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1.
The effect of dietary carbohydrate complexity on growth, feed utilization and activity of selected key liver enzymes of intermediary metabolism were studied in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 20% of pregelatinized maize starch, dextrin, maltose or glucose. Triplicate groups of fish (117 g initial weight) were fed each diet to near satiation during 6 weeks. No effect of dietary carbohydrate on growth was noticed. Feed efficiency was lower in fish fed the glucose diet than the maltose and dextrin diets. The lowest protein efficiency ratio was observed in fish fed the glucose diet. Six hours after feeding, glycemia was higher in fish fed the glucose diet than the maltose and starch diets. Liver glycogen content was unaffected by dietary carbohydrate complexity. Hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity was higher in fish fed the glucose and the maltose diets, while higher pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was recorded in fish fed the glucose diet than in fish fed the starch diet. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities were higher in fish fed the starch diet compared to dextrin and glucose diets. Data suggest that dietary glucose and maltose are more effective than complex carbohydrates in enhancing liver glycolytic activity. Dietary glucose also seems to be more effective than starch in depressing liver gluconeogenic and lipogenic activities. Overall, dietary maltose, dextrin or starch was better utilized than glucose as energy source by gilthead sea bream juveniles.  相似文献   

2.
饲料中不同糖源对方格星虫稚虫日增重和消化酶的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、木薯淀粉、土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、糊化玉米淀粉为糖源制成7种等氮等脂饲料,投喂方格星虫（Sipunculus nudus）稚虫8周,研究不同糖源对稚星虫日增重和消化酶的影响。结果表明,不同糖源对稚星虫的日增重有显著的影响（P〈0.05）。糊化玉米淀粉组的日增重显著高于其他各糖源组（P〈0.05）;葡萄糖组的日增重显著低于其他糖源组（P〈0.05）;未经糊化的3种淀粉组的日增重显著高于蔗糖、糊精及葡萄糖组（P〈0.05）。消化酶活性的分析结果表明,不同糖源对稚星虫消化酶活性影响显著（P〈0.05）。其中,蔗糖组稚星虫的蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于其他糖源组（P〈0.05）;脂肪酶活性以葡萄糖组最低,显著低于除蔗糖组外的其他糖源组（P〈0.05）。在该研究条件下,大分子糖类（淀粉）的促生长效果优于双糖（蔗糖）和单糖（葡萄糖）,糊化淀粉促生长效果优于未糊化淀粉。  相似文献   

3.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 20% glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and wheat starch respectively. The results indicated that fish fed the wheat starch and dextrin diets showed significantly better weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio compared with those fed the other diets. However, fish fed the glucose diet had a significantly lower survival and condition factor than those fed the other diets. There were significant differences in the total plasma glucose and triglyceride concentration in fish fed diets with different dietary carbohydrate sources. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell and leucocytes were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources, while fish fed the glucose diet showed higher G6PD, PFK and FBPase activities than those fed the other diets. These data indicated that dextrin and wheat starch were the most optimal carbohydrate sources for juvenile cobia.  相似文献   

4.
以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源制成5种等氮等脂饲料,投喂卵形鲳碜(Trachinotus ovatus)8周,研究不同糖源对其日增重、饲料利用和肝脏消化酶活性的影响.结果显示,不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均有显著影响(P＜0.05).糊化玉米淀粉组的日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均最高,显著高于非淀粉糖源组(P＜0.05),而与玉米淀粉组无显著差异(P＞0.05);葡萄糖组的日增重、饲料效率和蛋白效率均最低,显著低于其他糖源组(P＜0.05).消化酶活性结果显示,饲料中的不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹的肝脏消化酶活性有显著影响(P＜0.05).两个淀粉组的蛋白酶活性显著低于分子量较低其他三组(P＜0.05);蔗糖组的淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于除糊精组外的其他糖源组(P＜0.05);脂肪酶活性随着糖分子量的增大而增大.本研究中淀粉类大分子糖类对卵形鲳鲹的促生长效果优于葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精,糊化玉米淀粉组的促生长效果最好.  相似文献   

5.
The ability of juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) to utilize dietary raw wheat meal, raw wheat starch, gelatinized wheat starch and dextrin as energy sources to spare protein for growth was quantified. Energy utilization and protein sparing were assessed by comparing the weight gain, energy retention efficiency, protein retention and body composition of silver perch that had been fed a series of diets in which the basal diet (low carbohydrate) was systematically replaced with graded levels of each carbohydrate ingredient or an inert diluent, diatomaceous earth. The protein content decreased as the carbohydrate content increased, giving four different protein to energy ratios for each of the four carbohydrate sources (except for the 60% inclusion level, at which only three carbohydrate sources were tested). Silver perch were efficient at utilizing carbohydrate for energy to spare protein. Silver perch fed diets containing up to 30% wheat meal, raw wheat starch, gelatinized wheat starch or dextrin exhibited similar growth, protein retention and energy retention efficiency to the fish fed the basal diet. Weight gain of silver perch fed diets containing wheat meal or carbohydrates at 45% inclusion content had significantly reduced weight gain when compared with fish fed the basal diet. However, protein retention and energy retention efficiency were similar or better. Whole‐body protein levels of silver perch remained constant regardless of carbohydrate sources, and there was no evidence of increasing whole‐body lipid concentrations for fish fed diets with up to 60% dietary carbohydrate. Silver perch were more efficient at utilizing processed starch (either gelatinized starch or dextrin) than wheat meal or raw wheat starch.  相似文献   

6.
为探讨在低蛋白水平(40%)下,饲料中不同种类的碳水化合物(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)对大菱鲆幼鱼[(8.12±0.04)g]生长、成活、饲料利用、体组成和血液生理生化指标等的影响,实验在对照组饲料中未添加可消化碳水化合物,含40%的蛋白质和18%的脂肪,然后在对照组饲料的基础上,调节脂肪水平为12%,分别添加15%的葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精配制3组实验饲料。在流水式养殖系统中进行9周的大菱鲆生长实验。结果显示,各处理组大菱鲆成活率均高于95.24%,并且各组间无显著差异;对照组和糊精组大菱鲆的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组。各组间的日摄食率(DFI)没有显著差异。对照组和糊精组饲料效率(FE)显著高于蔗糖组,但葡萄糖组FE与其它各组无显著差异;各处理组间蛋白质和脂肪表观消化率(ADC)未受碳水化合物种类的显著影响,而可消化碳水化合物的ADC依次为:葡萄糖组>糊精组>蔗糖组(。葡萄糖组的能量ADC最高,蔗糖组的最低;除对照组肌肉脂肪含量显著高于其它各组外,碳水化合物的种类对大菱鲆肌肉常规组成及糖原含量无显著影响,但显著影响了肝脏的脂肪和糖原含量。大菱鲆肝脏脂肪含量依次为对照组>糊精组>蔗糖组>葡萄糖组,肝脏糖原含量依次为葡萄糖组>蔗糖组>糊精组>对照组;不同碳水化合物种类对大菱鲆幼鱼血浆葡萄糖含量没有显著影响,但显著影响血浆总氨基酸、胰岛素、总胆固醇(CHO)和甘油三酯(TAGs)的含量。结果表明,本实验条件下,大菱鲆对糊精的利用效率优于葡萄糖和蔗糖,并且不同种类的碳水化合物通过糖脂关联代谢等途径对大菱鲆幼鱼的体组成和血液生理生化指标造成一定的影响。  相似文献   

7.
Bioflocs are rich in a variety of probiotics and bioactive compounds, which have been documented to promote growth, regulate antioxidant status and enhance the immune system. A 60‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects on growth, antioxidant and immune status, NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecules and stress resistance in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski fed different dietary biofloc supplementations. Four hundred fifty R. lagowskii were fed five experimental diets containing graded levels of biofloc from 0 to 160 g/kg (referred to as B0, B4, B8, B12 and B16, respectively). The results showed that biofloc supplementation markedly promoted growth performance (weight gain rate, specific growth rate); improved amylase, lipase and protease activity; and enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, lysozyme, complement C3, complement C4 and immunoglobulin M in the gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, gut and serum. The malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced with treatment B12. In addition, the levels of heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, interferon‐γ and insulin‐like growth factor I were substantially increased with treatment B12 compared to those with the control treatment. Furthermore, biofloc assisted in regulating the expression of NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecule genes, including NF‐κB, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐10, TGF‐β, Nrf2, Keap1, Maf, HO‐1, CAT, GPX, GCLC and CuZn‐SOD. Overall, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with biofloc can promote growth, improve immune and antioxidant status, and enhance NF‐κB/Nrf2 signalling molecule expression and stress resistance in juvenile R. lagowskii. A suitable supplementation level of approximately 120 g/kg biofloc is recommended in the present study.  相似文献   

8.
Two experiments were conducted to ascertain the utilization of different carbohydrate sources and different forms of starch present in bagrid catfish (Mystus nemurus) fry. The nutritional quality and starch forms of cornstarch, dextrin, broken rice, and sago flour were evaluated in a 4 × 2 factorial design. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (400 g kg?1 crude protein) and isolipidic (150 g kg?1 crude lipid), fed to triplicate groups of bagrid catfish fry (initial weight 6.04 ± 0.04 g). Growth studies, enzymatic response and postprandial plasma glucose were observed. A two‐way anova (P > 0.05) analysis of the data obtained showed that the final body weight, specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly affected by carbohydrate source, but not significantly affected by starch form. Fish fed broken rice and corn starch had similar SGR and FCR compared to fish fed with dextrin and sago flour. The postprandial plasma glucose trend in fish fed with corn starch and broken rice showed a gradual increase while sago flour and dextrin‐fed fish peaked at 2 and 3 h, respectively. Lipogenic enzyme (G6PDH) activity were more pronounced than gluconeogenic enzyme (ME) in M. nemurus irrespective of carbohydrate source and starch form. Therefore, we suggest that raw broken rice and corn starch are suitable carbohydrate sources in the M. nemurus diet.  相似文献   

9.
分别以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源配制成5种等氮等脂饲料,对初始体重为(31.24±0.58) g 的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)进行为期56 d 的饲养实验,比较不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹生长、体组成、血液指标和糖酵解酶活力的影响,筛选出最有利于生长的糖种类。结果显示,不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P<0.05),且随糖分子量增大有增大的趋势,其中,糊化玉米淀粉的 WG 和 SGR 最高分别为335.35%和2.62%/d;不同糖源组的脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)、肝糖原和肌糖原含量以及血糖、血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯也有显著性差异(P<0.05),且均为葡萄糖组最高;除己糖激酶(HK)活力外,各糖源组的其他糖酵解酶活力均有显著性差异(P<0.05),亦是葡萄糖组最高。在本实验条件下,卵形鲳鲹对淀粉类大分子糖的利用效果优于葡萄糖等小分子糖类,糊化玉米淀粉组的生长效果最好;不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹糖代谢过程中糖原合成、糖脂转化、糖酵解等途径的相关指标有一定影响。  相似文献   

10.
A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine a suitable carbohydrate source and form for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Ten isoenergetic, isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including five carbohydrate sources (dextrin, potato starch, wheat starch, corn starch and sago starch) and two carbohydrate forms (raw and cooked), were formulated. Results showed that specific growth rate, weight gain percentage, whole‐body lipid and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzyme activity of fish fed with cooked carbohydrates were significantly lower (p < .05) than those fed with raw carbohydrates (p < .05). Similarly, the fatty acid synthase enzyme activity of fish fed with the cooked form of carbohydrates was significantly lower (p < .05) than that fed with the raw form of carbohydrates except fish fed with cooked potato starch. The blood glucose level and malic enzyme activity of fish fed with cooked carbohydrate were significantly (p < .05) higher than those fed with raw carbohydrate. In summary, this study showed that cooked starch is an unsuitable dietary carbohydrate form for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings. The raw forms of dextrin starch and potato are suitable dietary carbohydrate sources for further scientific studies on the carbohydrate utilization of P. hypophthalmus.  相似文献   

11.
Manipulation of the ratio of amylopectin (α‐[1,4] and α‐[1,6] linked glucose) to amylose (α‐[1,41 linked glucose) starches in the carbohydrate fraction of the diet has been used to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammalian models. A 10‐wk feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary amylopectin/amylose ratio on growth and composition of growth of advanced sunshine bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) fingerlings (60 g, initial weight). Fish were fed cold‐pelleted, semipurified, isonitrogenous (35% crude protein), isocaloric (3.6 kcaVg protein), isolipidic (5%) diets containing 25% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate fraction of the diets was composed of either glucose, dextrin, 100% amylopectin/0% amylose, 70% amylopectin/30% amylose, or 30% amylopectin/70% amylose. Diets differing in ratios of amylopectin/amylose were achieved by adjusting the proportion of high‐amylopectin (100% amylopectin) to high‐amylose (70% amylose) corn starch. Diets were fed to fish in quadruplicate 76‐L tanks (seven fish/tank) connected to a brackish water (5‐7%v) recirculating culture system with biofiltration. Weight gain ranged from 195 to 236% of initial weight (60 g) and was significantly greater (P < 0.1) for fish fed diets containing 25% carbohydrate as dextrin or as 70% amylose and significantly lower in fish fed diets in which carbohydrate was composed of 30% amylose, 100% amylopectin, or glucose. Feed efficiency ranged from 0.52 to 0.61 and was higher in fish fed the diet containing the highest concentration of amylose and lower in fish fed the diet containing glucose. Hepatosomatic index was highest (2.71) in fish fed the diet containing glucose and lowest (1.401.45) in fish fed diets containing high‐amylose cornstarch. Intraperitoneal fat ratio was distinctly lower in fish fed diets containing some amylose as compared to those fed diets without amylose. Liver lipid was significantly lower (4.8%) in fish fed the diet containing glucose and almost twice as high (7.3‐8.9%) in fish fed the diets containing any starch. Glycogen content of the liver decreased from approximately 12% in fish fed the diet containing glucose to 5% in fish fed the diets containing amylose. Muscle proximate composition and ratio were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Fasting levels (15 h) of blood glucose in fish reared for 10 wk on the diet containing glucose were significantly elevated (5.5 mmol/L) when compared to fasting levels of those that had been reared on diets containing starch (3.4‐1.1 mmol/L). Fish fed the diet containing glucose exhibited maximum blood concentrations (14.6 mmoVL) 4 h postprandial then rapidly declined to nearly fasting levels within 8 h postprandial. In contrast, maximum plasma glucose concentrations in fish fed diets containing starch were roughly half (6.8‐8.1 mmol/L) those of fish fed the diet containing glucose. Blood glucose in fish fed diets containing dextrin or predominantly amylopectin starch remained elevated longer than that of fish fed diets containing glucose or predominantly amylose starch. Glycemic response appeared to decrease with increasing dietary amylose content. These data suggest that feeding diets in which a greater portion of the starch is amylose may be a useful strategy for improving carbohydrate use in sunshine bass.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of dietary carbohydrate complexity on growth, feed utilization, and glycemia was studied in European sea bass juveniles. Four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 20% pregelatinized maize starch (PGS diet), dextrin (DEX diet), maltose (MAL diet), or glucose (GLU diet). No effect of dietary carbohydrate complexity on growth was noticed. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were lower in fish fed the GLU diet than in the other groups, whereas the opposite was observed for feed intake. Plasma glucose peaked 3–4 h after feeding in fish fed the MAL and GLU diets, whereas in fish fed the PGS and DEX diets the peak was reached 5–6 h after feeding. Peak plasma glucose concentration (13 mmol/L) was higher in fish fed the GLU diet than the other diets (9 mmol/L). Shorter hyperglycemia duration was observed in fish fed the MALT and GLU diets (6 h) than the PGS and DEX diets (10 h). Complex carbohydrates delayed plasma glucose concentration peak compared with simple sugars, whereas the opposite was observed for hyperglycemia duration. Overall, dietary maltose, dextrin, and starch were apparently better utilized as energy source than glucose by European sea bass juveniles.  相似文献   

13.
The nutritional function of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides for omnivorous gibel carp and carnivorous Chinese longsnout catfish were investigated and the ability of these two species to utilize carbohydrates was compared. For each species, triplicate groups of fish were assigned to each of five groups of isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets with different carbohydrate sources: glucose, sucrose, dextrin, soluble starch (acid‐modified starch) and α‐cellulose. The carbohydrates were included at 60 g kg?1 in Chinese longsnout catfish diets and at 200 g kg?1 in gibel carp diets. A growth trial was carried out in a recirculation system at 27.8 ± 1.9 °C for 8 weeks. The results showed that fish with different food habits showed difference in the utilization of carbohydrate sources. For gibel carp, better specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were observed in fish fed diets containing soluble starch and cellulose, but for Chinese longsnout catfish, better SGR and FE were observed in fish fed diets containing dextrin and sucrose. Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter (ADCd) and apparent digestibility coefficient of energy (ADCe) were significantly affected by dietary carbohydrate sources in gibel carp. ADCd and ADCe significantly decreased as dietary carbohydrate complexity increased in Chinese longsnout catfish except that glucose diet had medium ADCd and ADCe. In both species, no significant difference of apparent digestibility coefficient of protein was observed between different carbohydrate sources. Dietary carbohydrate sources significantly affected body composition, and liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) activities also varied according to dietary carbohydrate complexity. Fish with different food habits showed different abilities to synthesize liver glycogen, and the liver glycogen content in gibel carp was significantly higher than in Chinese longsnout catfish. The influence of carbohydrate source on gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis was also different in the two fish species.  相似文献   

14.
Glucose, sucrose, dextrin, starch and a-cellulose were incorporated into experimental rations at three levels (10%, 25% and 40%) and fed to juvenile O. niloticus for 63 days. Inclusion level was adjusted with polypropylene powder. Growth improved as the level of glucose, sucrose, dextrin and starch was increased from 0% to 40%. Carcass fat similarly increased with the addition of assimilable carbohydrate (maximum level 8.2% liveweight). At the 40% level, net protein retention (NPR) was highest on the dextrin diet and lowest on the glucose diet. At 10%, glucose spared more, and at 40%, spared less protein energy in the diet than dextrin, starch or sucrose at corresponding levels. The value of these carbohydrates for replacing protein energy in rations for tilapia is discussed.As a-cellulose was increased from 0% to 40%, growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE), NPR, carcass fat and condition factor were reduced. Growth and FCE on the 25% and 40% a-cellulose diets was lower than the control. The use of a-cellulose as an inert bulker in experimental diets for fish is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
Because of the increasing market potential of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and limited availability of coastal areas for production, culture of L. vannamei at low salinity is a growing trend throughout the world. Dietary manipulation could improve the growth performance of L. vannamei at low salinity. This study reared L. vannamei with glucose, sucrose and corn starch as dietary carbohydrate sources, respectively, at a low salinity. The results indicated that the sucrose and glucose feeding groups showed better growth performance. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition and the results indicated that Proteobacteria were the most prevalent members, but abundance of Actinobacteria decreased while Firmicutes increased in the corn starch‐fed group. Furthermore, bacteria related to complex carbohydrate degradation were in lower abundance, whereas the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria increased in corn starch‐fed group than the other two groups, suggesting that the diet imposes selective pressure on the intestinal microbiota. Complex carbohydrates were not the ideal energy sources for L. vannamei at low salinity because the host has higher energy demand in the stressful conditions while the complex carbohydrate degradation efficiency of the gut microbiota in L. vannamei is limited.  相似文献   

16.
以初始体重为15.49±0.03 mg的方格星虫稚虫为实验对象,分别投喂以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、木薯淀粉、土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、糊化玉米淀粉作为饲料糖源的7种等氮（45％蛋白）等脂（9％脂肪）饲料56d,研究饲料中的糖源对稚星虫生长、成活率及体组成的影响.结果表明,糊化玉米淀粉组增重率和特定生长率最高,显著高于其他各糖源处理组（P＜0.05）,而饲料中糖源对稚星虫存活率没有显著影响（P＞0.05）.体组成分析的结果显示,不同糖源对稚星虫的体水分和体粗蛋白含量均有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,其中,葡萄糖处理组方格星虫稚虫的体水分含量最高,且显著高于土豆淀粉组（P＜0.05）,其他各实验组差异不显著;葡萄糖处理组方格星虫稚虫的体粗蛋白含量最低,显著低于糊化及非糊化淀粉组（P＜0.05）.不同糖源对稚星虫的体粗脂肪含量及灰分含量没有显著影响（P＞0.05）.在本实验条件下,稚星虫对大分子糖类（淀粉）的利用能力显著优于双糖（蔗糖）和单糖（葡萄糖）.另外,玉米淀粉预糊化显著提高了方格星虫稚虫对玉米淀粉的利用.  相似文献   

17.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of carbohydrates with different molecular sizes on growth performance, feed utilization and composition, activity of digestive enzymes, plasma and hepatic metabolites of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Triplicate groups of jundiá (4.08 ± 0.005 g) were stocked in 12 tanks with stocking density of 25 individuals per tank and fed for 40 days with four isonitrogenous diets (37%) and isocaloric diets (3,200 kcal/kg) containing fructose (FRU), sucrose (SUC), maltodextrin (MALDEX) or corn starch (CS). The results showed no significant differences for growth variables and digestive enzymes. Fish whose diet received maltodextrin showed higher levels of deposited body fat and hepatosomatic index. Moreover, the above‐mentioned treatment resulted in lower concentrations of glucose and cholesterol in the plasma of jundiá, higher levels of triglycerides, and lower reserves of glucose and liver glycogen. However, fish fed the starch‐based diet presented higher moisture content, crude protein deposition, and body protein retention coefficient. In that same treatment, the jundiá presented higher levels of plasma glucose and liver protein. In conclusion, the efficiency of using digestible carbohydrates in iso‐nutritional diets for jundiá depends on the size of their molecular structure. The corn starch was the best dietary carbohydrate source for jundiá, based on feed utilization and composition and greater synchronicity between energy utilization and protein synthesis.  相似文献   

18.
吴小易 《水产学报》2007,31(4):463-471
本研究用来评价黄鳍鲷幼鱼对饲料中葡萄糖、麦芽糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和预糊化玉米淀粉的利用。本试验饲料为6种等氮(粗蛋白:45%,干重)等脂(粗脂肪:9%,干重)的半纯化饲料,其中对照组糖源为纤维素。每种饲料设3个平行。试验鱼初始体重为(3.57±0.13)g(平均值±均差)。试验鱼饲养在含18个水族箱的循环系统中。水温保持在(27±1)℃。试验周期为8周。本试验用来评价黄鳍鲷幼鱼对饲料中不同糖源利用的指标为生长指标、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和肝脏的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶。试验结果表明,黄鳍鲷幼鱼体增重、特定生长率、肝体比、肠系膜脂肪体比、饲料效率、蛋白质效率、肝脂肪合成有关酶活性和全鱼、肌肉、肝脏组成均受到饲料中不同糖源的显著影响。预糊化玉米淀粉和麦芽糖组比其它糖源组显著具有更好的体增重和特定生长率,但与对照组没有显著性差异。黄鳍鲷幼鱼生长和体增重与饲料中糖源的复杂性没有相关性。饲喂预糊化淀粉和对照饲料鱼的饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著比其它组高。饲料中糖的添加增加了黄鳍鲷幼鱼的肝体比,但对照组肝体比与糊精组,玉米淀粉组没有显著性差异。预糊化玉米淀粉组肠系膜脂肪体比比其它饲料组要高。结论:基于体增重和特定生长率为指标,饲料中添加25%预糊化玉米淀粉和麦芽糖可以提高黄鳍鲷幼鱼的生长。另外,玉米淀粉预糊化显著提高了黄鳍鲷对玉米淀粉的利用。  相似文献   

19.
Growth, conversion efficiency, body composition, nutrient retention and plasma glucose concentration were evaluated in fingerling catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), (3.25 ± 0.1 g) fed iso-nitrogenous (40% crude protein) and iso-caloric (4.7 kcal g–1 gross energy) test diets containing different sources of carbohydrates (i.e. glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, dextrin, pre-cooked corn-starch or α- cellulose) at the 20% level of inclusion. Each dietary treatment had three replicates of 20 fish each. The growth trial was conducted in 70-L high-density polyvinyl flow-through (1–1.5 L min–1) indoor circular troughs (water volume = 55 L). The catfish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily at 0800 and 1600 h for 6 days a week over ≈ 8 weeks. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were noted in the growth and feed conversion efficiencies when fish were fed the sucrose, dextrin and corn-starch diets. Similarly, growth and conversion efficiencies were similar (P > 0.05) in fish fed the glucose, fructose and maltose diets. The minimum growth and conversion efficiencies were found in fish fed the α-cellulose diet. Post-feeding glucose or maltose resulted in the maximum increase in plasma glucose, followed by sucrose, dextrin, fructose or corn-starch diets, over the 8-h sampling period. Post-feeding α-cellulose produced a relatively low (P > 0.05) variation in the plasma glucose level. Compared to the initial values, higher values of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and body energy, and lower percentages of ash were recorded in catfish fed different sources of carbohydrate. The maximum protein retention rate was seen in fish fed the dextrin diet, while a higher energy retention rate was observed in fish fed the sucrose-based diet. Dietary α-cellulose produced significantly (P < 0.05) lower values of protein and energy retention in fish. The present study indicates that utilization of complex carbohydrates in catfish is more successful with di- and monosaccharides, while dietary α-cellulose is poorly utilized.  相似文献   

20.
Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei farmed at 3.0 psu were fed five diets containing glucose, sucrose, wheat starch, corn starch or potato starch as the carbohydrate (CBH) source. Shrimp were fed for 50 days to explore the effect of dietary CBH source on growth, body composition and ammonia tolerance. The specific growth rate of body length of shrimp fed glucose was the highest and significantly higher than those fed potato starch. The survival rate of shrimp fed glucose was 89.44%, and it was the highest and significantly higher than those fed wheat starch. Whole shrimp body crude protein and lipid of the corn starch group were 140.2 g kg?1 and 10.1 g kg?1 respectively. And they were significantly higher than those fed wheat starch. Shrimp fed potato starch had higher hepatopancreas and muscle glycogen. Shrimp fed sucrose had higher glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and lower pyruvate kinase activities (P < 0.05). Besides, shrimp fed starch produced more B cells in hepatopancreas tubules than those fed glucose or sucrose. Shrimp fed different sources of CBH differed in the number of R cells. After 96‐h of ammonia nitrogen challenge, the survival rate of the treatments from high to low in turn was glucose, wheat starch, corn starch, sucrose and potato starch, and no significant differences were observed among all treatments. Based on shrimp growth and the economic problems of practical production, we recommend wheat starch as CBH source in practical diets for L. vannamei farmed at low salinities.  相似文献   

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