共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Copper (Cu) contamination in the environment has been increased during the years with agricultural and industrial activities.Biotechnological approaches are needed for bioremediation in these areas. The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the phytoremediation capacity of the high-yielding bioenergy plant castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) in vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) contaminated with Cu and a Cu mining waste; ii) to characterize the castor bean as a Cu phytoremediation plant; and iii) to evaluate the nutrient uptake by castor bean. Castor bean plants cultivated in soil with toxic levels of Cu for 57 d exhibited high phytomass production, a high tolerance index of roots’ fresh mass and shoots’ dry mass, a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation in the roots and also, a robust capacity for Cu phytostabilization. Furthermore, castor bean plants did not significantly deplete soil nutrients(such as N, P, and Mg) during cultivation. Plants cultivated in Inceptisol, Mollisol and Cu mining waste exhibited a strong potential for Cu phytoaccumulation, with values of 5 900, 3 052 and 2 805 g ha-1, respectively. In addition, the castor bean’s elevated phytomass production and strong growth in Cu-contaminated soils indicated a high level of Cu phytoaccumulation and a potential application in biofuels. These findings indicate that the castor bean is a efcient hyperaccumulator of Cu and a potential candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soil. 相似文献
2.
鸭跖草(Commelina communis L.): 发现于中国安徽省的铜的超积累植物 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Commelina communis L. growing over some new copper mining wastelands at Bijiashan, Tongling City of Anhui Province, China, was found to be a copper hyperaccumulator. Its copper concentrations were 2707~6159 (4439±2434) mg kg-1, 369~831 (731±142) mg kg-1, and 429~587 (547±57) mg kg-1, respectively, in the roots, stems, and leaves. The soils supporting the growth of the species had a copper concentration ranging from 4620 to 5020 mg kg-1 and averaging 4835±262 mg kg-1, suggesting that the species could not only grow on heavily copper-contaminated soils but also accumulate extraordinarily high concentration of copper. Thus, it shows great potential in the phytoremediation of copper-contaminated soils, the restoration of mined land, geochemical prospecting, and the study of environmental pollution changes. 相似文献
3.
向日葵对土壤中铜的积累作用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
温室内不同Cu浓度添加土壤的向日葵盆栽试验表明,向日葵植株的部分生物学性状如地上部干物质量、地下部干物质量、最大单叶面积随土壤中Cu浓度的增加而降低,土壤中添加20mg/kgCu对向日葵根部生长抑制作用最大,而植物高度在添加100mg/kgCu浓度时最高。且不同Cu浓度处理下向日葵对Cu的积累能力不同,但植物各部分Cu含量均随土壤中添加Cu浓度的增加而增加,但在100mg/kgCu浓度处理下,向日葵对Cu的积累主要集中在根部,地上部分Cu含量很低,在200mg/kgCu浓度处理下,向日葵叶中Cu含量超过根部,达857±297mg/kg干重,Cu积累的叶根比达1.27,说明当土壤Cu浓度较高时,Cu在向日葵地上部有较高的Cu积累,集中收获植株地上部分,可移出土壤中的过多有效铜,但生长受到抑制。使用向日葵修复高浓度Cu污染土壤时,还需考虑采用其他手段接种根际微生物、转基因、设施农业环境工程技术等来增加其生物产量。 相似文献
4.
Stylianos Liodakis Magdalini Tsoukala Georgios Katsigiannis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,201(1-4):99-107
For bioremediation of copper-contaminated soils, it is essential to understand copper adsorption and chemical forms in soils related to microbes. In this study, a Penicillium strain, which can tolerate high copper concentrations up to 150 mmol l?1 Cu2+, was isolated from a copper mining area. The objective was to study effects of this fungus on copper adsorptions in solutions and chemical forms in soils. Results from lab experiments showed the maximum biosorptions occurred at 360 min with 6.15 and 15.08 mg g?1 biomass from the media with Cu2+ of 50 and 500 mg l?1, respectively. The copper was quickly adsorbed by the fungus within the contact time of the first 60 min. To characterize the adsorption process of copper, four types of kinetics models were used to fit the copper adsorption data vs. time. Among the kinetics models, the two-constant equation gave the best results, as indicated by the high coefficients of determination (R 2?=?0.89) and high significance (p?<?0.01). The addition of the fungal strain to autoclaved soil facilitated increases in concentrations of acid-soluble copper, copper bound to oxides, and of copper bound to organic matter (p?<?0.05). However, the inoculation of Penicillium sp. A1 led to a decrease of water-soluble copper in the soil. The results suggested that Penicillium sp. A1 has the potential for bioremediation of copper-contaminated soils. 相似文献
5.
铜胁迫对植物生长发育影响与植物耐铜机制的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
铜(Cu)是植物生长发育必需的微量营养元素,在光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化系统及激素信号转导等多种生理过程中发挥至关重要的作用,其在植物体内含量过高或不足均会影响植物的正常生理代谢。近年来由于含铜杀菌剂的广泛使用及工业含铜污染物的排放,铜污染对植物生长发育的危害备受关注。研究铜离子对植物生长发育的影响以及植物响应铜胁迫的分子机制,对人们了解植物的耐铜性和铜污染区的植物修复具有重大意义。本文从植物对铜离子的吸收转运及积累,铜胁迫对植物生长发育的影响及植物对铜胁迫的抗性机制3个方面,系统总结了国内外关于植物铜胁迫的研究进展,并提出了需要进一步加强铜胁迫分子调控机制及植物修复方面的研究。 相似文献
6.
Rog B. Parsons 《Geoderma》1978,21(1):25-39
The development and distribution of soils in the Coast Range and Klamath Mountains are related to geomorphic surfaces and slope gradients. Soils over basalt, studied in the Coast Range, were formed in transported materials and include examples of more than a half dozen great groups of the Alfisol, Inceptisol, Mollisol, and Ultisol orders. Distribution patterns of the soils can be related to active slopes, metastable slopes, pediments, ridge tops, flood plains, and alluvial fans. Variables among the factors of soil formation in the Coast Range are chiefly geomorphic surfaces and parent materials.Soils of a lithosequence of pyroclastics, granite and schist in the Klamath Mountains include examples of great groups in the Entisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol orders. All soils from pyroclastics have argillic horizons, those from granite lack argillic horizons, and those from schist lack argillic horizons except on relatively stable surfaces. Average thicknesses of soils over saprolite range from 76 cm over granite and schist to 150 cm over pyroclastics.Lithologic discontinuities are common in both mountain areas. Field techniques for identification, described briefly, include stone lines, irregular distribution of rock fragments with depth, thicknesses of weathering rinds on rock fragments, and the lateral extensions of soil horizons. 相似文献
7.
8.
内生细菌强化重金属污染土壤植物修复研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
近年来,植物修复因其独特的优势备受推崇,尤其是当前植物内生细菌的应用为植物修复重金属污染土壤提供了有效的新方案.在植物修复过程中,耐重金属的内生细菌利用与植物的共生互惠关系,通过自身的抗性系统缓解重金属的毒性,促进植物对其迁移,并通过溶磷、固氮等途径改善植物营养以及分泌植物激素、铁载体、特异性酶、抗生素等作用,促进植物在逆境条件下的生长和对重金属的富集.本文综述了近年来国内外关于重金属抗性植物内生细菌促进植物生长、增强植物对重金属的抗性以及影响重金属在植物体内吸收、转运和积累的作用机制,系统分析了内生细菌促进植物修复重金属污染土壤的机理,并进一步讨论了植物内生细菌在重金属污染土壤植物修复工程中的应用前景与研究方向. 相似文献
9.
土壤石油污染对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究土壤石油污染对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,选取中原油田地区的原油和潮土,通过盆栽试验研究了不同石油污染水平条件下的植物种子发芽率、株高和鲜重.结果表明,土壤中石油含量不同,对黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、白三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)、红三叶草(Trifolium pratense)的各项生长指标影响不同,当土壤中的石油含量较高时,对植物的生长有抑制作用.向日葵(Helianthus annus L.)、棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)、高丹草(Sorghum sudangrass)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)在试验设计石油污染水平范围内发芽率、株高及鲜重受影响较小,能生长在石油污染的土壤上,其中狗牙根,生存能力强,是试验中的最具有修复土壤石油污染研究潜力的植物. 相似文献
10.
Hiyasmin Rose L. Benzon Sang Chul Lee 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(17):2061-2073
Heavy metal (HM) pollution has long been a problem in crop production. However, soils contaminated at low concentration such as areas for food production may have a high risk of biomagnification and food chain contamination. Different methods were used for remediating these polluted environments, but pyroligneous acids (PAs) such as wood vinegar (WV) application are rarely studied. Thus, the effects of WV on metal availability in soils and on the growth of mustard were evaluated by measuring chlorophyll content, biomass, nutrient and metal uptake. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were computed to determine suitable phytoremediation practices. Overall results revealed favorable growth of mustard due to the direct source of nutrients provided by WV. WV decreased the metal concentration in soil and inhibited uptake through phytostabilization. Organic substances associated with WV are naturally endowed with adsorption sites available for chelation, rendering metals less bioavailable. As a result, HM-contaminated soils can now be utilized for food production. 相似文献
11.
Use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil is a new option. A pot experiment was carried out to assess the effect of application of amendments, i.e., swine manure, salicylic acid (SA) and potassium chloride (KCl), on the growth, uptake and translocation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) of ornamental sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on a contaminated soil. The three amendments increased sunflower height, flower diameter, and biomass. Manure significantly decreased Cd and Zn concentrations in sunflower, and thus decreased the bioaccumulation coeffcient (BCF) of Cd and Zn. However, using of KCl markedly increased Cd concentrations in sunflower and the BCF of Cd. Additionally, both swine manure and KCl application increased Cd and Zn translocation from root to aboveground part. Swine manure and salicylic acid reduced the Cd/Zn ratios in flower of sunflower, while KCl significantly increased the Cd/Zn ratios. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the Cd/Zn ratio in the root of sunflower was affected by K/Na ratio in root and soil available potassium (K) concentration. Ornamental sunflower could be grown as an alternative plant in the Cd- and Zn-contaminated soil with KCl application to get the balance between environmental and economic interests. 相似文献
12.
13.
Isabel Rodríguez-Salgado Paula Pérez-Rodríguez Claudia Campillo-Cora Antía Gómez-Armesto Manuel Arias-Estévez Montserrat Díaz-Raviña 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(6):805-818
An excess of available nitrogen (N) in vineyard soil is considered detrimental for vine growth, making a thorough assessment of N mineralization dynamics in vineyard soils before the addition of winery waste necessary. This study assesses the changes in N mineralization in acid vineyard soils amended with bentonite winery waste (BW). Non-amended soil (control), BW and soil-waste mixtures (SBWM) with a low (+L) or high (+H) dose of BW were incubated for six weeks. After 7, 14, 21 and 42 days of incubation, the control soils, BW and SBWM were analysed for net ammonified N, net nitrified N and net mineralized N. Parameters related to the kinetics of N mineralization were also determined. The addition of BW increased the potentially mineralizable N (N0) in the amended soils (58–144% for the highest BW dose), although the mineralization rate was governed by the soil characteristics. Mineralizable N was only a small fraction (<4%) of the total organic nitrogen added to the soil through the BW addition, mainly due to the dominance of the nitrification process in the BW amended soils. These experimental results suggest that the addition of BW may be a suitable amendment for nitrogen fertilization in acid vineyard soil. 相似文献
14.
Native Indians (Macuxi, Ingarikó and Uapishana) in the Raposa–Serra do Sol Indian Reserve have been cultivating forest soils since the early XIX century, especially those derived from dolerite sills, scattered within the quartzitic dominated landscape. Representative soils developed from mafic rocks under Indian shifting cultivation in northeastern Roraima, were submitted to physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses to characterize their pedogenetic characteristics and infer on their status under native Indian shifting cultivation. The soil profiles were classified as: Orthic Ebanic Chernosol (USDA Mollisol), vertic Orthic Ebanic Chernosol (USDA Mollisol), Eutrophic Haplic Cambisol (USDA mollic Inceptisol) and Eutrophic Red Nitosol (USDA Red Alfisol), which occupy, respectively, lower slopes and less dissected terrains (Mollisols) and steeper slopes (Alfisols). The first two are eutrophic, and not typical of the Amazon region. Their mineralogies range from kaolinite/goethite rich upland, deeply weathered Nitosol, to 2:1 clay rich downslope Chernosols. The latter has primary minerals in the silt fraction and high CEC resulting in high fertility. The Nitosols reveal a process of severe topsoil loss, due to widespread sheet erosion from deforestation and shifting cultivation. Chemical analyses showed varied soil fertility, ranging from high levels in the Chernosols to a low level in the non-cultivated Nitosol. Phosphorus levels are limited in all soils, despite the high fertility. The Chernosols located in lowland, flat areas close to the valley floor are more suitable environments for the slash-and-burn native farming system. In the Chernosols and Cambisols, the clay activity below the value limit for this class indicates a current natural process of increasing leaching. The more weathered and eroded Nitosol showed low Fe-oxalate and Si-oxalate levels. Micronutrients such as total zinc and copper, decreased with depth and weathering. The Nitosols showed the highest phosphate adsorption levels (1.574 mg g− 1 of soil) which can be attributed to its clayey texture. Chernosols showed overall lower P adsorption values, increasing with depth. All soils under native Indian cultivation display signs of physical and chemical degradation due to shortened fallow under intense land use pressure in the Raposa–Serra do Sol Reserve. 相似文献
15.
Although zinc (Zn) is an essential element for normal plant growth, it is phytotoxic at high concentrations. To identify oil crops that can be cultivated in Zn-contaminated soil for biodiesel production, the ability of Zn tolerance and accumulation of eight oil crops were evaluated under 200–800 mg Zn kg?1 sand substrates (DW) conditions. Results showed that all crops, except sunflower, could grow quite well under 400–800 mg kg?1 Zn stress. Among them, hemp, flax, and rapeseed showed small inhibitions in plant growth and photosynthetic activities, indicating these crops had a strong tolerance to high Zn concentrations and could be cultivated in Zn-contaminated soils. Peanut and soybean exhibited higher Zn concentrations in shoots, higher bio-concentration factor, and higher total Zn uptake, as well as higher biomass. These crops, therefore, are good candidates for the implementation of the new strategy of cultivating biodiesel crops for phytoremediation of Zn-contaminated soils. 相似文献
16.
Zhan Juan Zhang Qingpei Li Tingxuan Yu Haiying Zhang Xizhou Huang Huagang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(10):3576-3584
Purpose
Chelate-assisted phytoremediation with biodegradable chelates has been considered to be a promising technique to enhance phytoremediation efficiency, while little information is available on phytostabilization. This study aims to assess NTA-assisted phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soils by Athyrium wardii (Hook.).
Materials and methodsA pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different application days (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21) of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) on plant growth, Pb accumulation, and Pb availability in rhizosphere soils of A. wardii grown in soils contaminated with low (200 mg kg?1) and high (800 mg kg?1) concentrations of Pb.
Results and discussionWith the application of NTA, better growth for A. wardii was observed when treated with NTA for 5–14 days for both low and high Pb soils, suggesting potential harvest time. Pb concentrations and Pb accumulation in underground parts of A. wardii grown in low and high Pb soils increased with increasing application time of NTA generally. Similar changes were also found for bioaccumulation coefficients (BCFs) of A. wardii. The greatest remediation factors (RFs) for underground parts and whole plant of A. wardii were observed for NTA application time of 7 and 5 days for low and high Pb soils, suggesting the greatest remediation efficiency. Furthermore, plant growth, BCF, and RF of A. wardii grown in low Pb-contaminated soils were greater than those grown in high Pb-contaminated soils. Pb availability in rhizosphere soils of A. wardii grown in low Pb soils was lower than those in high Pb-contaminated soils.
ConclusionsIt seems to be the optimum for A. wardii to phytostabilize slightly Pb-contaminated soils with the application of NTA for 7 days as taking plant growth, Pb remediation efficiency, and environmental risk into consideration.
相似文献17.
Mohsen Jalali Maryam Goharpour Somayeh Moharami 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(9):1022-1031
Four types of plant residues (fruit waste, potato, sunflower, and wheat) with wide ranges of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) and carbon to phosphorus (C/P) ratios were added to the soil at the rate of 20 g kg?1 (dry weight basis) and incubated for two months. In soils treated with plant residues, the P sorption ranged from 62.0% (potato) to 96.6% (wheat) and from 12.6% (fruit waste) to 50.6% (wheat) when 20 and 1500 mg P kg?1 were added to the soils, respectively. In general, incorporation of plant residues decreased maximum P sorption capacity but increased bonding energy. The maximum P sorption capacity was reduced from 586 mg kg?1to 500, 542, and 548 by wheat, fruit, and potato residues, respectively, but increased to 665 mg kg?1 by sunflower residue. At higher P addition, the highest percentage of desorbed P was observed in soils treated with wheat residue (49.9%); followed by fruit waste (46.5%), potato (43.5%), sunflower (38.8%) and control soils (37.0%). It indicated that the P content of the organic residues had an important role in the sorption and desorption of P in calcareous soils. Among organic residues, sunflower residue showed high sorption and low desorption of P in soils, indicating a higher potential of this organic residue for P retention and reducing surface and groundwater contamination in calcareous soils. 相似文献
18.
Metal Tolerance, Accumulation and Translocation in Poplar and Willow Clones Treated with Cadmium in Hydroponics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Massimo Zacchini Fabrizio Pietrini Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza Valentina Iori Lucia Pietrosanti Angelo Massacci 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,197(1-4):23-34
To evaluate the phytoremediation capability of some poplar and willow clones a hydroponic screening for cadmium tolerance, accumulation and translocation was performed. Rooted cuttings were exposed for 3 weeks to 50 μM cadmium sulphate in a growth chamber and morpho-physiological parameters and cadmium content distribution in various parts of the plant were evaluated. Total leaf area and root characteristics in clones and species were affected by cadmium treatment in different ways. Poplar clones showed a remarkable variability whereas willow clones were observed to be more homogeneous in cadmium accumulation and distribution. This behaviour was further confirmed by the calculation of the bio-concentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (Tf). Mean values of all the clones of the two Salicaceae species showed that willows had a far greater ability to tolerate cadmium than poplars, as indicated by the tolerance index (Ti), calculated on the dry weight of roots and shoots of plants. As far as the mean values of Tf was concerned, the capacity of willows to translocate was double that of poplars. On the contrary, the mean values of total BCF in poplar clones was far higher with respect to those in willows. The implications of these results in the selection of Salicaceae clones for phytoremediation purposes were discussed. 相似文献
19.
根迹土壤根诱导的化学变化对植物吸收重金属的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
It is increasingly recognized that metal bioavailability is a better indicator of the potential for phytoremediation than the total metal concentration in soils; therefore, an understanding of the inffuence of phytoremediation plants on metal dynamics at the soil-root interface is increasingly vital for the successful implementation of this remediation technique. In this study, we investigated the heavy metal and soil solution chemical changes at field moisture, after growth of either Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) or sunffower (Helianthus annuus L.), in long-term contaminated soils and the subsequent metal uptake by the selected plants. In addition, the fractions of free metal ions in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique. After plant growth soil solution pH increased by 0.2-1.4 units and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 1-99 mg L-1 in all soils examined. Soluble Cd and Zn decreased after Indian mustard growth in all soils examined, and this was attributed to increases in soil solution pH (by 0.9 units) after plant growth. Concentrations of soluble Cu and Pb decreased in acidic soils but increased in alkaline soils. This discrepancy was likely due to a competitive effect between plant-induced pH and DOC changes on the magnitude of metal solubility. The fractions of free Cd and Zn ranged from 7.2% to 32% and 6.4% to 73%, respectively, and they generally decreased as pH and DOC increased after plant growth. Metal uptake by plants was dependant on the soil solution metal concentration, which was governed by changes in pH and DOC induced by plant exudates, rather than on the total metal concentrations. Although plant uptake also varied with metal and soil types, overall soluble metal concentrations in the rhizosphere were mainly inffuenced by root-induced changes in pH and DOC which subsequently affected the metal uptake by plants. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):2137-2145
Abstract The distribution of phosphorus (P) in different organic and inorganic fractions was examined in five Argentinean soils of different pedogenesis. Soils were sequentially extracted to determine resin‐P, bicarbonate‐P, and hydroxide‐P fractions. Inorganic P (IP) predominated in all soils, specially moderately resistant IP (MRIP) in Entisol, Vertisol, and Ultisol. Both MRIP and labile IP (LIP) were important in Mollisol. Organic P (OP) was at a lower concentration in all soils and moderately resistant OP (MROP) was highest in all soils, except for the Mollisol. In intermediate evolution soils, labile P (LP) was very important, Mollisol had the highest value of LP%, and the lowest was for the Ultisol, demonstrating greater dynamics of P fractions in the Mollisol, soils of high productivity in the Pampean Prairie. 相似文献