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1.
The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

2.
Nine enzymes were detected in sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and E. maxima, parasites of the domesticated fowl (Gallus gallus). Three enzymes, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and -glutamyltransferase, all identified for the first time in Eimeria of fowl, occurred both in E. tenella and in E. maxima. The remaining enzymes assayed had previously been found in various Eimeria species of fowl, although creatine kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase were hitherto unknown from E. maxima. The three enzymes newly recorded from Eimeria of fowl are of interest as potential genetic markers, and also as potential chemotherapeutic targets. The discovery of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase led to the demonstration of anticoccidial activity by some aliphatic acids. The paper also includes a list of the enzymes detected in Eimeria of fowl in previous studies.  相似文献   

3.
Cardiopulmonary biomarkers are biological parameters that can be objectively measured and quantified as indicators of pathogenic processes (heartworm disease) or as indicators of response to therapeutic intervention. To determine levels of cardiopulmonary biomarkers in canine dirofilariasis, measurements of cardiac troponin T, cardiac troponin I, myoglobin, and D-dimer concentrations were performed for dogs with and without evidence of adult heartworm infection. The results showed that levels of cardiac troponin T were undetectable in all dogs studied while levels of cardiac troponin I were higher in dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis. In healthy dogs, levels of myoglobin and D-dimer were below detection limits of the instrument and were significantly higher in heartworm-infected dogs, notably in microfilaremic dogs. The results suggest the possibility of using troponin I and myoglobin as markers for cardiac damage and the D-dimer as a supportive tool for a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs with cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis.  相似文献   

4.
ObjectivesLittle is known about cardiac biomarkers in camels despite their extensive use as draft animals. This study was designed to establish reference ranges for the cardiac biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase myocardial b fraction (CK-MB) in healthy camels and to investigate their changes in response to road transportation.AnimalsTwenty-five healthy camels transported for a 5 h round-trip journey.MethodsNone of the camels had evidence of cardiac abnormalities on cardiac auscultation, echocardiography or electrocardiography. Three blood samples were obtained from each camel: 24 h before transportation (T0), within 2 h after unloading (T1) and 24 h after transportation (T2).ResultsThe mean cTnI concentration in the camels was 0.032 ± 0.023 ng/mL. All the camels had resting cTnI concentrations of <0.08 ng/mL. At T1, the cTnI concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in all 25 camels compared to values at T0. The CK-MB concentration in the camels was 0.19 ± 0.05 ng/mL. All the camels had resting CK-MB concentrations of <0.33 ng/mL. At T1, the CK-MB concentration was higher in 3/25 camels compared to values at both T0 and T2. Concerning the hematobiochemical variables, significant increases were detected at T1 in total white blood cells, total protein, globulin, magnesium and phosphorus. Cardiac troponin I, CK-MB and all the hematobiochemical parameters had returned to their pre-transport values at T2.Conclusions5 h road transportation might have transient adverse effects on the cardiac muscle of healthy camels.  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究运输对伊犁马肌肉损伤和氧化应激的影响。选取体重相近的5匹24月龄的伊犁母马,环境适应7 d后开展运输试验,其运输过程中禁食禁水,运输总路程约为400 km,运输时间为8 h。分别于运输0（T1）、4（T2）、8（T3）和卸车后12 h （T4）采集马颈静脉血,分离血清,进行相关生理生化指标的测定。结果显示,与T1相比,肌肉损伤生化标志物肌红蛋白（MYO）和肌钙蛋白（cTnT）在T2时刻显著上升（P<0.05）,T3和T4时刻极显著上升（P<0.01）;乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）在T3时刻显著上升（P<0.05）;炎症反应生化标志物C反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）在T2、T3和T4时刻极显著上升（P<0.01）;皮质醇（COR）在T2和T3时刻极显著上升（P<0.01）,在T4时刻显著上升（P<0.05）;总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在T2、T3和T4时刻极显著下降（P<0.01）;过氧化氢酶（CAT）在T3和T4时刻显著下降（P<0.05）;活性氧（ROS）在T2和T4时刻显著上升（P<0.05）,在T3时刻极显著上升（P<0.01）;丙二醛（MDA）在T3和T4时刻极显著上升（P<0.01）。因此,运输8 h导致了伊犁马肌肉损伤和氧化应激反应的发生,其不良影响在卸车后12 h内不能消除。  相似文献   

6.
Blood from 31 healthy, free-ranging golden jackals held in captivity for seven days was collected while they were anaesthetised. Haematological and serum biochemical measurements were analysed and the 95 per cent confidence interval for each variable was compared with the reference value for domestic dogs. The measurements of their red blood cells were within the reference interval for dogs, but the jackals had higher white blood cell counts and eosinophil counts than dogs. The male jackals had a higher haematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and a lower red blood cell distribution width than the female jackals. High activities of muscle enzymes were detected in many of the jackals, in several of which the activity of creatine kinase exceeded 5000 U/l; these were considered abnormal.  相似文献   

7.
Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome affecting racehorses. Prevalence analysis of ER showed that female sex was a significant risk factor. The aim of this research was to evaluate the differences and correlations in the serum activity of muscle enzymes and the stage of the estrous cycle in ER-susceptible and control (C) mares. Serum muscle enzyme activity before and after exercise and sex hormones were analyzed in the two groups of mares. Ten cyclic ER and 10 cyclic C mares were examined weekly for 4 weeks. During diestrus, ER horses had significantly higher resting and postexercise aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, but not creatine kinase (CK) activity, compared with controls; only postexercise AST activity was significantly higher during estrus compared with activity levels in controls. During estrus, 17β-estradiol and AST activity were significantly negatively correlated in the control but not ER mares. Based on our results, further studies should be performed to characterize the presumptive different roles played by sexual hormones in horses susceptible to ER compared with healthy mares.  相似文献   

8.
BACKGROUND: The western barred bandicoot, Perameles bougainville, is an endangered Australian marsupial species whose survival is threatened by a papillomatosis and carcinomatosis syndrome. Investigations to characterize this syndrome would benefit from species-specific clinical chemistry data. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine plasma biochemical reference values and to determine enzyme activities in various tissues of P. bougainville. METHODS: Heparinized blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture from 53 clinically healthy bandicoots of both sexes and at 3 geographic locations. Plasma was analyzed for routine clinical chemistry variables using an automated biochemistry analyzer. Tissues obtained following humane euthanasia of 3 bandicoots were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-amylase (AML), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities. RESULTS: Significant differences in the results were found for animals based on geographic location and sex; hence, results were expressed as minimum and maximum values. A population reference interval was calculated for AST activity (20-283 U/L). ALT was found mainly in the liver, with lower levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle and kidneys. AST was detectable in many tissues, including the heart, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system; CK was found in skeletal and cardiac muscle and central nervous system; AML was found in the pancreas; and GGT was found mainly in kidneys with lower levels in the intestines and pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: These findings will facilitate the interpretation of clinical chemistry results from P. bougainville and thereby inform population management and clinical decision-making.  相似文献   

9.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are sensitive and specific markers for myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Dogs with pericardial effusion frequently have myocardial ischemia and necrosis, and these changes are more severe in dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA). We investigated the utility of using serum cTnI and cTnT concentrations to identify the idiopathic pericardial effusion from that associated with HSA. Blood samples for measurement of cTnI and cTnT concentrations were collected before pericardiocentesis in 37 dogs with pericardial effusion. Eighteen dogs had a mass consistent with HSA, 6 dogs had idiopathic pericardial effusion, 1 dog had mesothelioma, and 1 dog had a heart base tumor. No final diagnosis was achieved for 11 dogs. Dogs with pericardial effusion had significantly higher serum concentrations of cTnI (P < .001) but not cTnT (P = .16) than did normal dogs. Dogs with HSA had significantly higher concentrations of cTnI (2.77 ng/dL; range: 0.09-47.18 ng/dL) than did dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion (0.05 ng/dL; range: 0.03-0.09 ng/dL) (P < .001). There was no difference in the concentration of cTnT between dogs with HSA and those with idiopathic pericardial effusion (P = .08). Measurement of cTnI may be useful in helping to distinguish between idiopathic pericardial effusion and pericardial effusion caused by HSA.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are increased in dogs with gastric dilatationvolvulus (GDV) and whether concentrations correlate with severity of ECG abnormalities or outcome. DESIGN: Prospective case series. ANIMALS: 85 dogs with GDV. PROCEDURE: Serum cTnl and cTnT concentrations were measured 12 to 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after surgery. Dogs were grouped on the basis of severity of ECG abnormalities and outcome. RESULTS: cTnl and cTnT were detected in serum from 74 (87%) and 43 (51%) dogs, respectively. Concentrations were significantly different among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of severity of ECG abnormalities (none or mild vs moderate vs severe). Dogs that died (n = 16) had significantly higher serum cTnI (24.9 ng/ml) and cTnT (0.18 ng/ml) concentrations than did dogs that survived (2.05 and < 0.01 ng/ml, respectively). Myocardial cell injury was confirmed at necropsy in 4 dogs with high serum cardiac troponin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that concentrations of cTnI and cTnT suggestive of myocardial cell injury can commonly be found in serum from dogs with GDV and that serum cardiac troponin concentrations are associated with severity of ECG abnormalities and outcome.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of long-term oral levothyroxine sodium (L-T(4)) administration on serum thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid gland function, clinicopathologic variables, and echocardiographic examination measurements in adult euthyroid horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURES: Horses received L-T(4) (48 mg/d) orally for 48 weeks. Every 4 weeks, physical examinations were performed; blood samples were collected for CBC, plasma biochemical analyses, and assessments of serum total triiodothyronine (tT(3)) and thyroxine (tT(4)) concentrations. Plasma creatine kinase MB activity and cardiac troponin I concentration were also measured. Echocardiographic examinations were performed before and at 16, 32, and 48 weeks during the treatment period. RESULTS: During the treatment period, mean body weight decreased significantly; heart rate varied significantly, but the pattern of variation was not consistent. Significant time effects were detected for certain clinicopathologic variables, but mean values remained within reference ranges. Cardiac troponin I was only detectable in 8 of 24 plasma samples (concentration range, 0.01 to 0.03 ng/mL). Serum creatine kinase MB activity did not change significantly over time. Compared with the pretreatment value, 5.4-, 4.0-, and 3.7-fold increases in mean serum tT(4) concentrations were detected at 16, 32, and 48 weeks, respectively. Some cardiac measurements changed significantly over time, but mean values remained within published reference ranges. Mean fractional shortening was lower than the pretreatment mean value at 16 and 32 weeks. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, long-term oral administration of 48 mg of L-T(4)/d significantly increased serum tT(4) concentrations and did not appear to adversely affect health.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of transportation on the serum concentrations of the cardiac biomarkers troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and on cortisol and lactate in horses. For this purpose, 10 horses were transported for 300 km. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before transport (T0), just before transport (T1), during transport at 50 km (T2), 100 km (T3), 200 km (T4), and 300 km (T5). An additional blood sample (T6) was collected 24 hours after transport. The median resting basal cTnI values in the horses were at T0, 0.000 ± 0.007 ng/mL and at T1, 0.01 ± 0.007 ng/mL. The median resting basal CK-MB values in the horses were at T0, 0.19 ± 0.05 ng/mL and at T1, 0.16 ± 0.05 ng/mL. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences of cTnI and CK-MB among the measured values (T0–T6). On the other side, the cortisol and lactate concentrations increased significantly (P < .01) at T2, T3, T3, and T4 compared with the resting values at T0. At T6, cortisol and lactate concentrations had returned to pretransport values, with no statistically significant differences compared with pretransport concentrations. In conclusion, the 300-km transportation of the horses did not influence the levels of the cardiac biomarkers, cTnI and CK-MB. The serum concentrations of cortisol and lactate, on the other side, increased significantly. The possible influence of transportation for longer distances or under more stressful conditions (higher temperature or in horses not used for transportation) on cTnI and CK-MB concentrations needs to be further investigated.  相似文献   

13.
Objectives : The assessment of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with a range of nonprimary cardiac illnesses has revealed that cardiac myocyte damage is commonplace in many canine diseases. Whilst it is well established that dogs with fatal immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia frequently have cardiac pathology based on post‐mortem examinations, there is limited information on the incidence of cardiac myocyte damage in this population of dogs. Methods : Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in 11 healthy dogs, 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia and 49 hospitalised dogs without primary cardiac or haematological disorders. Results : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have higher serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I than hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.005) and healthy dogs (P<0.01). Using a cut‐off of less than 0.1 ng/mL, 20 of 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia had increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations, which was a significantly higher proportion compared to the hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.001, 16 out of 49 dogs) and healthy dogs (P<0.05, 3 out of 11 dogs). Clinical Significance : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have a higher incidence of subclinical myocyte damage than healthy dogs or dogs with non‐haematological or primary cardiac illnesses. The prognostic significance of increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia merits further investigation.  相似文献   

14.
Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been shown to be useful as inexpensive and noninvasive tools for monitoring skeletal health. The reference range for bone markers in dogs has been set by different age groups. However, other sources of biological variations were not fully investigated in dogs. To explore whether sex influences the interpretation of bone marker data we examined serum bone markers in 33 male and 25 female dogs. The bone markers selected for this study were: bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OC) as indicators of bone formation, and C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) of type I collagen as marker of bone resorption. All concentrations of bone markers were lower, but still within the reference range reported for dogs. We found statistically significant differences of the median OC and CTx serum concentrations between males and females. The results of this study suggest that there are sex differences in biochemical markers of bone turnover in dogs which should be considered in interpretation of bone marker data.  相似文献   

15.
This study compared the sensitivity of ECG and cardiac troponins to predict cardiac histopathological changes, clinical severity, and survival in canine babesiosis. One control group (n = 9) and 4 groups of dogs with mild uncomplicated babesiosis (n = 8), severe uncomplicated babesiosis (n = 9), complicated babesiosis (n = 8), and babesiosis and concurrent immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) (n = 9) were studied. A 1-minute lead II ECG was recorded, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) concentrations in plasma were measured. cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in the complicated (mean, 9.9; SE, +/-5.76) and concurrent IMHA (mean, 6.53; SE, +/-4.32) groups and in the 3 dogs that died of the disease (mean, 22.17; SE, +/-12.85) than in the control dogs (concentration below detection limit of test, -0.3 ng/mL). The 3 nonsurvivors had the most severe cardiac histopathological changes, but no arrhythmia and minimal other ECG changes. Dogs with babesiosis developed a variety of ECG abnormalities, but the abnormalities were not associated with disease severity, outcome, or plasma cardiac troponin concentrations. The exception was the presence of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), which were associated with high cardiac troponin concentrations. This study showed an association between cTnI concentration and histological changes, clinical severity, and survival and no correlation between ECG abnormalities and histological changes or biochemical evidence of myocardial damage as reflected by cTnI concentrations. From this study, it was concluded that the analysis of plasma cTnI is a feasible and sensitive test and is superior to cTnT in diagnosing cardiac involvement in dogs with babesiosis.  相似文献   

16.
It has recently been reported that dogs affected by canine heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) can show an increase in plasma levels of myoglobin and cardiac troponin I, two markers of muscle/myocardial injury. In order to determine if this increase is due to myocardial damage, the right ventricle of 24 naturally infected dogs was examined by routine histology and immunohistochemistry with anti-myoglobin and anti-cardiac troponin I antibodies. Microscopic lesions included necrosis and myocyte vacuolization, and were associated with loss of staining for one or both proteins. Results confirm that increased levels of myoglobin and cardiac troponin I are indicative of myocardial damage in dogs affected by heartworm disease.  相似文献   

17.
Lactic dehydrogenase, although widely distributed in most tissues, was more highly concentrated in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney and liver. Isoenzyme patterns showed a selective concentration of LDH5 in skeletal muscle while in the heart LDH 1 and 2 were predominant. In contrast, creatine kinase was only present in substantial concentration in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The serum concentrationof both enzymes showed a wide range of activity.  相似文献   

18.
Samples of blood were collected (by jugular venipuncture) from 10 homozygote halothane-reacting pigs and 7 homozygote nonreactors. Antioxidant status was assessed by measurement of blood glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities and plasma concentrations of vitamin E. Significant differences in these values were not apparent between halothane-reacting pigs and nonreactors. Halothane-reacting pigs had tissue damage as indicated by significantly increased plasma activities of the enzymes creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase. The latter showed better discrimination between the 2 populations than did creatine kinase and could prove to be a more effective marker for identification of stress-susceptible pigs.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract: The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo‐ and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo‐ or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed‐associated, and DNA‐based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Diseases and abnormal physiologic conditions can alter the concentrations of enzymes, metabolites, minerals, and hormones in the blood of animals. The ringed seal (Pusa hispida) has been selected as a key species for environmental monitoring, but information on disease and health parameters for this species is scarce. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study reported here was to obtain serum chemistry reference intervals for free-ranging ringed seals in Svalbard, and then to evaluate serum chemistry values in relation to age, body condition, and sex. METHODS: Blood samples were collected after death from ringed seals in Wijdefjorden and Billefjorden, Svalbard (2002-2003; n = 75). Serum was analyzed for 24 selected serum chemistry parameters (enzymes, protein, metabolites, minerals, and cortisol). RESULTS: Compared with younger or older animals, seals between 7 and 16 years of age had larger variations in the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase (CK). Animals classified as having low body condition status had more variation in the serum activity of these enzymes, compared with that in animals with higher condition scores. Serum cortisol concentration was higher in young animals (1-5 years) than in older animals. Serum CK activity was higher in males than in females. CONCLUSION: The data reported here may be useful in monitoring the health of ringed seals and for tracking the impact of environmental changes in the Arctic.  相似文献   

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