now less than in 1950 despite the considerable technological advances, and expansion throughout the world's oceans, that has occurred during this period of time.  相似文献   

13.
卢伙胜  张坤明 《海洋渔业》2007,29(3):285-288
2004年7月中旬至8月底,笔者主要对海南省、广东省和广西壮族自治区沿海的渔具种类及其分布情况进行补充调查.调查采用现场测定、咨询和访问当地渔民与现场观摩相结合的方法,对每种渔具的渔具结构、作业渔船、作业方法、渔具历史和技术改进等内容进行调查研究[1-2].  相似文献   

14.
福建沿海张网作业捕捞能力的计算分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据2002年福建沿海张网作业的生产调查及全省渔业统计,应用数据包络分析(DEA)法,分析福建沿海6个地级市和4个县市张网作业的捕捞能力及其影响因素,并与单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)法进行比较。结果表明,2000年和2002年,福建沿海张网作业"能力利用度"的变化范围分别为5 2%~100%和7 3%~100%,平均为67 2%和80 9%。各地市间张网作业的"能力利用度"有极显著差异(P<0 01),对给出的投入要素的利用未达到充分发挥其应有产出能力的水平,存在张网作业船数和网具数量的投入过多、渔船功率和吨位的投入偏大的问题。调查36个捕捞单位的"能力利用度"变化范围为46 4%~100%,平均77 4%。4个县市不同生产水域间张网作业"能力利用度"的差异极显著(P<0 01),捕捞单位间的"能力利用度"有显著差异(P<0 05)。近海有翼张网的平均"能力利用度"高于沿岸无翼张网的平均"能力利用度";张网捕捞单位投入的功率、吨位、网具数量、渔船数和作业天数,对其捕捞能力的发挥有比较重要的影响。跨生产水域比较各捕捞单位投入的网具规格和船员数对其"捕捞能力"有一定的影响。CPUE法仅适用于单一或两个投入因子的计量,不足以充分反映张网作业的实际捕捞能力;DEA法则擅长多种投入要素的生产决策,提供各种约束条件的最优选择途径,可以有效获取比  相似文献   

15.
The behavioural dynamics of fishers: management implications   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
In pursuing their livelihood, fishers develop strategies when faced with changes in regulations and other fishery conditions. Changes involve each individual in a decision‐making process governed by his/her own goals or constraints. Despite this reality, the complex dynamics of fishing has usually been ignored in designing management initiatives, which has contributed to management failures in many parts of the world. Fishers have generally been treated as fixed elements, with no consideration of individual attitudes based on their operating scales (geographical, ecological, social and economic) and personal goals. We review existing research on the social, economic and behavioural dynamics of fishing to provide insight into fisher behaviour and its implications for fisheries management. Emphasis is placed on fisher perception, and how fishers develop dynamic fishing tactics and strategies as an adaptive response to changes in resource abundance, environmental conditions and market or regulatory constraints. We conclude that knowledge of these dynamics is essential for effective management, and we discuss how such information can be collected, analysed and integrated into fisheries assessment and management. Particular emphasis is placed on small‐scale fisheries, but some examples from industrial fleets are provided to highlight similar issues in different types of fisheries.  相似文献   

16.
20世纪80年代后,我国逐步采用了一些渔业捕捞强度控制管理措施。但是.由于渔业监管力度不大和渔民组织程度低等原因,导致实施效果不明显.以致传统经济鱼类资源严重衰退。进而.从渔业投入控制管理向渔业产出控制管理转变是必然的选择。TAC制度作为一种渔业产出控制管理被众多渔业发达国家所引用。但是.我国至今未实施该制度。本文指出实施TAC制度所面临问题的同时,提出解决问题的政策性建议。  相似文献   

17.
林光纪 《福建水产》2012,34(2):163-170
建立并实施渔业捕捞准入制度是社会主义市场经济下政府监管渔业的有效手段之一。本文针对近年来我国渔业界呼声很高的渔业捕捞准入制度,从社会主义市场经济的视角辨析,指出当前国内学者对渔业捕捞准入制度的理解偏差;并从捕捞准入的内涵、边界、渔业捕捞准入制度的市场经济特征进行探讨,分析了我国捕捞"禁入、许可制度"的现状,对建立渔业捕捞准入制度进行理论剖析,初步提出了渔业捕捞准入制度体系框架,包括捕捞准入制度内容、捕捞准入方式、我国捕捞准入的基础条件,以及重构我国渔业捕捞准入制度的思路。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract The space and depth distribution of the bottom-line fisheries on the continental shelf of south-east Brazil were analysed, and an attempt was made to identify the areas and depths where fishing effort is concentrated to delimit the main fishing grounds. Four main fishing grounds were identified based on the effort and catches between 1975 and 1985. These were, in decreasing order of importance: north of Espírito Santo state, near the Abrolhos archipelago; adjacent to Rio de Janeiro state, under the influence of Cabo Frio upwelling; north of São Paulo state, encircling Alcatrazes archipelago; and the outer edge of the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo state continental shelves, between the Guanabara and Sepetiba bays. The concentration of the fisheries, the greater catches and the best productivity indices were found in outer and deeper areas along the edge of the continental shelf. There was a concentration of fishing effort and higher catches in deeper grounds, from the north to the south of the regional fishing area. The bathymetric distribution of the fisheries showed that they intensified from 30 m depth to the outer edge of the continental shelf. The fishery productivity indices increased towards a depth of 50 m, but fell thereafter. Fishing activities were lowest during the winter season for the whole region, but intensified during the summer-autumn or spring-summer seasons.  相似文献   

19.
据普查,福建省现有各类海洋捕捞渔船32556艘,平均功率45.9kW。其中拖网渔船4425艘,占总功率的53.3%,产量占总海捕量的42.3%,受燃油涨价和资源衰退影响,许多拖网船亏本经营、全省现登记在册的定置网渔船有7389艘,定置渔船的大型化、钢质化,并向外拓展已成潮流。全省围网船376艘。全省现有渔船总数太多,捕捞结构不合理已成主要问题,减船转产势在必行。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract An assessment of the recreational fishery in north-west Trinidad was made by questioning participants about the principal fishing methods used, location of activities, catches, effort and cost of fishing. Surface handline methods (live baiting [à la vive] and trolling) and rod and line (banking) were the most common methods used and were pursued mainly in the summer months (April to August). Total fish landings from the fishery were estimated at 1000 t year-1, equivalent to about 10% of commercial catches for Trinidad. The principal species caught were kingfish, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuv.), carite, Scomberomorus brasiliensis (Cuv.), cavalli, Caranx hippos (L.), snappers, Lutjanus spp., and groupers, Epinephelus spp. Many of the fishermen sold their catch to offset the costs of the fishing trip and thus competed with commercial fishermen. Recommendations for monitoring and possibly regulating the fishery through a licensing scheme are made.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号