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1.
为掌握凤鲚(Coilia mystus)早期资源在长江口的时空分布特征, 于 2019 年 5—10 月在长江口沿岸水域设置 10 个调查站点, 对凤鲚的仔、稚鱼及其环境因子进行逐月采样, 统计分析了凤鲚的体长、发育期及丰度等数据, 研究了凤鲚在长江口的主要繁殖时间及早期个体分布情况, 并利用 GAM 模型分析了丰度分布与环境因子的相关性。结果表明, 5—10 月是长江口凤鲚的主要繁殖期, 其中 5—8 月为繁殖盛期。长江口北支的东旺沙-北八滧-启隆乡沿岸水域为凤鲚仔稚鱼主要分布水域, 为长江口凤鲚的重要育幼场。GAM 分析结果表明, 长江口凤鲚仔稚鱼的分布主要受盐度、温度和溶解氧的影响, 3 个环境因子均对凤鲚仔稚鱼丰度的影响显著(P＜0.05), GAM 最优模型偏差解释率为 65.50%。凤鲚仔稚鱼的最适盐度在 5~12, 温度在 20~28 ℃时相对适宜, 凤鲚仔稚鱼生长适宜的溶解氧为 5.2~8.0 mg/L。 相似文献
2.
尖吻鲈仔、稚鱼异速生长研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以16日龄尖吻鲈(Lates calarifer)为仔、稚鱼发育的区分节点,采用Auto CAD 2014软件对尖吻鲈(孵化后1~36 d)关键器官进行测量和分析。研究发现,在尖吻鲈仔、稚鱼的感觉、呼吸、摄食和游泳等重要器官分化的过程中,均表现出异速生长现象。头部器官中,吻长、口宽在仔、稚鱼期表现出生长速率不同的正异速生长;眼径在仔鱼期为等速生长,稚鱼期转化为负异速生长;仔鱼期的头高为正异速生长,稚鱼期转为负异速生长。在躯干部分器官中,头长在仔、稚鱼阶段均为快速生长,体高及躯干长为等速生长。游泳器官中,仔鱼期,尖吻鲈胸鳍保持等速生长,稚鱼期转为正异速生长;尾鳍在仔鱼期为负异速生长,稚鱼期转化为等速生长,而稚鱼期起始分化的背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍为快速生长。 相似文献
3.
长江口凤鲚繁殖群体的年龄结构和生长特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2014年4~8月于凤鲚(Coilia mystus)繁殖盛期在长江口逐月采样,对凤鲚繁殖群体的雌性个体的年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。年龄结构为1~3龄,共3个年龄组,其中1~2龄个体占87.06%。繁殖群体的平均体长和体质量分别为(151.66±21.13)mm、(16.97±6.34)g。体长与体质量关系为W=1.63×10~(-5)L~(2.75)(n=124,R~2=0.935 3),显著性差异检验表明凤鲚属于匀速生长类型(P0.05)。体长和体质量von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为:L_t=205.85[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02)(],W_t=38.31[1-e~(-0.48(t+1.02))]2.75。体长生长速度曲线不具拐点;体质量生长速度的拐点年龄为1.11龄,与最小性成熟年龄一致,拐点年龄时对应的体长和体质量分别为131.02 mm和11.05 g。研究认为,长江口凤鲚繁殖群体低龄群体所占比例较大且体型有变小趋势。为更好地利用和保护凤鲚资源,应在拐点年龄之后进行捕捞。 相似文献
4.
长江口凤鲚幼鱼的耳石微结构、日龄与生长 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年7月、8月和9月在长江口区域从小型拖网和张网渔获物中获取凤鲚幼鱼,摘取矢耳石进行耳石微结构分析,确定凤鲚幼鱼的日龄和孵化日期,分析个体早期生长过程.凤鲚幼鱼的体长范围为25.6～63.2 mm,矢耳石形状与成鱼耳石相似,为不规则扁椭球形,只有—个翼状突起.耳石横截面磨片上具有一个核和一个原基.耳石原基的直径为12.5 ～ 22.8μm,平均为(14.3±4.8) μm(n =111).耳石核中心到第一个生长轮的距离为(24.9±6.4)μm(n=44).生长轮在耳石长轴上排列较疏且不清晰,短轴上较密但清晰.凤鲚幼鱼的日龄为54～128 d,对应的孵化日期为2007年4月10日至7月23日,高峰期为2007年5月1 1日至6月26日.耳石半径(R)与标准体长(LS)间呈显著的线性相关关系,回归方程为LS=6.68 +0.065R.凤鲚幼鱼前20个生长轮宽度较窄,并有逐渐变窄的趋势,第20日轮之后,生长轮宽度逐渐变宽,至第50日轮后生长轮宽度趋于稳定. 相似文献
5.
为探索温度对四川华鳊(Sinibrama taeniatus)仔、稚鱼早期发育的影响,本研究以刚出膜且发育正常的四川华鳊仔鱼为研究对象,共设置16℃、19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃和31℃ 6个温度梯度,并定期观察仔、稚鱼的生长发育进程。整个发育过程分为开口摄食、卵黄囊消失、鳞片出现、鳞被完整4个阶段,统计各阶段的发育天数并测定全长、体长、体重等生长参数,统计死亡数量,旨在掌握仔、稚鱼发育阶段的最适生长温度。结果显示,温度对仔、稚鱼生长发育影响较大。随着温度的升高,仔、稚鱼的发育进程加快,28℃、31℃组鳞被完整的时间均早于其他温度组,但与25℃组的时间差距不大。从全长和体重来看,28℃组均最大,25℃与31℃次之。随着温度的升高,四川华鳊仔、稚鱼存活率先上升后下降,22℃~28℃存活率均较高,其中,25℃组存活率最高。四川华鳊仔、稚鱼的全长(L)和日龄(D)的关系拟合函数相关系数值均达到0.99以上,表明Cubic生长模型能很好地反映其在不同温度条件下随日龄的生长情况。综合四川华鳊仔、稚鱼的发育进程、生长指标及存活率可知,25℃~28℃为四川华鳊仔、稚鱼生长发育的适宜温度。 相似文献
6.
研究中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)耳石的发育和生长特征,补充早期生物学资料,为进一步研究该鱼野生资源的早期生活史特征提供基础数据。在实验室养殖条件下观察了乌江中华倒刺鲃仔、稚鱼及3种耳石的形态发育过程和生长特点。结果表明,在水温(26.0±2.1)℃下,初孵仔鱼微耳石和矢耳石已经形成,星耳石在仔鱼出膜后第6天出现。在形态发育过程中,微耳石由出膜时的近圆形经卵圆形发育成贻贝形,且中心核位置偏移到前端靠近背侧;矢耳石由近圆形经卵圆形发育成箭矢状;星耳石由逗号形发育成不规则四边形。3种耳石形态发育的各阶段与鱼体发育阶段存在一定的对应关系。在生长上,仔稚鱼鱼体、3种耳石的长径和短径与日龄均呈显著的线性关系(P0.001),鱼体全长与3种耳石长径呈现出显著的线性关系(P0.001),仔稚鱼鱼体、3种耳石的特定生长率随日龄增加均呈下降趋势。 相似文献
7.
卵形鲳鲹胚后发育阶段鳃的分化和发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用组织学和扫描电镜等方法,鲹研究了卵形鲳(Trachinotus ovatus)胚后发育阶段鳃的分化和发育及其结构和功能的关系。观察发现,仔稚鱼鳃的早期发育可分为3个阶段:第1阶段(0~3日龄)为原基期,鳃原基形成但未分化,鳃耙未出现,仔鱼主要依靠鳍褶、皮肤和卵黄囊上的微血管进行呼吸;第2阶段(4~17日龄)为鳃丝分化、发育期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙逐渐形成,具备鳃的基本结构和形态特点;第3阶段(18日龄之后)为鳃器官生长发育完善期,鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片、鳃耙发育完善,鳃的形态和功能与成鱼相似。进一步研究发现,鳃丝总数随仔稚鱼全长和体质量的增加而增加,单个鳃小片面积和总呼吸面积随仔稚鱼体质量的增加而增大。结果表明,卵形鲳鲳鲹的分化和发育是与仔、稚鱼的生长、形态发育和功能的完善相一致的。 相似文献
8.
长江口沿岸碎波带刀鲚仔稚鱼的数量分布 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
2007年5-10月,每月大潮期间在长江口沿岸碎波带13个站位用小型拖网各采样1次.195次拖网共采获刀鲚(Coilia nasus)仔稚鱼9 358尾,体长范围为3.0～61.2mm,优势体长为6.0～25.0 mm,以10.0～16.0 mm的弯曲期和13.0～21.0 mm的后弯曲期仔鱼为主.采获数量以7月最高,占总数55.0%,主要分布在长江口南支和北支上游,有3个站位(St.5、St.7、St.10)数量较高.其中有1个站位(St.7)刀鲚仔鱼的平均体长按月呈递增趋势,表明刀鲚仔稚鱼有利用沿岸碎波带作为早期生长场所的习性.根据刀鲚仔稚鱼在长江口沿岸碎波带分布和数量变动的调查结果,结合目前刀鲚成鱼资源量贫乏的现状,建议有关部门限制鳗苗定置网等作业,并加强对沿岸碎波带保育场的保护. 相似文献
9.
卵形鲳鲹仔稚鱼异速生长的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以传统的理论生物学研究方法,对孵化后卵形鲳鲹1~36日龄仔、稚鱼各器官测量和分析,研究其在早期环境适应上的异速生长及其生态学含义,以期为卵形鲳鲹的人工繁殖、育苗提供参考。试验结果表明,卵形鲳鲹仔、稚鱼的感觉、呼吸、摄食和游泳等器官快速分化,均存在异速生长现象。在头部器官中,吻长、口宽、眼径和头高在仔鱼期均为正异速生长,稚鱼期头高为等速生长,吻长、眼径和口宽为负异速生长。在身体各部位中,仔鱼期头长、体高和尾长为正异速生长,躯干长为负异速生长;稚鱼期各部分皆为等速生长;在游泳器官中,仔鱼期卵形鲳鲹胸鳍长、尾鳍高和臀鳍长为正异速生长,尾鳍长为等速生长,背鳍长为负异速生长;稚鱼期背鳍长和臀鳍长为正异速生长,胸鳍长、尾鳍长和尾鳍高为等速生长。卵形鲳鲹这些关键部位的快速发育,使外源性营养开始后以最小的代谢损耗获得了生存能力的显著提升,对适应复杂的生存压力具有重要的生态学意义。 相似文献
10.
为了解黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)胚后发育特点,对其早期发育阶段进行了形态学观察,并对其各时期的形态特征和生长特性进行了描述与分析。根据卵黄囊和油球消失、仔鱼开口与摄食、鳍膜消退、鳍棘变化、色素沉积和全身被鳞等发育特征,把黄斑篮子鱼胚后发育分为仔鱼期(包括早期仔鱼和后期仔鱼)、稚鱼期和幼鱼期。黄斑篮子鱼初孵仔鱼全长(1.913±0.105) mm,在水温23~24.3℃,3日龄开口;6日龄卵黄囊和油球被完全吸收,进入后期仔鱼期;17日龄鳍膜消失,各鳍发育基本完成,进入稚鱼期;33日龄鳞片覆盖全身,完成变态,外部形态特征与成鱼相近,进入幼鱼期。仔稚鱼生长随日龄的增长呈现出先快后慢再快的生长趋势;第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘出膜后随日龄不断伸长,28日龄长到最大值,之后逐渐收缩。 相似文献
11.
Abstract – Relationships between fish length, otolith size, age and weight were assessed for a population of wild Australian smelt ( Retropinna semoni ) larvae and juveniles captured over a 4-year period to aid further interpretation of growth and condition during the early life history of the species. Nonlinear smoothed generalized additive models best described the fish–otolith size relationship during the larval and juvenile period, indicating that the proportionality between fish length and otolith size varies in relation to size. It is proposed that back-calculated predictions of fish size at a previous age or otolith size, accounting for individual variation is possible by assuming a body proportional hypothesis. Growth rate of larval and juvenile Australian smelt was best described using the Gompertz model that indicated a steady decline in growth rate after around 30 days of age. The allometric growth of larval and juvenile Australian smelt established from the length/weight relationship can subsequently be used to assess the condition of fish within this population using a relative condition or relative weight condition index. The results of the study have provided significant information to enable more precise growth reconstruction and condition assessment for the species in Australian lowland rivers. 相似文献
12.
Motomitsu Takahashi Chiyuki Sassa Satoshi Kitajima Mari Yoda Youichi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Oceanography》2022,31(1):70-83
Growth traits of juvenile Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were estimated based on otolith daily increments in spring during 2011–2016 in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan (SWSJ). Spatial variability in growth traits was examined between the western and eastern areas of the study area. Back-calculated body length at 50 days post hatch varied among areas and years between 26 and 40 mm. Body lengths at age in the eastern area were significantly smaller than those in the western area. Slower growth rate in the eastern area was associated with the lower ambient temperature in the eastern area than in the western area. In the eastern area, interannual variations in the instantaneous growth rate positively correlated with ambient temperature. Furthermore, interannual variations in back-calculated body length during the late larval and early juvenile stages positively correlated with the juvenile abundance. These results suggest that the thermal conditions in the eastern area are indicative of the growth rate and abundance of juvenile T. japonicus in SWSJ. We further examined relationships between juvenile abundance and thermal conditions during 2003–2019 using archived data of this survey and found that the ambient temperature in the eastern area positively correlated with the juvenile abundance and also the strength of the Tsushima Warm Current. Thus, higher temperatures derived from the Tsushima Warm Current result in a faster growth rate during the late larval and early juvenile stages and subsequently higher abundance of T. japonicus juveniles in SWSJ. 相似文献
13.
Interannual differences in growth and hatch‐date distributions of early juvenile European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay: implications for recruitment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Naroa Aldanondo Unai Cotano Nerea Goikoetxea Guillermo Boyra Leire Ibaibarriaga Xabier Irigoien 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(2):147-163
In order to understand better the recruitment variability in European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay, it is important to investigate the processes that affect survival during the early life stages. Anchovy juvenile growth trajectories and hatch‐date distributions were inferred over a 3‐year period based on otolith microstructure analysis. Otolith growth trajectories showed a characteristic shape depending on their hatch‐date timing. Earlier‐born juveniles had notably broader maximum increments than later born conspecifics, resulting in higher growth rates. This observation suggests that early hatching would be beneficial for larval and juvenile growth, and, therefore, survival. The estimated juvenile hatch‐date distributions were relatively narrow compared with the extended anchovy spawning season (March–August) in the Bay of Biscay and indicated that only individuals originated mainly from the summer months (June–August) survived until autumn. Hatch‐date distributions were markedly different among years and seemed to influence the interannual recruitment strength of anchovy. We conclude that years characterized by juvenile survivors originating from the peak spawning period (May and June) would lead to considerable recruitment success. Downwelling events during the peak spawning period seem to affect larval survival. Furthermore, size‐dependent overwinter mortality would be an additional process that regulates recruitment strength in the anchovy population in the Bay of Biscay. 相似文献
14.
大黄鱼仔稚鱼不同发育阶段矢耳石形态发育和微结构特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对人工培育大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的生长发育与矢耳石形态及微结构特征进行研究,结果表明:(1)大黄鱼矢耳石上的轮纹是每日形成的,第1日轮在孵化后第2天形成,与其初次摄食相对应。(2)大黄鱼卵黄囊期和前弯曲期仔鱼的耳石形态为圆形,进入弯曲期耳石长轴迅速伸长,在后弯曲期耳石形态变为椭圆形。进入稚鱼期,矢耳石开始形成次生核。随后次生核数量逐渐增加,在孵化后47～78 d的个体中,次生核数量稳定在5～7个,耳石近似盾形。(3)根据耳石日轮宽度推算的大黄鱼稚鱼在其仔鱼期生长率(b)与第1个次生核的形成时间(tsp1)之间存在明显的线性关系,表明生长较快的个体形成次生核的时间较早,进入稚鱼期所需的时间更短。以上结论表明,大黄鱼矢耳石可以反演其早期生活史阶段的生长发育特征。 相似文献
15.
Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were reared from eggs to the juvenile life stage to study daily increment formation in the sagittae otoliths, which are routinely used for age and growth analyses. The apparent deposition of sub-daily growth increments becomes problematic for determining fish age from the late larval stage throughout the juvenile (young-of-the-year) development stage. Otolith marking experiments were conducted to determine interpretation criteria to differentiate between daily and sub-daily increments. Immersion of larval and transforming walleye pollock in 25 mg/l of alizarin complexone (ALC) for 6 h once a week produced a fluorescent mark on the day of staining. Evidence of six well defined and equally spaced increments counted between the weekly ALC marks validated the deposition of daily increments. The daily increments gradually increased in width as the fish/otolith grew. The criteria for determining the presence of sub-daily increments between the daily increments were (1) weak optical definition and (2) a sudden change in incremental distance that lasted for one or two increments and were approximately <0.5 μm in width. Growth problems that occurred during the experiments were identified on otoliths as reductions in daily incremental widths and optical definition, which continued for several days. Otoliths from field-collected fish have also shown similar changes in daily increment properties during the juvenile stage, which may be an indicator of an environmental influence. The criteria for defining different increment types help to resolve our current age determination issues for late larval and early juvenile stage walleye pollock from the Gulf of Alaska. 相似文献
16.
Larvae and juveniles of Coilia ectenes were collected in the Yangtze Estuary during June through September 2009 and in May 2011. Our objectives were to reveal the otolith microstructural pattern, and then to reveal the early growth and development process through otolith analysis for C. ectenes. A total of 368 individuals, ranging 4.4–81.2 mm body length (BL) and spanning a continuum from yolk-sac larvae to early juveniles, were analyzed. There is a single primordium in the core of the sagittal otolith, surrounded by a prominent dark band (PD-band) and a wide light area (WL-area). Regular bipartite increments deposit outside of the WL-area. Similar to other Engraulidae species, the PD-band forms corresponding to hatching, increments form daily, and the first increment forms on the 3rd day post hatching, corresponding to the first feeding. The relationship of otolith radius and BL was significantly fitted to a piecewise regression with the inflection point at 34.0 mm BL. Mid-age and mid-size of transition from yolk-sac to preflexion was calculated as 5 days and 6.1 mm BL, from preflexion to flexion was 18 days and 15.2 mm BL, and from flexion to postflexion 29 days and 21.5 mm BL. Mid-size from postflexion to juvenile was 26.6 mm BL. These results can provide an essential basis for future studies on early-life ecology of this species. 相似文献
17.
Otolith increment width and larval fish data (length and weight) were used to develop an individual‐based model (IBM) to describe daily resolved growth rates of North Sea herring (Clupea harengus) larvae (Autumn Spawners) caught during International Herring Larvae Surveys in the ICES area IVa from 1990 to 1998. The model combines sagittal otolith readings (core and individual increment measurements), larval standard length and weight data, and solves an over‐determined set of linear system equations for all parameters using the method of least square residuals. The model consists of a matrix, which describes the increment width formation of 119 larvae, a vector containing their length/weight measurements, and a vector describing residuals. The solution vector yields age‐dependent maximum somatic growth rates of herring larvae up to an age of 41 days with sizes ranging from 10 to 25 mm. The observed environmental temperature in which larvae dwelled was relatively uniform. Therefore, measured increment width was individually used to determine daily growth from any single larva in relation to their potential maximum growth under optimal feeding conditions. The results are discussed with respect to the spatial and temporal variability of larval occurrence. Finally, an analysis of error estimation of the larval growth characteristics is presented. 相似文献
18.
HANS‐HARALD HINRICHSEN RUDI VOSS BASTIAN HUWER CATRIONA CLEMMESEN 《Fisheries Oceanography》2010,19(6):463-479
Plankton sampling was conducted in the Baltic to obtain sprat larvae. Their individual drift patterns were back‐calculated using a hydrodynamic model. The modelled positions along the individual drift trajectories were subsequently used to provide insight into the environmental conditions experienced by the larvae. Autocorrelation analysis revealed that successive otolith increment widths of individual larvae were not independent. Otolith increment width was then modelled using two different generalized additive model (GAM) analyses (with and without autocorrelation), using environmental variables determined for each modelled individual larval position as explanatory variables. The results indicate that otolith growth was not only influenced by the density of potential prey but was controlled by a number of simultaneously acting environmental factors. The final model, not considering autocorrelation, explained more than 80% of the variance of otolith growth, with larval age as a factor variable showing the strongest significant impact on otolith growth. Otolith growth was further explained by statistically significant ambient environmental factors such as temperature, bottom depth, prey density and turbulence. The GAM analysis, taking autocorrelation into account, explained almost 98% of the variability, with the previous otolith increment showing the strongest significant effect. Larval age as well as ambient temperature and prey abundance also had a significant effect. An alternative approach applied individual‐based model (IBM) simulations on larval drift, feeding, growth and survival starting as exogenously feeding larvae at the back‐calculated positions. The IBM results revealed optimal growth conditions for more than 97% of the larvae, with a tendency for our IBM to slightly overestimate larval growth. 相似文献
19.
水体钙离子质量浓度对褐牙鲆幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在盐度30和水温20 ℃条件下,分别配制钙离子ρ（Ca2＋）质量浓度为200 mg·L-1（A组）、400 mg·L-1（B组,对照）、800 mg·L-1（C组）、1 600 mg·L-1（D组）和3 000 mg·L-1（E组）的人工海水,研究了水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响。经60 d养殖发现褐牙鲆鱼体中仅钙（Ca）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）质量分数差异不显著（P〉0.05）;鱼体中磷（P）、钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、锶（Sr）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和镍（Ni）质量分数随水体ρ（Ca2＋）的增加而下降。不同ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆幼鱼耳石长、宽、长宽比和耳石质量影响显著（P〈0.05）。低浓度A组耳石长和耳石宽显著低于B组和C组,A组耳石长宽比（L/W）显著低于D组,A组的耳石质量显著低于B组和D组（P〈0.05）。其中w（Sr）随ρ（Ca2＋）的增加显著下降,锶/钙（Sr/Ca）比、镁/钙（Mg/Ca）比随ρ（Ca2＋）增加而下降。结果表明,水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆鱼体成分、耳石形成及组分产生明显影响,ρ（Ca2＋）能够影响鱼体和耳石元素的累积。 相似文献