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1.
Effect of bunt infection on the frost resistance of wheat varieties and of lines containing Bt genes
In artificial infection experiments carried out in the nursery in Martonvásár in 1991, 1992 and 1993, studies were made on the bunt infection of wheat varieties bred in Martonvásár and of monogenic lines containing known resistance genes (Bll to Btl0, respectively). This was followed in 1993 by tests on the frost resistance of healthy wheat seedlings and wheat seedlings artificially infected with bunt in the frost-testing chamber of the Martonvásár phytotron. During the period of the experiment, the local pathogen population was avirulent to genes Bt9 and Btl0, and virulent to Bt7. Monogeniclines containing resistance genes Bt4, Bt5, Bt6 and Bt8 had good resistance, while that of lines containing Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 was only moderate. Among the cultivated varieties, only three proved to be moderately resistant (Martonvásári 17′,‘Martonvásári 23′,‘Fatima 2′), while the remainder were susceptible or very susceptible. The frost resistance of plants infected with bunt was significantly lower, over an average of the varieties, than that of healthy plants. A close (r = 0.890) correlation was found between the bunt susceptibility of the varieties tested and the increase in frost kill due to infection, while no correlation was observed in this respect for monogenic lines containing various resistance genes (Bt). 相似文献
2.
N. Nsarellah A. Amri M. M. Nachit M. EL Bouhssini S. Lhaloui C. Lorenzoni 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(5):435-437
Hessian fly is an important pest of wheat on the North American continent and the temperate Mediterranean drylands. Yield losses caused by this insect in Morocco are the heaviest in the Mediterranean region and are estimated to be 36% on average. Genetic resistance to Mediterranean Hessian fly biotypes has not been found in durum wheat, although large numbers of durum accessions were screened. Genes for resistance were found in common wheat; some of which are transferable to durum. However, there is a need to broaden the genetic base for resistance in durum wheat. The objective of this work was to introgress resistance from selected Triticum araraticum and T. carthlicum accessions using multiple backcross methodology. The experimental recipient durum wheat included numerous adapted and high‐yielding lines. Testing for Hessian fly resistance under controlled conditions and field yield data showed that this programme yields Hessian fly‐resistant durum lines with good yields and adaptation. 相似文献
3.
Gyula Vida Mariann Gál Andrea Uhrin Ottó Veisz Naeem Hasan Syed Andrew J. Flavell Zhulin Wang Zoltán Bedő 《Euphytica》2009,170(1-2):67-76
The resistance genes Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35 and Lr37, which were not previously utilised in Hungary, have been incorporated into four Martonvásár winter wheat cultivars using marker-assisted selection with PCR-based markers. In the course of a backcross programme, the genes were transferred into Martonvásár wheat varieties and various BC generations were produced. Work aimed at pyramiding resistance genes is currently underway in Martonvásár, and plants containing the gene combinations Lr9 + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr25 and Lr9 + Lr29 are now available. From the BC2F4 generation of the ‘Mv Emma’*3/’R.L.6010’ combination (‘R.L.6010’ is the donor of the Lr9 gene) 287 lines were tested for leaf rust resistance in an artificially inoculated nursery. A co-dominant primer combination was designed to identify both resistant and susceptible offsprings. The results of resistance tests and molecular marker detection agreed in most cases. Designated leaf rust resistance genes were identified with molecular markers in wheat varieties and breeding lines. The Lr26 and Lr34 resistance genes occur frequently in the Martonvásár gene pool, and the presence of the Lr37 gene has also been detected in a number of Hungarian genotypes. 相似文献
4.
S. S. Maan 《Euphytica》1973,22(2):287-300
Summary The F1 hybrids from crosses of 59 accessions of wild and cultivated Triticum types including amphidiploids T. boeoticum-Ae. squarrosa, T. timopheevi-Ae. squarrosa, T. timopheevi-T. monococcum, T. boeoticum (4n), T. macha, and T. Zhukovskyi with T. durum Sel. 56-1 and/or T. aestivum were examined for male sterility and chromosome pairing at metaphase I of meiosis in pollen mother cells. Those hybrids which produced male-sterile F1's were recurrently backrossed with pollen from T. durum or T. aestivum to study segregation for male sterility and/or to confirm cytoplasmic male sterility.All T. timopheevi and T. araraticum accessions and several T. dicoccoides types, including T. dicoccoides var. nudiglumis from the Turkey-Iran-Iraq area, had male sterility inducing cytoplasm. The chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrids indicated that all tetraploid Triticum accessions with male sterility inducing cytoplasm had genome AAGG. T. dicoccoides
Körn types from the Turkey-Iran-Iraq area had genomes AABB and did not have male sterility inducing cytoplasm. Therefore, T. dicoccoides
Körn and the T. timopheevi complex differ from each other cytoplasmically and cytogenetically and occur sympatrically in the Turkey-Iran-Iraq area.Possibly, the cytoplasm of the emmers was not derived from the putative diploid progenitors, T. boeoticum, Ae. speltoides, or Ae. bicornis as indicated by their nucleo-cytoplasmic and cytogenetic relationships with the tetraploid Triticum species. The cytoplasmic differences among Ae. speltoides, T. araraticum and T. timopheevi are of a relatively smaller magnitude than the cytoplasmic differences among T. timopheevi, T. boeoticum, and the emmers. A complete analysis of nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships among Triticum and Aegilops species may indicate the cytoplasmic donor(s) to the two tetraploid Triticum species complexes.Authorized for publication 19 July, 1972 as Paper No 397 in the Journal Series of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations. 相似文献
5.
A total of 259 accessions of wild Triticum species originating from different countries, along with 91 triticale (6×)× bread wheat true-breeding derivatives, two bread wheat, and three triticale cultivars were screened for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, a serious insect pest of the wheat crop. Twenty-four entries with low damage ratings on the basis of amount of leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis were retested along with resistant and susceptible controls. On the basis of leaf roll damage ratings, eight entries including four Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum (T. boeoticum), one T. monococcum var. monococcum (T. monococcum), two T. timopheevii var. araraticum (T. araraticum), and one triticale cultivar were significantly superior to ‘Karl’ (susceptible control) wheat. Among these, four accessions — three T. boeoticum and one T. araraticum— were significantly superior to all other entries and were equal to the resistant control (PI 372129) in resistance rating based on leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis (except T. boeoticum TA 202). The leaf chlorosis damage rating of all accessions were significantly lower than that of the susceptible check. 相似文献
6.
Wheat-barley translocations were identified by genomicin situ hybridization (GISH) in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) × barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. The regenerated hybrids were pollinated with the wheat line Martonvásári 9 kr1. Five translocated
wheat-barley chromosomes were recovered among 51 BC2F2 progeny from the in vitro regenerated wheat × barley hybrids. All were single breakpoint translocations with the relative positions of the breakpoints
ranging from the centromere to about 0.8 of the relative arm length. Of the four translocations with intercalary breakpoints,
three were transfers of terminal barley segments to wheat chromosomes; one was a transfer of a terminal wheat segment to a
barley chromosome. Because of the absence of diagnostic N-bands, the identity of three barley segments could not be determined;
in one translocation the barley chromosome involved had a NOR so it must have been 5H or 6H, and the centric translocation
was 4HS.2BL. Following selfing, homozygotes of four translocations were selected. The experiment suggests that in vitro culture conditions are conducive for major genome rearrangements in wheat-barley hybrids.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
8.
Polymorphism of two waxy proteins in the emmer group of tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, and T. durum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gel-electrophoretic analyses detected polymorphism of two waxy (Wx) proteins, Wx-Al and Wx-Bl, in 334 accessions of the emmer group of tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, T. dicoccum and T. durum. The null allele for the Wx-Al protein (Wx-Alb) was found in one accession of T. dicoccoides and seven of T. dicoccum, but it was not present in those T. durum accessions analysed. The null allele for the Wx-Bl protein (Wx-Blb) did not occur in three emmer-wheat species. Wx-Al and Wx-Bl proteins showing alteration in mobility in SDS-PAGE gel or in isoelectric points were found in five accessions and considered to be the products of new alleles, Wx-Ald, Wx-Ale and/or Wx-Bld. Densitometric analysis of Wx protein bands revealed that Wx-Al was present in smaller amounts than Wx-B1 in almost all accessions. 相似文献
9.
The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum(Rondani), the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the bird cherry oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi(L.), annually cause several million dollars worth of wheat production losses in Europe and the United States. In this study,
Triticum and Aegilops accessions from the Czech Research Institute of Crop Production and the Kansas State University Wheat Genetic Resources Center
were evaluated for resistance to these aphids. Accessions with aphid cross-resistance were examined for expression of the
antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance categories of resistance. Aegilops neglecta accession 8052 exhibited antibiotic effects toward all three aphids in the form of reduced intrinsic rate of increase (rm). The rm of greenbug (biotype I) on Ae. neglecta 8052 was significantly lower than that of greenbugs on plants of the susceptible U. S. variety Thunder bird. The rm of Russian wheat aphids was significantly lower on foliage of both Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum accession 168 compared to Thunderbird. The rm values of bird cherry oat aphids fed both Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum 168 were also significantly lower than those fed the susceptible accession T. dicoccoides 62. Neither Ae. neglecta 8052 or T. araraticum 168 exhibited tolerance to either greenbug biotype I or Russian wheat aphid. Preliminary data suggest that T. araraticum 168 may also possess tolerance to bird cherry oat aphid. New genes from Ae. neglecta 8052 and T. araraticum 168 expressing aphid antibiosis can be used to develop multiple aphid resistant wheat in the U. S. and Central Europe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
In order to reveal the molecular genetic diversity of wheat wild relatives, an AFLP analysis was conducted with 16 accessions
of five Triticum andAegilops species originating from the Near East. Variation within population was studied with at least seven individuals per accession.
Four primer combinations were used for selective amplification. Based on the scored bands, we estimated percentage of polymorphic
bands, 1 – proportion of shared bands (1-psb) and nucleotide diversity (π). Of the five species used in this study, Ae.
speltoides had the highest level of `within population' variation. This species had also the highest value of the variation among populations.
As for Triticum species, the level of variation within population was low in diploid species (T. urartu and T. boeoticum),whereas two tetraploid species (T. dicoccoides and T. araraticum) had relatively high levels of variation within population. While the two diploid Triticum indicated a clear interspecific divergence, the two tetraploid wild wheats were not clearly divergent in this study. The
variance portioning analysis indicated that the variation detected for diploid Triticum species was mainly composed of `between species' variation, on the other hand that for tetraploid Triticum was mostly composed of `within population' variation. In conclusion, AFLP analysis reveals molecular variation in all accessions
used in this study, suggesting a potential genetic diversity of the wheat wild relatives in natural populations. These results
have implications for the design of strategies to maintain genetic diversity within genebank collections.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
12.
Summary An investigation into the inheritance of pre-harvest germination (sprouting) in male sterile wheat is described. Sprouting does not occur in material which is hand emasculated prior to anthesis, but is present in cytoplasmic male-sterile lines. Thus sprouting appears to be associated with the interaction between the T. timopheevi cytoplasm and nuclei from T. aestivum. Different T. aestivum nuclei in T. timopheevi cytoplasm produce different sprouting tendencies. 相似文献
13.
A disease (powdery mildew, leaf rust) resistant line was selected from the progenies of a Triticum aestivum × Triticum timopheevii amphiploid produced at Martonvásár. This line was previously identified with C-banding as a 6G(6B) substitution. In order
to detect the 6G chromosome in a wheat background, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microsatellite marker analysis
were used. Ten microsatellite markers of the 43 tested generated PCR products that were polymorphic between chromosomes 6B
and 6G, and four showed length-polymorphism. The FISH hybridization pattern of 6G from T. timopheevii was identified using a combination of four repetitive DNA probes (Afa-family, pSc119.2, pTa71, (GAA)7). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique, capable of labelling the At and G genomes separately, was used on the same slides to differentiate the At and G genomes in T. timopheevii. The At and G genomes of T. timopheevii were grouped on the basis of the GISH patterns and a cyclic intergenomic translocation involving 6At-1G-4G was detected in T. timopheevii accession TRI667. The presence of 6G in the substitution line was demonstrated using FISH with the four repetitive DNA probes.
Chromosome 6G was clearly identified and its FISH pattern was different from that of 6B in the parental wheat cultivar Fleischmann-481.
According to field tests, the 6G(6B) substitution line has resistance to leaf rust. 相似文献
14.
AFLP analysis of genetic variability among Stylosanthes guianensis accessions resistant and susceptible to the stylo anthracnose 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stylosanthes guianensis, belonging to the genus Stylosanthes, is one of the most important tropical forage legumes and is native to South and Central America and Africa. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., is a major constraint to the extensive use of Stylosanthes as tropical forage. Forty‐two accessions of S. guianensis were assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) for genetic diversity and for resistance to anthracnose. In AFLP analysis, four selective primer combinations screened from 96 primer combinations were used to analyse these accessions, and a total of 225 clear bands were used for genetic similarity (GS) analysis, showing a 95.5% level of polymorphism on average. GS from 31.0% to 95.0% among the accessions was calculated with ntsys ‐pc software. The dendrogram was constructed with unweighted pair group method of averages (UPGMA) based on the AFLP data, and five clusters were defined at 48% GS. Two typical strains of C. gloeosporioides from Stylosanthes in China were used for anthracnose resistance screening. Most of the plant accessions showed variation in the reaction to two strains, and the correlation of resistance had a value of 0.904 (P < 0.01), suggesting common resistance to the two strains. The resistance accessions were randomly distributed in different groups of UPGMA clustering. These results demonstrate that AFLP analysis is an efficient method for evaluating the genetic diversity among S. guianensis accessions. 相似文献
15.
Renhui Zhao Bingliang Liu Zhengning Jiang Tiantian Chen Ling Wang Yaoyong Ji Zhubing Hu Huagang He Tongde Bie 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(5):503-512
Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding. 相似文献
16.
Genetic variation for waxy proteins and starch properties in Italian wheat germplasm 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is the primary enzymeresponsible for the synthesis of amylose in amyloplasts of cereal endospermcells. In bread wheat there are three structural genes (Wx-A1, Wx-B1,and Wx-D1) encoding for isoforms of GBSS. The loss of one or moreGBSS isoforms results in the reduction (partial-waxy) or absence (waxy) of amylose in the starch. Waxy wheats may find application inthe production of modified food starch and their flour may be used toextend the shelf life of baked products. In order to breed high qualitywheats able to produce bread with delayed staling, the genetic variabilityfor the waxy trait in our germplasm has been investigated. Weanalysed 288 cultivars of bread wheat, 139 cultivars of durum wheat andabout 200 accessions from other Triticum species. Gel electrophoresisshowed 63 bread wheats deficient in the Wx-B1, one in the Wx-A1 and one in the Wx-D1 protein isoforms, as well as one Triticum dicoccum lacking the Wx-A1 isoform. None of the analysedTriticum monococcum, Triticum durum, Triticum speltaand Triticum timopheevi accessions showed mutations at the Wxloci. The wheat accessions with Wx mutations were evaluated with aRapid Visco Analyser (RVA) to investigate starch properties. All theanalysed cultivars showed Peak Viscosity and Final Viscosity different fromthe normal wheat. Other analyses to evaluate the rheological characteristicsof the partial-waxy genotypes are under way and a breedingprogramme to select new waxy wheat varieties is in progress 相似文献
17.
Waxy proteins in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Electrophoretic analyses of waxy proteins, encoded by genes present at the Wx‐1 loci, present in several cultivars and accessions of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum, have permitted the detection of null alleles at the Wx‐B1 and Wx‐D1 loci. Polymorphism at the Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 loci was also investigated in several accessions of tetraploid wheats, Triticum durum, Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum timopheevi, and in diploid species, Triticum urartu, Triticum boeoticum and Triticum monococcum. One null allele at the Wx‐A1 locus and three polymorphic alleles at Wx‐B1 locus were detected in T. durum; a new allele at one of the two waxy loci was identified in the tetraploid wheat T. timopheevi; no polymorphism was detected in diploid species. Polymerase chain reaction techniques made possible the detection of further polymorphism existing at the Wx‐1 loci and the reason for the lack of expression of the null genotypes to be investigated. The null forms detected at each locus have been used to produce complete sets of partial and total waxy lines in durum and bread wheat. 相似文献
18.
Twelve synthesized ainphiplonds involving Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)-resisiant accessions of Triticum monococum, T. boeoticum and Aegilops sqiwrrosa and susceptible but otherwise well adapted and high yielding T. Durum cultiviars were evaluated for Karnal bunt resisiance under artificial inoculation conditions. All ihe synthetic amphiploids, except DWI. 5031 x T. monocoirtum aniphlploid, were free from Karnal bunt disease indicating that the Karnal bunt resistance or T. motsococcum, T. boeoticMrn and Ae, squarrosa is expressec in the presence of the dnrum complement. The importance and utilization of the amphiploids fox breeding wheat varieties resistant to karnal bunt are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum s.l., is a host for the wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina. Some accessions have been reported to show a high degree of prehaustorial resistance. This is non-hypersensitivity resistance,
which acts before the formation of haustoria by the pathogen. To assess the frequency of prehaustorial resistance 598 accessions
of diploid wheat were inoculated with the wheat leaf rust isolate Felix. Most T. monococcum s.s. accessions (84%) were resistant whereas all T. urartu and all but three T. boeoticumaccessions were susceptible. Histological components analysis revealed that a high percentage of prehaustorial resistance
to P. triticina was found in only three T. monococcum accessions. No haustoria were observed in such infection units confirming the prehaustorial nature of the resistance. Prehaustorial
abortion of certain infection units in an accession always coincided with posthaustorial abortion of the other infection units.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The renewed interest in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) for wheat improvement programmes requires the study of the available genetic diversity. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity within a Spanish spelt collection. Sixty‐six Spanish spelt accessions, 19 accessions of T. spelta and T. macha from different origins, three bread wheat cultivars (T. aestivum) and one accession of T. dicoccum were screened using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The diversity observed within the Spanish group was comparable with that observed in the other wheat varieties, despite their broader geographical diversity. Indeed, the highest polymorphic information content value calculated with SSRs for Spanish material (0.90) is similar to that observed for the other wheat varieties (0.98). Principal component analysis explained 46.5% of the cumulative variation and confirmed the Spanish accessions as a separate group. This study showed the Spanish spelt collection to be a variable and unique genetic resource for wheat and spelt breeding programmes. 相似文献