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1.
The efficacy of febantel paste formulation (6 and 12 mg/kg) against natural infections of gastrointestinal helminths in lambs (n = 33) in Kentucky was evaluated in a controlled test. For the test, 23 lambs were treated orally (17 at 6 mg/kg and 6 at 12 mg/kg) and 10 lambs were not treated. Removals at both dosages in treated lambs were 95% to 100% for species of immature and mature Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia; and mature Ostertagia females, Nematodirus, and Strongyloides. For immature Nematodirus, removals were 92% and 77% at the dosages of 6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively. Only a few specimens (av less than 100) of some other species or stages were found in the nontreated group and removal of them (at both dosages) were 94% to 100% for Ostertagia (immature and males), Strongyloides (immature), Oesophagostomum (immature), and Moniezia (mature); and 61% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12 mg/kg) for Capillaria (mature), 0% for Trichuris (mature, at both dosages), and 67% (at 6 mg/kg) and 100% (at 12 mg/kg) for Oesophagostomum (mature). 相似文献
2.
Lambs severely parasitized by Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum, and Nematodirus were treated with fenbendazole (methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate) given at 3 dose levels: 3.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight. Efficacies against these genera, except Haemonchus and Nematodirus, were 100% at the 3 dose levels. Efficacies for the 3 doses against Haemonchus were 93.4, 95.3, and 99.8%, respectively, and against Nematodirus, 99.5, 99.6, and 100%. Efficacies for the doses against Trichuris were 69.1, 83.6, and 98.2%. Toxicosis due to the durg was not seen in these lambs, although they were severely debilitated. 相似文献
3.
Kerry Chalmers 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):266-269
Oxfendazole (5 mg/kg) was tested against natural infections of nematodes and cestodes in sheep in three experiments. It was 100% effective against all stages of Ostertagia sp., Nematodirus spathiger, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Chabertia ovina, Moniezia expansa, immature 5th stage and adult Cooperia curticei and 4th stage Trichostrongylus sp. Efficacy was 99%–100% against immature 5th stage and adult Trichostrongylus sp., 67.8%and 91.6% against adult Strongyloides sp., 80.7%and 89.5% against immature 5th stage Trichuris ovis and 74% and 79% against Trichuris ovis. 相似文献
4.
O Helle 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1971,12(4):504-512
Using 21 worm-free lambs in paddocks on old sheep pastures on 4 farms near Oslo, it was found that Nematodirus spp., Ostertagia spp. and Moniezia spp. were the only helminths which could survive the winter in the pasture in great numbers. A few Teladorsagia davtiani, Chabertia ovina, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia onchophora and Skrjabinema ovis survived the winter. Trichostrongylus axei, T. vitrinus and Oesophagostomum venulosnm showed a negligible ability to survive the winter in the pasture. The following species were never found to survive: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Cooperia curticei and Strongyloides papillosus. 相似文献
5.
Calves experimentally infected with Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Cooperia, and to lesser degrees with Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, and Bunostomum were used in a controlled experiment to record the anthelmintic efficacy of a benzimidazole compound methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate at dosage levels of 3.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight. With the 3 dosages, reductions of Haemonchus were 96.7, 99.2, and 99.8%; of Ostertagia, 97.2, 97.2, and 99.5%; and of Cooperia, 99.9, 99.9, and 99.9%. Pronounced reductions were also recorded for Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris, and Capillaria, but these populations were too numerically small or too unevenly distributed within the control groups to be given much emphasis. The experimental parasitic populations which developed in the 10 control calves amounted to 91, 763 worms (total). 相似文献
6.
The efficacy of 2 injectable formulations of ivermectin, administered intraorally at the dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight, was evaluated against naturally occurring infections by abomasal nematodes in lambs in 2 controlled tests. One test (A) included 17 lambs treated with the equine formulation and 16 nontreated lambs. For the other test (B), 14 lambs were treated with the bovine formulation, and 12 were nontreated. In controlled test A, only mature nematodes were recovered, and removals were 98% to 100% for Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta male, O trifurcata male, Ostertagia spp female, and Trichostrongylus axei. For controlled test B, removals were 99% to 100% for Haemonchus spp (immature), H contortus (mature), Ostertagia spp (immature), O circumcincta male (mature), O trifurcata male (mature), Ostertagia spp female (mature), Trichostrongylus spp (immature), and T axei (mature). Toxicosis was not evident in treated lambs. 相似文献
7.
Bisset SA Vlassoff A McMurtry LW Elliott DC Cobb RM Kieran PJ Wood IB 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(3):97-100
The efficacy of an oral formulation of the newly developed parasiticide, moxidectin, was tested against benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Nematodirus spathiger, levamisole-resistant Ostertagia circumcincta, and susceptible Cooperia curticei infections in weaned lambs. Thirty-two lambs were experimentally infected with mixed doses of the above strains of nematodes. They were allocated into four treatment groups by stratified randomisation using liveweights and faecal egg counts 28 days later. One group received moxidectin at 0.2 mg/kg liveweight, one group oxfendazole at 4.5 mg/kg liveweight, one group levamisole at 7.5 mg/kg liveweight and the last group remained untreated as the control. Worm burdens in the lambs at slaughter 10 days after oral treatment confirmed the resistance status of the nematode strains used, and showed that moxidectin had a greater than 99.9% efficacy (p<0.01) against all of them. No adverse effects due to treatment with moxidectin were observed in any of the animals. 相似文献
8.
Gastrointestinal tracts of 48 yearling Maine dairy cattle were examined (8 animals every 2 months) for 1 year. Adult and immature nematodes were identified and counted. Species recovered were Bunostomum phlebotomum, Cooperia mcmasteri, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Haemonchus placei, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostongylus axei, and Trichuris ovis. Strongyle parasitism was observed during every sampling period and the overall incidence was 93.7%. The most commonly encountered genera were Ostertagia spp (85.4%) and Cooperia spp (81.2%). Seasonal fluctuations in the worm burden of various nematodes were observed, with largest numbers seen in the fall. The incidence and degree of parasitism appeared to be related to environmental conditions. Proportions of adult and immature worms were shown to fluctuate with the time of year. Greatest numbers of immature worms were observed during the fall and winter. 相似文献
9.
The efficacy of albendazole in removing gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms was studied in 16 treated and 16 untreated (control) beef calves. The anthelmintic was administered as an oral drench at a dose level of 5 ml/45.5 kg of body weight (5 mg/kg). Percentage of efficacy against the various genera was: Trichostrongylus axei, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Moniezia-100.0; Haemonchus placei, Cooperia spp, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis - greater than 99.0; Ostertagia ostertagi -98.3; and Bunostomum phlebotomum -96.2. Efficacy against Trichuris was 20.2. Efficacy against immature nematodes in the abomasum and small intestine was high, 91.9 and 86.4, respectively, but total numbers of nematodes were not large. Efficacy against immature stages in the cecum and remainder of the large intestine was 48.5. Signs of toxicosis were not observed in calves treated with albendazole. 相似文献
10.
Critical anthelmintic tests and controlled trials were used to assess the efficiency of laevo -tetramisole hydrochloride against nematode infections in sheep and cattle.
In sheep, oral dose rates of 5 mg/kg and above were 94 to 100% effective against adult Haemonchus contortus , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus spp, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum and Chabertia ovina . A dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg was required for consistently high activity against Ostertagia spp, but activity against Trichostrongylus axei remained variable at this dose level. Efficiency against Trichuris ovis ranged from 76 to 100% at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg. The drug was 94 to 100% effective against 7-day old and 14-day old H. contortus , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp and O. colun bianum infections, and 83 to 89% effective against 14-day old Ostertagia spp and T. axei , at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg. Seven-day old Ostertagia spp larvae were highly resistant at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg, while activity against T. axei infections of the same age appeared variable at 5 and 10 mg/kg.
In cattle, subcutaneous treatment at dose rates of 1.5 mg/kg and above, and oral treatment at 7.5 mg/kg, were 93 to 100% effective against adult Haemonchus placei , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus helvetianus, Cooperia spp and Oesophagostomum radiatum , and 84 to 98% effective against Ostertagia ostertagi . Against Trichostrongylus axei , a rate of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously was 83% effective, and a rate of 7.5 mg/kg orally 97% effective, while these dose rates gave 88 to 100% clearance of adult Dictyocaulus viviparous . 相似文献
In sheep, oral dose rates of 5 mg/kg and above were 94 to 100% effective against adult Haemonchus contortus , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus spp, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum and Chabertia ovina . A dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg was required for consistently high activity against Ostertagia spp, but activity against Trichostrongylus axei remained variable at this dose level. Efficiency against Trichuris ovis ranged from 76 to 100% at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg. The drug was 94 to 100% effective against 7-day old and 14-day old H. contortus , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp and O. colun bianum infections, and 83 to 89% effective against 14-day old Ostertagia spp and T. axei , at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg. Seven-day old Ostertagia spp larvae were highly resistant at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg, while activity against T. axei infections of the same age appeared variable at 5 and 10 mg/kg.
In cattle, subcutaneous treatment at dose rates of 1.5 mg/kg and above, and oral treatment at 7.5 mg/kg, were 93 to 100% effective against adult Haemonchus placei , intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus helvetianus, Cooperia spp and Oesophagostomum radiatum , and 84 to 98% effective against Ostertagia ostertagi . Against Trichostrongylus axei , a rate of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously was 83% effective, and a rate of 7.5 mg/kg orally 97% effective, while these dose rates gave 88 to 100% clearance of adult Dictyocaulus viviparous . 相似文献
11.
S A Michael A H Refaii W H Mansour M K Selim A J Higgins 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(15):338-340
Oxfendazole liquid suspension (Systamex; Wellcome) was administered orally at the dose of 4.5 mg per kg to 800 indigenous Egyptian sheep clinically affected with Dictyocaulus filaria, Moniezia expansa, Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta, Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia curticei, Trichuris ovis and Oesophagostomum spp. A 100 per cent clearance was recorded for all parasites with the exception of T ovis which were markedly reduced in number. 相似文献
12.
Twenty male Holstein calves averaging 105 kg in weight and naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and small numbers of lungworm and hookworm, were given experimental infections with the two latter species to provide adult and larval stages for anthelmintic evaluation. Following random allotment, one group of 10 calves was injected subcutaneously with moxidectin at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1 of body weight. A second group of 10 was injected subcutaneously with unmedicated blank vehicle at a dosage of 1 ml per 50 kg of body weight. Fecal samples were examined before treatment and at 7 and 13 days after treatment. The 20 calves were necropsied for worm recovery at 13 and 14 days after treatment. All calves were positive for lungworm and hookworm on the treatment date. Treatment was 100% effective in elimination of hookworm eggs and lungworm larvae and 99.9% in reducing total egg counts at both 7 and 13 days after treatment. Moxidectin was 100% effective (P less than 0.01) in eliminating the following 11 species of nematodes. Dictyocaulus viviparus mature and immature adults (E5), Bunostomum phlebotomum adults and L4, Ostertagia ostertagi adults and early L4, Ostertagia lyrata adult males, Haemonchus placei adults. Trichostrongylus axei adults, Cooperia spp., including Cooperia punctata, Cooperia spatulata, and Cooperia pectinata adults, Oesophagostomum radiatum adults and Trichuris discolor adults. No adverse reactions to moxidectin treatment were observed. 相似文献
13.
Type II ostertagiosis was found at necropsy in 9 American bison (Bison bison) from 3 farms in New York. Clinical signs included severe diarrhea, emaciation, unthrifty coats, anemia, and weakness. In severely affected animals, the macroscopic abomasal changes consisted of irregular thickening and edema of the mucosa, resulting in a pebbly or morocco-leather appearance. Microscopically, many gastric pits and glands were dilated, lined by hyperplastic epithelium, and contained nematode sections or debris. Parasites recovered included Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Cooperia oncophora, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus helvetianus, Trichuris discolor, Setaria labiato-papillosa, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Hypoderma lineatum, and Sarcocystis sp. Nodules in the small and large intestine were attributed to Oesophagostomum sp. Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Trichuris discolor, and Nematodirus helvetianus are reported from bison for the first time. 相似文献
14.
B L Blagburn C M Hendrix L A Hanrahan D S Lindsay R G Arther J W Drane 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(9):1574-1577
A controlled anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of febantel paste (45.5%) at dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg in calves harboring natural gastrointestinal nematode infections. Dosages of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg of febantel/kg of body weight were greater than 96% effective in removing adults of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp, Cooperia spp, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. The 2.5 mg/kg dosage was considered suboptimal because of low efficacy against Ostertagia and Cooperia spp. Efficacies against Trichostronglylus axei, Trichuris spp, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Stronglyloides papillosus were difficult to determine because fewer numbers of these nematodes were recovered. Efficacies of febantel paste against immature bovine parasites ranged from 83.62% to 97.72%. 相似文献
15.
R B Wescott C J Farrell A M Gallina W J Foreyt 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(3):369-371
Albendazole, methyl 5-propylthio-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate, was given as a bolus (7.68 to 8.18 mg/kg of body weight) to cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in a controlled trial. Over 99% of adult Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus longispicularis, Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus helvetianus, and Dictyocaulus viviparus were removed by the treatment. Efficacy against immature O ostertagi, early fourth-stage O ostertagi, and Oesophagostomum radiatum was 95.2%, 86.6%, and 96.7%, respectively. In a field trial, the same compound administered in a paste formulation (at approximately 7.5 mg/kg) eliminated over 99% of strongylin and Moniezia eggs from feces of treated cattle. 相似文献
16.
R Alva-Valdes D H Wallace J R Egerton G W Benz S J Gross J W Wooden V E Reuter 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(10):1726-1728
Twelve Holstein calves were used to determine the prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin against challenge exposure with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. Two groups of 6 calves (mean body weight, 205 kg) each were formed by restricted randomization according to body weight. Group-1 calves served as nonmedicated controls. Each calf of group 2 was orally given one prototype sustained-release bolus designed to deliver ivermectin at a continuous daily dose of 8 mg. Third-stage nematode infective larvae were given to the calves on posttreatment days 28 and 42. The calves were euthanatized 77 or 78 days after treatment. Ivermectin was 100% effective (P less than 0.05) in preventing the establishment of infection by Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp (C punctata, C oncophora, C surnabada), Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus and was greater than 99% effective against Trichostrongylus axei. Incidental infection by Trichuris spp was reduced by 94% (P = 0.08). 相似文献
17.
Two worm-free calves were allowed to graze on irrigated pasture with a naturally infected herd for each of 34 one-month periods from November 1979 to August 1982. After each grazing period, the calves were transferred to a cement-floored pen for 3 weeks and then were euthanatized and necropsied. Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were the most prevalent species of nematodes recovered. Adults and larvae of Ostertagia spp and Cooperia spp were most numerous in winter and spring and least numerous during summer. The proportions of Ostertagia spp that were inhibited as fourth-stage larvae increased in late fall, peaked from March through April, and then decreased to low values during summer. The maximal inhibition in 1980, 1981, and 1982 was 72, 65, and 62%, respectively. The number of larval Cooperia spp was highest in winter months and, except for one grazing period when 55% of the Cooperia spp were larvae, the total numbers represented less than 15% of the nematode population during all grazing periods. Other nematodes encountered were Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus spp, O lyrata, and O occidentalis in the abomasum; C surnabata, C punctata, Nematodirus helvetianus, T colubriformis, and Bunostomum phlebotomum in the small intestine; and Oesophagostomum venulosum and Trichuris ovis in the large intestine. 相似文献
18.
E T Lyons J H Drudge S C Tolliver R W Hemken F S Button 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(9):1760-1762
Two controlled tests were conducted in 1981 and 1982 in dairy calves on the University of Kentucky research farm to determine activity of the bolus formulation of levamisole given at the dose rate of 8 mg/kg against naturally occurring infections of Ostertagia ostertagi. Removal efficacies of mature O ostertagi were 98% in the 1981 test (3 treated and 3 nontreated calves) and 94% in the 1982 test (7 treated and 8 nontreated calves). Against immature Ostertagia spp, removal efficacies were 100% and 65% for the 1st and 2nd tests, respectively. The calves were grazed on the same pasture as dairy calves in previous controlled tests in 1979 and 1980 where activity of levamisole against mature O ostertagi (data recently published) was much less than in the present tests. It does not appear that the poor performance in the early tests can be attributed to the drug resistance phenomenon. Data on overwinter survival (119 days) of free-living stages of gastrointestinal parasites on pasture were derived from the nontreated calves in the 1982 controlled test. The calves, raised helminth-free, were placed on the pasture on Apr 5, 1982. Helminths recovered at necropsy of the calves, besides O ostertagi, included Trichostrongylus axei, Nematodirus helvetianus, Nematodirus spp, Cooperia oncophora, Trichuris spp, and Moniezia spp. The lung-worm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, previously found in cattle on the farm, was not found in these calves. 相似文献
19.
During the spring of 1985, 40 calves grazed pastures known to have high numbers of spring inhibition-prone, infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae. Calves were removed from pasture and placed in outdoor pens with concrete floors from 10 days prior to treatment until necropsy 14 days after treatment. Ten calves were allocated to each of 4 treatment groups, and oxfendazole was administered to each group by intraruminal injection at dosages of 0, 2.25, 4.5, and 6.75 mg/kg of body weight. Efficacies greater than or equal to 94.6% were achieved at dosages of 4.5 and 6.75 mg/kg against adult Ostertagia spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus. Efficacy against inhibited larvae of O ostertagi was variable, with the highest efficacy (90.2%) attained at a dosage of 6.75 mg/kg. 相似文献
20.
N E Downey 《The Veterinary record》1977,101(13):260-263
Oxfendazole doses at a rate of 5 mg per kg, before or after lambing, reduced nematode egg output to insignificant levels in ewes, most of which were not exposed to re-infection. Ewes treated with oxfendazole had a significantly lower egg output than those treated with levamisole, although the latter anthelmintic was also highly effective. In lambs, oxfendazole at a dose rate of 5 mg per kg, showed 100 per cent efficacy for Ostertagia circumcincta, O trifurcata, Teledorsagia davtiani, Trichostrongylus axei, T vitrinus, T colubriformis, Nematodirus battus, N filicollis, immature Nematodirus, Chabertia ovina, and 93 per cent efficacy for Trichuris spp. Levamisole showed similar efficacies but did not remove Trichuris. 相似文献