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1.
应用透射电镜观察两头奶牛产后第1、7、l3、20、26、32、38、45、52、60天的子宫组织的超微结构变化，结果发现：分娩使奶牛部分子宫内膜破损，并且与其相邻的细胞也在产后1～7d内坏死脱落；未破损上皮细胞的纤毛和微绒毛也受到损坏；产后第13天时，基底细胞开始生长以修复分娩时被损坏的子宫内膜，到45d时生长基本完成，产后60d时组织修复完成，纤毛和微绒毛覆盖整个子宫内膜表面。在产后1～7d内，子宫组织内胶原片段多、胶原纤维呈溶解状、横纹不清楚、胶原束内出现空腔；从产后第26天开始胶原纤维片段较少并排列较整齐，而第32天以后胶原纤维束交错整齐排列、横纹清楚、无胶原片段。在产后1～7d内，子宫平滑肌细胞核呈扭曲状、胞质内充满肌丝，并且体积较小；从产后20d开始平滑肌细胞体积增大、胞质内线粒体和高尔基复合体等细胞器增多。产后1～32d之间，子宫组织内巨噬细胞数量增多，其胞质内溶酶体、线粒体等细胞器增多；产后13～32d之间，浆细胞数量增多，其胞质内粗面内质网池扩大、线粒体和高尔基体等细胞器增多；淋巴细胞大量浸润。产后20～45d之间，成纤维细胞数量增加，其胞质内细胞器增多；产后7～45d之间毛细血管周围的周细胞数量增加。  相似文献   

2.
产后正常奶牛子宫内细菌的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
研究不同产后时期正常奶牛子宫内细菌的数量变化、种类及细菌与子宫复旧的关系。实验发现 ,产后第 2 ,7,14,2 4d子宫内细菌平均数量为 (1.91±0 .44 )× 10 5,(3.93± 1.6 1)× 10 6,(3.40± 0 .94)× 10 3 ,(2 .49± 2 .92 )× 10 2 个/mg子宫样品 ,而产后 39d时子宫内细菌数量均小于 1× 10个 /mg子宫样品 ;共分离到细菌 5 7株 ,其中葡萄球菌 2 4株 (占 42 .1% )、大肠杆菌 11株 (占 19.3% )、链球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% )、芽孢杆菌 8株 (占 14% )及微球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% ) ;经直肠检查在产后 39d时所有受试牛均完成了子宫复旧。结果表明 :细菌从分娩前的无菌状态增加到最高点较迅速 ,约 7d左右 ,而下降比较缓慢 ,到复旧完成 (39d)时 ,才接近于无菌状态 ;产后奶牛子宫内的细菌有葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、芽胞杆菌和微球菌 ;产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
《畜牧与兽医》2017,(1):98-102
为了探讨奶牛胎衣不下对子宫内膜先天免疫相关基因表达的影响,在产后第1天和第7天,对9头胎衣不下的奶牛和10头正常分娩的奶牛进行子宫内膜活检;每周收集子宫内容物进行需氧菌分离培养;在产后第1天和第7天,检测所有奶牛子宫内膜TLR1/6、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5、TLR9、NOD1、NOD2、CD14和MD2的基因表达。结果表明:无论奶牛有无胎衣不下,在产后21 d内大肠杆菌是子宫内容物中最常见的细菌;产后第7天与第1天相比,胎衣不下的奶牛子宫内膜TLR2、TLR4和CD14的基因表达水平明显降低(P0.05),而正常分娩的奶牛在相同时间段上述受体基因表达无明显差异,说明产后1周胎衣不下的奶牛子宫内膜TLR2、TLR4和CD14的基因表达减少可能与子宫感染炎症有关。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在探究孕酮对奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞MAPK信号通路的影响。选取与奶牛产后体内相似浓度的孕酮作用于奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞,模拟产后子宫内分泌环境,检测MAPK通路关键蛋白表达的变化。结果发现,不同浓度孕酮均未对细胞活性产生影响,且20 ng/m L浓度范围内的孕酮对奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞无毒性作用。用0、1、3、5 ng/m L孕酮处理30 min后,并未对子宫内膜上皮细胞ERK、JNK和P38的磷酸化产生显著作用,且不同浓度孕酮之间也没有显著差异。由此得出结论,外源性孕酮不能通过直接抑制奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞MAPK的活化起抗炎效应。  相似文献   

5.
用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察和B超扫描等方法对小尾寒羊产后子宫形态学变化进行了研究.结果发现,小尾寒羊在产后10 d内,恶露排出结束;产后19 d子宫颈复旧完成;产后25 d子宫外观复旧完成;到产后31 d子宫内膜破损的修复完成.子宫复旧过程中,子宫组织内胶原纤维降解明显,子宫组织中的巨噬细胞、浆细胞、成纤维细胞、淋巴细胞等都参与了子宫复旧过程.  相似文献   

6.
应用B型实时超声断层扫描仪 (B -超 ) ,对奶牛子宫复旧过程进行研究。对 38头中国荷斯坦奶牛 ,用B -超和连续检查法监测了子宫复旧过程。结果 ,经连续直肠检查法监测 ,受试牛子宫孕角、空角和子宫颈复旧的平均时间分别为 (37.4± 3.1)、(31.4± 4.9)和 (36 .8± 4.9)d;用B -超监测则为 (35 .5± 4.5 )、(30 .8± 5 .9)和 (37.5± 5 .0 )d。并且B -超监测还发现 ,分娩当天子宫肌层平均厚度为 1.6 5cm ,产后 2 3d时减少到 1.35cm ;产后第 5天在超声影像上可见子宫内膜 ,平均厚度为 0 .3cm ,第 15天为 0 .6cm ,而到产后 2 3d平均增厚到 1.0 2cm ,子宫复旧完成时 ,子宫壁平均厚度为1.0cm ;两子宫角的横切面轮廓清晰 ,大小基本相同 ,超声影像变白。研究表明B -超监测奶牛子宫复旧过程是可行的  相似文献   

7.
【目的】探讨奶牛脂肪间充质干细胞（bovine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,bAD-MSCs）对氧化应激条件下奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞迁移能力的影响。【方法】使用0、5、25、50、100、200 μmol/L H2O2处理奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞2、4、6、8、12 h后,通过MTT试验检测细胞存活率、流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平来筛选H2O2诱导奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化应激模型的最佳条件。在细胞划痕试验中设立对照组、H2O2组、bAD-MSCs共培养组（1∶0.5）、bAD-MSCs共培养组（1∶1）、奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（MACT）共培养组（1∶0.5）和MACT共培养组（1∶1）共6组,分析奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞迁移能力,并利用Western blotting检测细胞外蛋白调节激酶（Erk）和磷酸化细胞外蛋白调节激酶（pErk）蛋白的表达水平。【结果】MTT试验结果显示,4~12 h内50 μmol/L H2O2组细胞存活率为50%~80%,适用于构建氧化应激模型。流式细胞术结果显示,用50 μmol/L H2O2刺激奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞2 h时,ROS水平显著高于对照组与4、6、8、12 h组（P<0.05）。划痕试验结果显示,与对照组相比,H2O2组奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移能力显著降低（P＜0.05）;与H2O2组相比,bAD-MSCs共培养组奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移能力均显著增加（P＜0.05）,MACT共培养组细胞迁移能力均显著降低（P＜0.05）。Western blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,H2O2组奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中pErk蛋白表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;与H2O2组相比,bAD-MSCs共培养组奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中pErk蛋白表达水平均显著升高（P＜0.05）,MACT共培养组细胞中pErk蛋白表达水平均显著降低（P＜0.05）。【结论】50 μmol/L H2O2处理2 h可成功构建奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化应激模型,bAD-MSCs可促进氧化应激条件下奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞的迁移并参与调控Erk蛋白的表达。  相似文献   

8.
目前利用奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术，建立奶牛子宫内膜炎模型从而减少不可控因素来研究奶牛子宫内膜炎疾病已成为国内外普遍使用的一类方法，因此获得高纯度、同一性的子宫内膜上皮细胞是体外研究的关键环节，国内外所使用方法主要是酶消化法、组织块贴壁法和组织块消化贴壁法。本文旨对先前的方法进行改良，建立一种简便易行、培养周期短、细胞活性及形态良好的原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术。采用健康未孕奶牛子宫为试验材料，取下子宫内膜组织，加入5 mL含2%双抗、40%胰酶的DMEM/F12培养基，4 ℃消化12 h，再将组织移至25 cm2细胞培养瓶中贴壁培养。获得原代细胞后，应用角蛋白-18抗体对细胞进行免疫组化荧光鉴定，并对第3代细胞采用CCK-8法测定不同时间点的D450 nm值，绘制细胞生长曲线。结果显示，培养至第8天，原代细胞基本铺满细胞培养瓶瓶底，有效地缩短了常规组织块贴壁法的周期。通过角蛋白-18免疫组化荧光鉴定，原代上皮细胞的阳性率可达98%以上，相比常规组织块贴壁法来说，纯度明显提高，省去了细胞纯化的操作步骤。细胞增殖状态，符合正常的分裂生长特性。试验结果表明将常规组织块贴壁法进行了优化改良，不仅缩短了培养周期，同时提高纯度，保持细胞活性，为原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术的改良提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨脂多糖(LPS)对奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞TLR4和BNBD4 m RNA表达的影响及川芎嗪的调控作用,体外培养奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞,并分为对照组、LPS组、川芎嗪组(高、中、低浓度),利用实时荧光定量PCR法对各组细胞TLR4和BNBD4 m RNA表达进行了检测。结果表明:LPS可显著刺激奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞TLR4及BNBD4 m RNA表达显著升高(P0.05),川芎嗪可抑制LPS诱导子宫内膜上皮细胞TLR4升高作用,并能促进BNBD4 m RNA表达。提示川芎嗪可干预LPS诱导的奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞炎症反应,并促进其分泌β-防御素起到改善子宫内膜炎的作用。  相似文献   

10.
本研究旨在探讨子宫内膜肥大细胞(MC)颗粒状态和组胺浓度在奶牛子宫内膜炎中的作用。选用产后6～10 d健康及患急性化脓性子宫内膜炎的中国荷斯坦奶牛各10头,分别为对照组和试验组,通过ELISA法检测子宫内膜组胺浓度和透射电镜观察子宫内膜MC颗粒状态。结果表明:试验组子宫内膜组织中组胺含量为(80.305±4.002)ng.mL-1,对照组为(39.204±4.278)ng.mL-1,二者差异极显著(P0.01);对照组子宫内膜固有层MC胞质中可见大小不等,圆形或椭圆形颗粒,均匀分布;而试验组子宫内膜固有层MC呈脱颗粒状态,表现为颗粒数量减少、分布和浓度不均、周腔增大、有空泡形成。结果提示,产后发生急性子宫内膜炎时子宫内膜MC脱颗粒,释放组胺,使子宫内膜组胺含量显著升高,这与子宫内膜的急性炎症有关,组胺可调节子宫免疫机能,可能对子宫内膜炎的发生发展具有重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
The postpartum uterine bacteriology, histology, resumption of ovarian activity and polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) number and function in 18 Swedish dairy cows were studied. Cows were milked either 2x (n = 9) or 3x per day (n = 9). Endometrial biopsy samples for bacteriological and histological investigations were collected during 8 weeks postpartum, starting within one week after calving. Milk samples for progesterone determination were collected twice a week until the cows had shown normal reproductive cyclicity. Blood samples for granulocyte function (phagocytic capacity and total number) were collected from each animal on the same days as when the biopsies were obtained. All animals in both groups were free from bacteria at the latest after 6 weeks post-partum and there was no difference regarding bacterial elimination and bacterial species between milking groups. No difference regarding uterine histology between milking groups was seen. In both groups, 8 cows had normal to slight infiltration of leukocytes in the endometrium at the end of sample collection. No changes in granulocyte function could be seen in the 2 milking groups. Resumption of ovarian activity was detected on day 45.6 +/- 9.3 (mean +/- SD) postpartum in the 2x milking group and 36.6 +/- 9.0 (mean +/- SD) post-partum in the 3x milking group (p = 0.05). Based on our findings, an increased milking frequency from 2 to 3 times a day did not influence the uterine function postpartum.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of animal, breed and parity on postpartum reproductive functions in dairy cows. A total of 141 cows were included in the experiment, which was carried out as part of a study on traits affecting longevity in Swedish dairy cows. The cows belonged to 4 different breed-groups and were 1st to 5th calvers. The duration of the study was 3 years and 44 cows were followed during 1 postpartum period, 49 cows during 2 consecutive periods, 43 cows during 3 periods and 5 cows during 4 periods.The cows were clinically examined, by rectal palpation, at 10-day intervals between calving and first AI, which was at first normal oestrus more than 50 days after calving. External signs of heat were checker and recorded three times daily by the herdsmen. Blood samples for progesterone assay were taken at days 10, 15 and 20 after calving and thereafter every 10th day until first AI. Samples taken at days 10, 15 and 20 were also assayed for content of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2α.Heat detection records, records from clinical examinations and plasma progesterone assays were chronologically compiled for each postpartum period and based on this, intervals between calving and postpartum ovulations, recorded uterine involution, 1st and subsequent oestrus and regular reproductive functions were estimated. Least-squares methods were used for the statistical evaluation of data.The results indicate a large variation within and between cows in postpartum reproductive performance. In the total material 1st ovulation occurred before recorded uterine involution and there was a close relationship between 1st ovulatory oestrus and the onset of regular reproductive functions. The interval between calving and 1st ovulation significantly influenced the length of the first cycle in the sense that a large proportion of the early ovulating cows had a short interval between 1st and 2nd postpartum ovulations. The large variations were also evident in the plasma levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2α. There was a marked decline between days 10 and 15 postpartum and most cows were close to basal levels at 20 days postpartum.The individual cow had a significant influence on intervals from calving to recorded uterine involution, 1st ovulatory oestrus, regular reproductive functions and conception. The breed influence was significant for intervals between calving and 1st ovulation and recorded uterine involution whereas the parity of the cow only influenced the interval between calving and recorded uterine involution.  相似文献   

13.
The relationships between the calving to first service interval and several measures of reproductive performance were evaluated in 1738 lactation records from cows in 32 southern Ontario Holstein herds. Lactation records were divided into three mutually exclusive health categories based on the cows' postpartal disease histories.

Relationships between the calving to first service interval and the first service conception rate, number of services per conception and open interval were similar for all three health categories. The first service conception rate was lower and the average number of services per conception higher in cows first bred before 60 days when compared to cows first bred after 60 days. The relationship between the calving to first service interval and the open interval indicated that for each day that breeding was delayed the open interval was extended by 0.86 days.

It appeared that overall conception rates may be lower for cows first bred very early or very late, but differences in the overall conception rate were only significant for cows experiencing a reproductive tract infection. Unless very expensive semen is being used, it is suggested that disease free cows be bred at the first heat occurring after 40 days postpartum, and that cows experiencing postpartal disease be bred at the first heat occurring after 60 days postpartum.

  相似文献   

14.
The effect of parity on the cervical and uterine involution was studied in 79 Finnish dairy cows on a research farm. The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation 3 times a week during 8 weeks postpartum. The diameters of the cervix and uterine horns were estimated manually. The parous uterine horn was compared with the non-parous one. The results were separately analysed in primiparous cows (n = 18) and in those with the third calving (n = 61). A significant difference (p less than 0.001) between the parous and non-parous uterine horns was obtained until 21 days. Thereafter, involution still continued and equal diameters for the horns were not found until 5 weeks after parturition. A decline of the cervical diameter continued until 30 days after the delivery. The parity had no significant effect on the swiftness of uterine or cervical involution. However, in multiparous cows the cervical diameter remained larger than that in the primiparous animals still at 8 weeks postpartum.  相似文献   

15.
The objectives were to investigate the relationships between endometrial cytology (EC) and interval from calving to first ovulation, and pregnancy in dairy cows, and that between uterine fluid and EC. On day 25 postpartum, 39 dairy cows were grouped based on EC, as having low (?8%) or high (>8%) polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), and the quantity of uterine fluid was assessed by ultrasound. The interval from calving to first ovulation was shorter in low, than in high PMN cows (32 vs. 45 d). A greater proportion of cows with uterine fluid had high PMN (64% vs. 21%), and the PMN increased from 14% to 34% as the quantity of uterine fluid increased. The mean interval from calving to ovulation was longer in primiparous cows with high PMN (49 d) compared to that of primiparous and multiparous cows with low PMN (28 and 29 d, respectively). Although the conception rate to first service at 92 d postpartum was not different between PMN groups, the cumulative pregnancy at 270 d tended to be higher in low than in high PMN (80% vs. 58%) multiparous cows. Also, cows that had uterine fluid on day 25 postpartum had a shorter interval from calving to pregnancy than those with no uterine fluid (161 vs. 208 d). In conclusion, combining transrectal ultrasonography with endometrial cytology on day 25 postpartum has diagnostic value in the assessment of uterine inflammation.  相似文献   

16.
Thirty-six postpartum Holstein cows consisting of eighteen cows that shed the placenta soon after calving (NRP) and eighteen cows that retained placenta greater than 24 h (RP) were used. There were four treatment groups. Group I consisted of 9 NRP cows which received intramuscular injection of sterile saline on day 15 postpartum. The second group consisted of 9 NRPN cows which received 100 micrograms of gonadotrophin releasing hormone on day 15 postpartum (NRPT). The third group consisted of 9 RP cows which received saline on day 15 postpartum (RPN) and the fourth group consisted of 9 RP cows which received 100 micrograms of gonadotrophin releasing hormone on day 15 postpartum (RPT). Blood samples were collected once daily during the first month and once every other day during the second month postpartum. In addition fourteen cows (RPT, n = 7; NRPT, n = 7), were used to study short-term changes in serum luteinizing hormone concentrations following gonadotrophin releasing hormone treatment on day 15 postpartum. Blood samples were obtained from these cows every 15 min during 1 h before and 6 h after gonadotrophin releasing hormone administration. Sera from all samples were assayed for progesterone and luteinizing hormone concentrations. Starting from four days after calving rectal palpations and ultrasound examinations of the ovaries were carried out once every four days until day 28 postpartum in order to monitor ovarian changes. All cows were inseminated on the first estrus after day 60 postpartum and examined for pregnancy between 35 and 42 days after insemination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Genital tracts from 15 cows with catarrhal and purulent inflammation of the uterus and uterine tubes, cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium, or hydrosalpinx were evaluated by the use of scanning electron microscopy to determine epithelial changes associated with these conditions. Uterine epithelium was revealed to be easily damaged, even in the course of mild inflammation, whereas epithelium of the uterine tube was more resistant.  相似文献   

18.
Three hundred and five Holstein Friesian cows were given either 250 micrograms gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or saline on day 15 postpartum followed by 500 micrograms cloprostenol or saline on day 24 postpartum. Four treatment groups were formed using random allocation: Group I -- placebo (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group II -- GnRH (Day 15)/placebo (Day 24), Group III -- placebo (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24), Group IV -- GnRH (Day 15)/cloprostenol (Day 24). Double blind techniques were used during the follow-up period. Rectal palpation, to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed just prior to each treatment and again at 28 days postpartum. In addition blood samples were collected at 15, 24 and 28 days postpartum for measurement of plasma progesterone. There were no significant differences among treatment groups with respect to services per conception, number of heats detected before first service and culling for infertility. Cows treated only with GnRH had an increased calving to first estrus and calving to first breeding interval, and tended to have an increased calving to conception interval. Treatment with cloprostenol significantly decreased calving to conception and calving to first observed estrus intervals. Treatment with GnRH on day 15 postpartum resulted in a significant increase in the subsequent incidence of pyometra and prebreeding anestrus. On the other hand, cloprostenol treatment on day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased incidence of pyometra, regardless of GnRH treatment and a decreased incidence of prebreeding anestrus in GnRH treated cows compared to cows receiving only GnRH at day 15 postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
The postpartum reproduction functions of 84 Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian cows were studied on an experimental farm. The cows were divided according to type of feed into 2 groups of equal size: a hay-urea group and a silage group. The duration of the study was 3 years. Eighty-four cows were followed during their first postpartum period, 63 during 2 and 57 during 3 consecutive post partum periods.The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation, and milk samples for progesterone assay were taken 3 times a week between calving and first insemination. External signs of heat were checked 3 times a day by the herdsmen.Intervals from calving to completed uterine and cervical involution, appearance of first palpable follicle, onset of first luteal function and onset of regular ovarian function were recorded. Intervals from calving to the first observed heat and to pregnancy were measured and the rate of successful pregnancies at the first insemination was calculated.Least squares methods were used for evaluation of the effect of individual cow, breed, parity/year and type of feed on postpartum reproductive function.The cows in the herd seemed to have equal reproductive functions which were influenced by the conditions during each year/parity rather than by the breed or type of feed.Individual cow effect was significant for the rapidity of uterine involution. Breed had no significant effect on any of the parameters studied.The effect of type of feed alone was not significant for any parameter, but when studying the intervals from calving to uterine involution and initiation of luteal function differences between the feed groups were noted within parity/year.The percentage of cows showing heat before the first dioestrus (luteal phase) increased with parity/year, and the first dioestrus was shorter than the second. The percentage of cows showing postoestrous bleeding increased with number of oestrous cycles post partum.  相似文献   

20.
Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data analysed were those collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). Cows administered gonadotrophin releasing hormone at day 15 postpartum experienced an improved rate of uterine involution as determined by rectal palpation nine days later. Although this improved rate of uterine involution reduced the risk of pyometritis, it actually directly delayed conception. Also, gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy directly resulted in an increased incidence of pyometritis which in turn resulted in an increase incidence of cystic ovarian disease and anestrus. The occurrence of these abnormalities resulted in increased intervals from calving to first observed estrus, first service and conception. In addition to this effect, the administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone was also associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations at days 24 and 28 postpartum which delayed conception. Cloprostenol therapy at day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased plasma progesterone concentration at day 28 postpartum which was directly and indirectly associated with a decrease in the calving to conception interval. The indirect effects were mediated by a reduction in days to first estrus. Cloprostenol therapy also directly resulted in a decreased calving to first observed estrus interval for reasons not attributable to the level of progesterone at day 28.  相似文献   

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