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1.
A 6-year-old spayed female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) exhibiting clinical signs of weakness, anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, and frequent urination was presented for a veterinary evaluation to determine the underlying cause of the aforementioned abnormal behavior and clinical condition. Physical examination revealed a large, firm, painless, movable subcutaneous mass at the base of the tail. Radiographic and ultrasound images confirmed the presence of a soft tissue mass compressing the sacrococcygeal vertebrae, but there was no evidence of metastatic lesions. Because of the poor prognosis and progressive deterioration of the animal's clinical condition, the ferret was humanely euthanized. Gross necropsy revealed a 4 × 4 × 3.5 cm, firm, yellow-tan, ovoid, subcutaneous mass wrapped around the rectum and the anus. The mass did not appear to breach the serosa. Evaluation of the abdominal cavity revealed a pale yellow liver, possibly associated with hepatic lipidosis with no gross evidence of metastasis in the body cavity. The histopathological features of the mass were consistent with a liposarcoma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of subcutaneous liposarcoma reported in a ferret.  相似文献   

2.
Osteoma is an uncommon tumor found in various animal species and is particularly rare or underreported in ferrets. A 2-year-old neutered male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) presented with an asymmetrical firm mass affecting the right dorsolateral skull. Radiographic images and computed tomography scans revealed a well-marginated mineralized mass involving the dorsal right calvarium that was growing concentrically into the cranium. A surgical biopsy sample was obtained and yielded a cytological diagnosis of sarcoma with reactive osteoblasts and osteoclasts and a histopathological diagnosis of osteoma. It was suspected that only the outer bony rim of the mass was submitted for histopathological evaluation, thereby adversely affecting the diagnostic quality of the sample. Based on interpretation of the combined imaging, cytological, and histopathological findings, a multilobular tumor of bone was suspected. Because of reduction in quality of life, the animal was euthanized 4 months after presentation, and postmortem examination yielded a definitive diagnosis of osteoma. This is the first report of an osteoma with cranial vault invasion in a ferret and is one of very few reports of this tumor diagnosed in this species. Lack of neurological signs in the patient, marked and extensive growth of the mass over several months, and the similar clinical appearance to other bony tumors leading to diagnostic ambiguity contributed to the distinctiveness of this case.  相似文献   

3.
Mycobacterium genavense infection was diagnosed in an adult ferret with ptosis of the left eye, a proliferative lesion of the conjunctiva of the nictitating membrane, conjunctival swelling, and tumefaction of the periorbital tissues with a watery ocular discharge and the presence of a retrobulbar mass. The diagnosis was based on characteristic cytology of the retrobulbar mass and left mandibular lymph node that revealed granulomatous inflammation. Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed the presence of positive acid-fast bacilli in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. The diagnosis was confirmed by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene amplified by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction from a fresh lymph node biopsy. Therapy with marbofloxacin, rifampicin, and clarithromycin was recommended for 6 months and after this period, the veterinarian who was treating the ferret reported the disappearance of clinical signs. Six months after the end of the antibiotic treatment, the symptoms described previously reoccurred. Confirmatory laboratory tests were not performed but a recurrence of M genavense infection was suspected and the veterinarian, in agreement with the owner, euthanized the ferret.  相似文献   

4.
Acquired oronasal fistula is a rare cause of chronic nasal disease in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) and other species. An adult male ferret presented with an acute unilateral swelling on the head and a 1-year history of sneezing. Physical examination and diagnostic procedures revealed an oronasal fistula of dental origin with concurrent abscess formation. Treatment included drainage of the abscess, treatment of the infection, extraction of the teeth involved in the oronasal fistula, debriding of the fistula edges, and placement of a medicated gauze. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an acquired oronasal fistula in a domestic ferret.  相似文献   

5.
A 3-month-old intact female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented with a 2-month history of ataxia. On physical examination, the ferret had difficulty standing upright. During the neurologic examination, the patient had a left head tilt and positional strabismus, circled to the left, and was ataxic. Results of the complete blood count were consistent with a mild normocytic normochromic anemia. Initial treatment was supportive. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed and revealed an asymmetry of the inner ears. A brainstem auditory evoked response test was also performed. History, clinical signs, and diagnostic test results indicated that the ferret was suffering from congenital peripheral vestibular syndrome and left-sided deafness. Congenital disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young ferrets with peripheral vestibular syndrome. Supportive care and physiotherapy can improve balance and motor function, leading to an acceptable quality of life.  相似文献   

6.
A four-year-old, castrated male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated because of a one-year history of sporadic cough. On physical examination a grade 5 of 6 holosystolic murmur was audible over the right apex of the heart. Radiographic findings included the presence of air bronchograms in apical lobes accompanied by pulmonary venous congestion. Colour Doppler echocardiography revealed a left-to-right shunting compatible with a ventricular septal defect. Medical therapy was initiated at the time of the diagnosis. The ferret was presented again 2 months after the initial examination for coughing and respiratory distress. Echocardiographic findings included tricuspid regurgitation, relative enlargement of left-atrial diameter and decreased systolic function, with presence of pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis was performed and the therapeutic plan was revised. In the following months the symptoms did not recur. In the authors' opinion this is the first report to describe the clinical findings of isolated ventricular septal defect in the ferret. Congenital heart defects are rare in this species, the present ferret being only the second case described.  相似文献   

7.
Boari  A.  Papa  V.  Di Silverio  F.  Aste  G.  Olivero  D.  Rocconi  F. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):107-110

Diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed in a 6-year-old neutered male ferret with polyuria/polydipsia, symmetrical alopecia, and weight loss. Laboratory tests revealed severe hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and increased steroid hormone profile. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands. Significant clinical improvement was achieved with insulin- and leuprolide acetate-based therapy. After 2 months of therapy, the ferret showed a severe ketoacidosis, and the owner decided to euthanize the animal. Histological findings revealed carcinoma of the left adrenal cortex and cortical hyperplasia of the right adrenal gland. Moderate, chronic, and active pancreatitis with a marked decrease in the number of β-cells was also present. This is the first reported case of type 1 DM associated with hyperadrenocorticism and chronic pancreatitis in a ferret.

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8.
An 18-month-old castrated male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented to the veterinary hospital for acute collapse but died despite initiation of emergency treatment. The body was submitted for a complete postmortem examination. The pathologist determined the ferret was suffering from severe necrotizing encephalitis, necrogranulomatous mediastinal lymphadenitis, and ulcerative dermatitis attributable to systemic Candida parapsilosis. This is the first report of systemic Candida parapsilosis in a ferret.  相似文献   

9.
Bilateral exudative chorioretinitis was diagnosed in an 18‐month‐old male neutered ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a generalized Cryptococcus gattii infection confirmed by PCR. The animal was referred to the Ophthalmology Service of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (VTH‐UAB) for acute onset blindness. Complete ophthalmic examination revealed absent menace response and dazzle reflex in both eyes (OU), as well as subretinal edema located in the tapetal fundus. At that time, the clinical ophthalmologic diagnosis was bilateral exudative chorioretinitis. Treatment with prednisone (0.5 mg/kg PO q24 h) was instituted in addition to the ongoing treatment with fluconazole (10 mg/kg PO q24 h). The following rechecks revealed secondary cataracts with subsequent lens subluxation and panretinal degeneration OU. Despite being blind and the poor prognosis of disseminate cryptococcosis, the patient remained active and in good body condition during 6 months after the initial diagnosis. At that time, the ferret showed ataxia, incontinence, and generalized pain. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed a mass affecting the spine. The owners declined further investigations and the ferret was humanely euthanized. The postmortem histopathology confirmed the initial diagnosis of cryptococcosis and the presence of intraretinal Cryptococcus spp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of Cryptococcus spp. induced exudative chorioretinitis in a ferret.  相似文献   

10.
Urethral obstruction is always an emergency for male ferrets and can lead to hyperkalemia. Surgical treatment under general anesthesia can be required. Untreated hyperkalemia before anesthetic induction can be fatal. A 2-year-old, 1.01 kg, neutered male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for lethargy, hematuria, and stranguria. Radiographs revealed urolithiasis involving the bladder and urethra. When presented for anesthesia, the ferret had hyperkalemia. Before anesthesia, the potassium was normalized rapidly through a combination of saline, dextrose, insulin, and terbutaline. Terbutaline was added to the therapeutic regime as a result of persistent hyperkalemia. Severe hypotension developed during anesthesia which can be partially attributed to the peripheral vasodilatory effect of terbutaline. Hypoglycemia developed as a result of failure to monitor blood glucose level frequently during surgery and suboptimal regime used for insulin and dextrose. Potassium level in a hyperkalemic ferret can be normalized before anesthesia with a combination of therapeutic agents like saline, sodium bicarbonate, insulin, and dextrose. In a case of persistent hyperkalemia, terbutaline can be added to the therapeutic plan. It is important that blood pressure and blood glucose level are monitored closely to prevent hypotension possibly due to terbutaline and hypoglycemia as a result of insulin. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of a ferret with hyperkalemia that needed rapid correction before anesthesia.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
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13.
Background: Rectovaginal fistula is a rare congenital disorder of dogs and cats that may occur with or without imperforate anus. The condition is characterized by a communication between the dorsal wall of the vagina and the ventral portion of the rectum, so that the vulva functions as a common opening for the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. Case presentation: A 3-year-old, 0.53 kg, surgically sterilized female ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was referred for passage of feces through the vulva, repeated vaginal discharge and vaginitis. Through physical examination, ultrasound, contrast radiographs, and CT scan exploration, the ferret was diagnosed with rectovaginal fistula which was surgically corrected. A vertical median perineal incision was made starting dorsally to the anal region and extended to surround the fistula. The rectum and vagina were closed separately. Conclusion and case relevance: Early postoperative complications included constipation, fecal incontinence, and perineal soiling in dogs and cats. No complications were observed with our ferret 7 and 15 days after the surgical correction. The purpose of this report is to describe a ferret with rectovaginal fistula as a sole anorectal abnormality that was treated by surgical correction for the first time.  相似文献   

14.
Pancreatic islet cell tumor causing hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism was diagnosed in a ferret with a history of progressive neurologic dysfunction. The diagnosis was suspected by the findings of hypoglycemia when the ferret was not fed, hyperinsulinism, and an amended insulin/glucose ratio approaching infinity. A focal pancreatic mass was removed by partial pancreatectomy, resulting in euglycemia and the resolution of clinical signs. Histologic diagnosis of the pancreatic mass was consistent with islet cell tumor (insulinoma). The ferret remained clinically normal for 8 months, but died after recurring episodes of hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Necropsy revealed no evidence of islet cell neoplasia involving the pancreas or other structures.  相似文献   

15.
A six‐year‐old neutered female albino ferret was presented with an acute episode of lethargy and anorexia. Clinical examination revealed marked cranial abdominal pain. A severe neutrophilic leukocytosis was present. Abdominal ultrasound was consistent with a diffuse peritonitis and severe bile duct inflammation. Cytology of the abdominal effusion revealed bile peritonitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and the gall bladder appeared inflamed with multiple perforations. A cholecystectomy was performed. The ferret recovered without complication. Bacteriological culture of the bile and gall bladder yielded a pure growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Histopathological analysis of the gall bladder and liver was consistent with a marked cholecystitis and cholangiohepatitis. On the basis of sensitivity testing, the ferret was treated with marbofloxacin for one month. No complications or reoccurrence were seen up to 1 year after the diagnosis. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of bile peritonitis secondary to gall bladder rupture in a ferret.  相似文献   

16.
There are a number of newly described and emerging disease syndromes affecting the domestic ferret, and the purpose of this article is to make veterinarians aware of these diseases. A recently described systemic coronavirus infection appears to be a variant of the ferret enteric coronavirus and is currently termed “ferret infectious peritonitis.” Disseminated immunopathologic myositis, aplastic anemia/bone marrow aplasia, acute hemorrhagic syndrome, and oral ulcerations are also described, although the exact etiologies for these diseases have yet to be determined. There appears to be at least 2 important amino acid metabolism deficiencies in ferrets: hindlimb weakness in older ferrets (L-carnitine) and cysteine urolithiasis. Ferrets have recently been found to be susceptible to H1N1 influenza, so knowledge regarding this zoonotic disease is essential for veterinarians working with these animals. A novel Mycoplasma spp. has also recently been identified in ferrets with chronic respiratory problems that originated from one breeding colony. Because these diseases are still being investigated, practitioners who treat a ferret patient exhibiting clinical signs consistent with any of the conditions mentioned are encouraged to contact people who are knowledgeable of that particular illness.  相似文献   

17.
A 4‐year‐old intact male ferret was presented to the Ophthalmology Service of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals of Utrecht University with chronic blepharospasm, epiphora, and conjunctivitis of the right eye. Examination of the eye revealed mild conjunctivitis and three hairs protruding from the openings of meibomian glands in the upper eyelid, providing the clinical diagnosis of distichiasis. The distichia were removed by transconjunctival unipolar electrocautery. Recovery was uneventful, but the original signs recurred 10 weeks after surgery. Ophthalmic examination revealed another distichia at a different location in the same eyelid and it was removed by full‐thickness wedge excision. Histopathological examination failed to reveal the exact origin of the distichia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of distichiasis in a ferret.  相似文献   

18.
BackgroundCircumcaval ureter is an anomaly in the development of the caudal vena cava, rarely reported in ferrets.Materials and methodsInclusion criteria for ferrets were circumcaval ureter confirmed on surgery or post-mortem examination. Data collection of ferrets with circumcaval ureters presented between January 2014 and January 2021 included signalment, medical history, clinical signs, laboratory diagnostics, diagnostic imaging results, treatments, and clinical outcomes.ResultsTwo ferrets met the inclusion criteria. One presented following diarrhea, and one was found on routine examination that revealed a right nephromegaly. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe unilateral hydronephrosis associated with hydroureter in both ferrets. No obvious cause of obstruction was identified. Biochemical results were unremarkable in both patients. Hydronephrosis was investigated through CT scans, revealing Type 1 circumcaval ureter in both ferrets. Section and relocation of the right ureter by uretero-vesical anastomosis was performed in one ferret. This ferret died 48 hours later following a nephrectomy performed due to persistent hydronephrosis. The second cas underwent right nephrectomy andd ureter resection due to severe hydronephrosis and stenosis of the circuncaval segment. This ferret has remained healthy on followup with no abnormalities found in biochemistries or ultrasound examination.Conclusion and case relevanceFindings suggest that circumcaval ureter should be suspected in ferrets with unilateral hydronephrosis and associated hydroureter without any identified cause of obstruction on abdominal ultrasonography. It should be confirmed with CT scan and/or urography and treated surgically.  相似文献   

19.
A domestic ferret was presented for episodic regurgitation. Cytologic examination and culture of an enlarged submandibular lymph node revealed Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii (serotype A). The ferret was successfully treated with itraconazole. This is the first documented case of Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii in a ferret in the United States.  相似文献   

20.
A 4 1/2-year-old female spayed ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for a rapidly growing mass in the inguinal region. Following a complete clinical evaluation, the unusual mass was surgically removed and the histopathological diagnosis was an inguinal liposarcoma. No post-operative complications were observed over a 14-month follow-up period.  相似文献   

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