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栉孔扇贝不同组织中镉的微区分布特征及其变化规律 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为阐明扇贝特异性富集镉(Cd)的机理,研究了栉孔扇贝不同组织中Cd的微区分布特征,并结合Cd的生物动力学实验研究了其变化规律。结果显示空白对照组栉孔扇贝内脏、鳃和性腺组织的Cd主要分布在类金属硫蛋白(MTLP)和细胞器中,闭壳肌组织中Cd主要分布在MTLP(占84.6%)。在Cd的富集实验中,内脏和鳃组织中MTLP和富含金属颗粒(MRG)中Cd的含量和所占百分比升高最显著,而细胞器中Cd的百分比明显下降;性腺组织中MTLP、细胞器和MRG组分中Cd的含量均明显升高,其中MRG中Cd的百分比升高,MTLP和细胞器中Cd的百分比逐渐下降;闭壳肌组织中MTLP和MRG中Cd的含量均显著上升,其中MRG组分中Cd的百分比显著升高。在释放Cd的实验中,内脏和鳃组织的MTLP中Cd的含量显著下降,而细胞器、热敏感蛋白(HSP)和MRG中Cd的含量和所占百分比逐渐升高,性腺组织各亚细胞组分中Cd含量均明显下降,但各亚细胞组分中Cd的百分比变化不明显;闭壳肌组织MTLP和MRG中Cd的含量下降,且MRG组分中Cd所占的百分比不断下降。本研究首次表明栉孔扇贝不同组织中Cd在亚细胞组分中的分布特征不同,并且在富集和释放Cd的过程中,内脏和鳃组织中的Cd在各亚细胞组分中不断发生调节和重新分配。 相似文献
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栉孔扇贝对海水中Pb积累排放规律研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究了海水中Pb在栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律及海水中不同浓度Pb对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积量的影响。结果表明:Pb浓度为0.5mg/L时,各组织内Pb蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第9天均达吸收平衡,此时Pb蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为鳃(1356)>内脏(226.6)>肌肉(52.14);蓄积速率(mg/kg·d-1)为鳃(178.3)>内脏(37.30)>肌肉(10.48)。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中排放结果表明:随排放时间增加各组织铅蓄积量明显下降,第16天时各组织铅排出率为:鳃(96.69%)>内脏(92.09%)>肌肉(71.20)%;排出速率为(mg/kg·d-1):鳃(81.98)>内脏(10.09)>肌肉(3.001)。海水中Pb浓度对Pb蓄积量有明显影响,随着Pb浓度升高,各组织内Pb蓄积量明显上升,其中鳃的蓄积量最大,表明:双壳类软体动物的鳃具有较高的蓄积重金属的能力,并且海水中Pb浓度能提高Pb的生物有效性。 相似文献
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为了探讨水体镉(Cd)污染对鱼类的生态毒理效应,在实验室条件下,测定了不同浓度Cd(0、0.36、0.73、1.09和1.46 mg/L)暴露对鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼半致死浓度、组织(肝、鳃、肌肉)Cd累积量、相对临界游泳速度(Ucrit)、以及耗氧率(MO_2)的影响。结果显示:Cd暴露导致重金属在幼鱼组织中累积,与对照组比较,Cd在鳃和肌肉中累积量差异不显著;肝脏中累积量差异显著,暴露浓度为0.73 mg/L时肝脏中镉累积量最高。鲢幼鱼相对临界游泳速度随着Cd暴露增加显著降低,浓度为1.46 mg/L时Ucrit为对照组的69.75%。临界游泳速度与鳃和肌肉组织中镉累积量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.96(P=0.01)和-0.90(P=0.04)。Cd暴露导致鲢幼鱼耗氧代谢范围增加,暴露浓度为0.73 mg/L时耗氧代谢范围较对照组增加了19.32%。低浓度Cd暴露导致鳃和肌肉损伤,并引起鲢幼鱼游泳过程中耗氧代谢效率降低,有氧运动能力和游泳能力下降。 相似文献
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铜在栉孔扇贝组织蓄积、分配、排放的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用暴露实验方法,研究了海水中铜离子在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律。结果表明:铜浓度为0.05 mg/L时,各组织内铜蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大,第13天均达吸收平衡,此时铜蓄积量(mg/kg干重)为:鳃79.65>内脏58.40>肌肉15.99;蓄积速率(mg/kg.d)为:鳃4.830>内脏4.800>肌肉1.000。将达到吸收平衡后的栉孔扇贝移入清洁海水中,排放结果表明:随排放时间增加,各组织铜离子蓄积量明显下降,第17天时各组织铜排出率为:鳃97.68%>内脏96.50%>肌肉73.60%;排出速率为(mg/kg.d)为:鳃3.820>内脏3.210>肌肉0.740。海水中铜浓度对铜蓄积量有明显影响,随着铜浓度升高,各组织内铜蓄积量明显上升,其中内脏团的蓄积量最大;表明栉孔扇贝的内脏团具有较高的蓄积重金属铜的能力。 相似文献
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为探讨扇贝内脏团中微生态系统与扇贝高能力富集镉(Cd)的关系,从自然环境中采集的栉孔扇贝内脏团中分离、纯化了2株耐Cd细菌(编号为菌株A和B),运用16S rDNA基因序列进行分子鉴定,通过金属吸附实验研究了耐Cd菌株对Cd的吸附能力及其对Cd的吸附特性,并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜相结合的方法研究了Cd胁迫条件下耐镉菌株细胞形态与结构变化,探讨了其对Cd的吸附机理。结果显示,2株菌株(A和B)在固体培养基上能耐受Cd的浓度分别为100和80 mg/L。经16S rDNA测序鉴定菌株A与Nitratireductor sp.亲源关系最近,菌株B与Ruegeria sp.亲源关系最近。2株菌株对Cd的吸附率远高于铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和铅(Pb)等重金属。在50 mg/L Cd浓度的液体培养基中,菌株A、B对Cd富集量分别为48.57和42.14 mg/g,富集系数分别为971.4和842.8。电镜观察结果显示,经过Cd处理后,2菌株数量均有所减少,细胞中出现空泡,菌株A细胞外沉淀增多,菌株B表面变得粗糙且出现凹陷,表明胞外沉积作用可能是耐Cd菌株对Cd富集作用的重要途径。 相似文献
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Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+对茂名海域文昌鱼酸、碱性磷酸酶的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验结果表明,在Cu2+质量浓度为0.096 mg/L水体中生活的文昌鱼酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)均不受抑制作用,在Cu2+质量浓度为0.16、0.256、0.356 mg/L水体中生活的文昌鱼的ACP、ALP活性均显著受抑制(P＜0.05),随时间延长和质量浓度升高,抑制作用增强.在Zn2+质量浓度达到0.195 mg/L时,文昌鱼的ALP与对照组同期相比受抑制作用显著(P＜0.05),随质量浓度增加,受抑制作用增强;ACP在Zn2+质量浓度达到0.39 mg/L时,文昌鱼ACP第10 d影响不显著(P＞0.05),第20 d和30 d表现出显著(P＜0.05)抑制作用,超过这一质量浓度,受抑制作用增强.在Cd2+水体中生活的文昌鱼ALP在Cd2+质量浓度为0.4 mg/L时,抑制显著(P＜0.05),在此质量浓度水体中的文昌鱼ACP在第30 d测定时也表现为抑制显著(P＜0.05),随时间延长和质量浓度增加,文昌鱼ACP、ALP活性受抑制作用增强,在最高质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时,至中期已经死亡. 相似文献
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镉对海湾扇贝的急性毒性研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
利用水生生物毒性试验方法,分5个浓度进行镉对日照海域海湾扇贝的急性毒性实验,以期对日照海域海湾扇贝养殖提供理论依据。利用概率单位和浓度对数作线性回归,得出镉对海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradiams)在24、48、96h的半致死量LC50,其值分别为5.85、4.52和3.45mg/L。并计算出镉对海湾扇贝的安全质量浓度为0.0345mg/L。实验证明,Cd对海湾扇贝是剧毒性的毒物,海湾扇贝发育越往后期,它对Cd的耐受性就越大。 相似文献
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镉对海湾扇贝的急性毒性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用水生生物毒性试验方法,分5个浓度进行Cd2 对海湾扇贝的急性毒性实验,利用概率单位和浓度对数作线性回归,得出Cd2 对海湾扇贝在24、48、96小时的半致死量LC50,其值分别为5．85、4．52、3．45mg/L。并计算出Cd2 对海湾扇贝的安全质量浓度为0．0345 mg/L。 相似文献
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The concentration of four heavy metals (copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) has been measured in a number of shellfish collected from coastal areas of Scotland. For three shellfish (lobster, crab and scallops) details are given of the distribution of these trace metals within the individual body. The data collected permits only limited conclusions to be made regarding geographical variation. 相似文献
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Elżbieta Kondera Katarzyna Ługowska Piotr Sarnowski 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(1):9-22
The aim of the present study was to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals in various tissues of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio L. exposed to cadmium and copper (a xenobiotic and a microelement). The fish were subjected to short-term (3 h, Cd-S and Cu-S) or long-term (4 weeks, Cd-L and Cu-L) exposures to 100 % 96hLC50 or 10 % 96hLC50, respectively. Blood, gill, liver, head and trunk kidney were isolated weekly from 5 fish of each group for 4 weeks (post-short-term exposure and during long-term exposure). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique was applied to measure concentrations of metals (Cd and Cu) in fish tissues. Initial concentrations of copper in fish tissues were higher than levels of cadmium. Cadmium and copper levels increased in all tissues of metal-exposed fish. After short-term exposures (at higher concentration) and during long-term exposures (at lower concentration), similar changes in metal concentrations were observed. The values of accumulation factor (ratio of final to initial metal concentration) were higher for cadmium as compared to copper. Comparison of metal levels and accumulation factors in various tissues revealed that cadmium and copper showed very high affinity to head kidney of common carp (higher than to other tissues), but accumulation factors for cadmium in trunk, head kidney and liver were much higher than for copper. The concentrations of copper in organs of Cu-exposed fish increased only slightly and quickly returned to the control level, which shows that fish organism easily buffered metal level. On the other hand, concentrations of cadmium considerably increased and remained elevated for a long time which suggests that activation of mechanisms of sequestration and elimination of cadmium required more time. 相似文献
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Juveniles of eight commercially important species of bivalve molluscs (Spisula solidissima, Argopecten irradians, Crassostrea virginica, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria, Ostrea edulis, Mercenaria mercenaria, Placopecten magellanicus) were exposed in the laboratory to the commonly occurring dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium aureolum. Histological analyses of gut tissues indicated that the impact of G. aureolum on the shellfish was species-specific. High rates of mortality were noted in the bay scallop, A. irradians, but not in other molluscan species. There were no pathological differences between control animals and animals fed G. aureolum in S. solidissima, M. arenaria, or M. mercenaria. The most severely affected molluscs were C. virginica and A. irradians. C. virginica did not exhibit differences in digestive gland parameters between control and experimental animals; however, several animals did show significant mantle and gill lesions. Bay scallops exhibited decreased height of absorptive cells and increased lumen diameter after exposure to Gyrodinium suggesting, at least, poor food quality of Gyrodinium. Evidence of toxic effects was not identified in the digestive gland. Several bay scallops also showed variable amounts of inflammation in the kidney associated with protozoal infestations and variable amounts of predominately rod-shaped bacteria within the urinary space. Aquaculturists, especially of scallop species, should monitor for the presence of G. aureolum. Given its large size (25-30 m), G. aureolum could be filtered from incoming water to hatcheries, thus avoiding mass mortalities of spat and juvenile scallops. 相似文献
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为了解并评估天津市某循环水养殖企业的养殖产品重金属安全性和分布规律,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP法)和原子荧光法(AFS法),对该封闭循环水养殖系统中欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)幼鱼、养殖中期和成鱼3个阶段的鱼体肌肉、肝脏和鳃中8种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg)含量进行测定.结果显示,从生长阶段来看,随养殖过程推进,各重金属在欧洲鲈鱼体内分布特征不同,肌肉中As含量随时间增加而增加,最大值为1.93 mg/kg,Cu和Hg则相反,最大值分别为0.354和0.021 mg/kg;肝脏中As、Cd和Cu含量均随时间增加,最大值分别为1.47、1.09和143.00 mg/kg;鳃中As含量随时间增加而增加,最大值为0.321 mg/kg,Cr、Cu、Zn和Hg含量呈先降后升的趋势,最大值分别为0.356、45.8、19.2和0.0137 mg/kg.从组织分布特征来看,As含量为肌肉＞肝脏＞鳃,Cd、Cu和Zn含量均为肝脏＞鳃＞肌肉,Hg含量为肌肉＞鳃＞肝脏,Cr含量为鳃＞肝脏＞肌肉.可食部分,即肌肉中各重金属含量均符合食品安全国家标准(GB 2762-2012),参考鱼体重金属残留污染程度分级,该系统中的欧洲鲈鱼均属于未污染.水体样本,除养殖中期进水中Pb和Cd超标,其余重金属含量均符合我国渔业水质标准(GB 11607-89).表明该养殖系统中重金属污染在安全范围内. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus collected from the East Sea/Sea of Japan were analyzed for cadmium, zinc and copper to elucidate the specific accumulation of heavy metals in various organs of squid of varying size and sex. There was no relationship between the size and sex of squid and the concentrations of heavy metals in various organs. Amongst organs, the liver contained the highest concentrations of all metals and the mantle had the lowest concentrations. In the liver and gills, concentrations of copper were higher than the other metals because of the existence of copper in hemocyanin in the blood. Cadmium showed the highest ratios (L/M) of the concentrations in the liver and in the mantle, even though cadmium in liver had lower concentrations than copper and zinc. This indicates that cephalopods constitute an important source of cadmium for cephalopod predators. The results show that the Japanese common squid is a useful bioindicator of metal pollution in offshore Korean waters. 相似文献
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L Freites C J Lodeiros N Narváez G Estrella & J M F Babarro 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(9):709-718
Growth and survival of the scallop Lyropecten nodosus were studied in 1997 at two sites (inner and outer Turpialito Bay) during a non‐upwelling period normally occurring between August and November. Individuals had an initial shell height of 4.86 cm (SD=1.64 cm). Both experimental groups were held in suspended plastic baskets at the same depth (4 m). Measurements of shell height and dry weights of shell, gonad, digestive gland, remaining tissues and shell biofouling were taken at monthly intervals. Environmental parameters, including temperature, phytoplanktonic biomass, total particulate material (TPM) and associated organic (POM) and inorganic (PIM) fractions, were recorded simultaneously. At the end of the study, significant differences in growth and survival of scallops were observed between the two experimental sites. Scallops maintained inside the bay showed a 22% greater increase in shell height (7.41±0.27 cm) than those placed outside the bay (6.37±0.41 cm). Survival of scallops inside the bay was 31% higher compared with scallops outside. The greater availability of food of phytoplanktonic origin during the first two experimental months (July and August) together with greater POM throughout the whole experimental period except September, at the inner bay site, probably explained survival and growth differences observed between the two locations. Results suggest that, during the non‐upwelling period (characterized by low primary productivity and high water temperatures), POM of sedimentary origin may play an important role as an energy source required for metabolic and reproductive activities of L. nodosus. 相似文献
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