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1.
Although boron (B) deficiency in chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) has been identified in Portugal and B fertilization was carried out in some orchards, the post-treatment evaluations have not been made to date. So the objective of this trial was to confirm the B deficiency and to quantify the effect of B applications to the soil on nut yield and quality. In October 2006, a fertilizer trial was established in a 15 year-old orchard in a very acid soil derived from siliceous schists. Soil liming and a basal fertilization were carried out in 16 trees and two levels of sodium tetraborate (Granubor, 14.6% B) were applied to eight trees: control (B0) and 100 g of Granubor per tree (B1). In the beginning of September chestnut leaves were collected from five trees and analyzed for macro- and micronutrients. Nut productivity was measured per tree and some nut quality parameters were evaluated, including the chemical composition of the kernel (soluble sugars, starch, total fiber, crude protein, and crude fat) in 2007, and dry matter, nut caliber, and fruit damage in 2007 and 2008. Boron fertilization of chestnuts significantly increased nut production: 75% in the first year (8 kg and 14 kg per tree, respectively, in the B0 and B1) and, in the second year, was over four times higher (4 kg and 17 kg per tree, respectively, in the B0 and B1). No significant differences were found in dry matter, nut caliber, nut damage and chemical composition of the kernel in the first year, but in the second year lower fruit damage by chestnut tortrix (P<0.0089) was observed. Foliar analyses exhibit relatively low B concentrations in the control trees (average value of 8 mg kg?1) in both years, while in the fertilized trees the foliar B concentration were in average 61 mg kg?1 in the first year, and 34 mg kg?1 in the second year. The large drop in the foliar B concentration in the second year suggests the need to monitoring the nutrient status of chestnut orchards or more frequent of B application than usual practice.  相似文献   

2.
Pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse on a calcareous soil to study effect of nitrogen (N) on the alleviation of boron (B) toxicity in rice. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of six levels of B (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1 as boric acid), and four levels of N (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg kg?1 as urea) in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Boron addition (higher than 2.5 mg kg?1) significantly reduced the seeds yield. Nitrogen addition alleviated the growth suppression effects caused by B supplements. Yield was increased by application of 2.5 mg B kg?1 at all N levels, but at higher levels, B significantly decreased the yield of rice. Boron concentration declined with increasing N levels. Boron application increased the concentrations of B, potassium, phosphorous (P), and zinc. Nitrogen application decreased the concentration of Zn and increased the concentration of N and P.  相似文献   

3.
Field studies were conducted to assess boron (B) requirement, critical concentrations in diagnostic parts based on yield response curves and genotypic variation by growing three peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars (‘Golden’, ‘BARD-479’, ‘BARI-2000’) on two B-deficient calcareous soils. Boron application significantly increased pod yield of all the cultivars over control. Maximum pod yield increases were: ‘Golden’, 16?23%; ‘BARD-479’, 21?27%; and ‘BARI-2000’, 25?31%. The cultivars varied in B efficiency and cv. ‘Golden’ was the most B efficient (81?86%) while cv. ‘BARI-2000’ was the least efficient (76?80%). Boron requirements for near-maximum (95%) dry pod yield were 0.65 kg ha?1 for ‘Golden’, 0.75 kg ha?1 for BARD-479 and 0.80 kg ha?1 for BARI-2000. Critical B concentrations in shoots and seeds were: ‘Golden’, 33 mg kg?1 and 26 mg kg?1; ‘BARD-479’, 38 mg kg?1 and 31 mg kg?1; and ‘BARI-2000’, 42 mg kg?1 and 33 mg kg?1.  相似文献   

4.
Boron (B) deficiency hampers cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and productivity globally, especially in calcareous soils. The crop is known as a heavy feeder of B; however, its reported plant analysis diagnostic norms for B-deficiency diagnosis vary drastically. In a 2-year field experiment on a B-deficient [hydrochloric acid (HCl)–extractable 0.47 mg B kg?1], calcareous, Typic Haplocambid, we studied the impact of soil-applied B on cotton (cv. CIM-473) growth, productivity, plant tissue B concentration, and seed oil composition. Boron was applied at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg B ha?1, as borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O), in a randomized complete block design with four replications, along with recommended rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn). Boron use improved crop growth, decreased fruit shedding, and increased boll weight, leading to seed cotton yield increases up to 14.7% (P < 0.05). Improved B nutrition of plants also enhanced seed oil content (P < 0.05) and increased seed protein content (P < 0.05). Fiber quality was not affected. Fertilizer B use was highly cost-effective, with a value–cost ratio of 12.3:1 at 1 kg B ha?1. Fertilizer B requirement for near-maximum (95% of maximum) seed cotton yield was 1.1 kg B ha?1 and HCl-extractable soil B requirement for was 0.52 kg ha?1. Leaf tissue B requirement varied with leaf age as well as with plant age. In 30-day plants (i.e., at squaring), B-deficiency diagnosis critical level was 45.0 mg kg?1 in recently matured leaves and 38.0 mg kg?1 in youngest open leaves; at 60 days old (i.e., at flowering), critical concentration was 55.0 mg kg?1 in mature leaves and 43.0 mg kg?1 in youngest leaves. With advancement in plant age critical B concentration decreased in both leaf tissues; that is, in 90-day-old plants (i.e., at boll formation) it was 43.0 mg kg?1 in mature leaves and 35.0 mg kg?1 in the youngest leaves. As critical concentration range was narrower in youngest leaves (i.e., 35–43 mg kg?1) compared with mature leaves (i.e., 43–55 mg kg?1), B concentration in youngest leaves is considered a better indicator for deficiency diagnosis.  相似文献   

5.
Yield‐response correlations with old and improved soil extraction methods for boron (B) are needed. Russet Burbank potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was grown with two, four, and six B treatments applied in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Zero and 1.1, 2.2, or 3.4 kg B ha?1 soil and 0.22 or 0.28 kg B ha?1 foliar treatments were applied. Boron fertilization did not significantly increase tuber yield or quality despite initially low hot‐water‐extractable B (0.34–0.50 mg kg?1), although postseason B for unfertilized treatments increased (0.51–0.57 mg kg?1). Soil‐applied B generally reflected B application relative to the untreated control and the low foliar rates in all three years for the four soil extractions utilized [hot water, pressurized hot water, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–sorbitol, and Mehlich III]. Boron content of potato petiole did reflect application of B in 2 years, but tuber and peel tissues did not consistently reflect application of B.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

Three field experiments at three sites in east Zhejiang Province were conducted to determine the influence of applications of boron (B) on growth, yield, and quality of the red bayberry trees (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zuca) with a manure species of “Buqizhong” in Linhai city. Ground B application or foliar B spraying significantly improved length and incidence rates of spring and summer shoots and increased fruit set rates, which resulted in the increases in fruit yield (13.7–17.5% for ground B application or 13.2–27.3% for foliar B spraying) and in improvement of fruit quality. The optimum yields were recorded with the treatments of ground B application of 40 g tree?1 of borax or foliar B spraying of 2.0 g L?1 of borax. Spring shoot incidents for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree?1 every year during the experiment (4B50) were significantly higher than that for the treatment of ground application of 50 g borax tree?1 only in the first year of the experiment (B50), but the yield difference between them was not significant at P = 0.05. The increased yield effect of ground B application could last for 3 years. Boron application of red bayberry trees can be carried out by foliar-spraying 2.0 g borax L?1 every year or ground application of 50 g borax tree?1 every 3 years. The results of this study showed that application B could significantly improve the growth and increased fruit yield and quality of the red bayberry trees not exhibiting any vegetative symptoms of B deficiency.  相似文献   

7.
Deficiency of micronutrients increasing in field crops, including upland rice in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine requirement of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) boron (B) and iron (Fe) for upland rice grown on a Brazilian Oxisol. The levels used were: Zn (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg kg?1), Cu (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1), B (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg?1) and Fe (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg?1). Plant height, straw yield, grain yield, panicle number and grain harvest index (GHI) were significantly improved with the addition of these micronutrients. Root growth was also improved with the application of micronutrients, except with the addition of B. Maximum grain yield was obtained with the addition of 51 mg Zn, 24 mg Cu, 5 mg B kg?1, and 283 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Similarly, maximum straw yield was obtained with the addition of 38 mg Zn, 17 mg Cu, 6 mg B kg?1, and 1500 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Maximum plant height was obtained with the addition of 54 mg Zn, 10 mg B kg?1, and 1197 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Copper did not affect plant height significantly. Maximum panicle number was obtained with the addition of 22 mg Cu kg?1, 3 mg B kg?1, and 1100 mg Fe kg?1 soil. Zinc did not affect panicle number significantly. Maximum GHI was obtained with the addition of 61 mg Zn kg?1, and 8 mg B kg?1. Zinc was had a linear increase in GHI in the range of 0 to 80 mg kg?1, and Fe showed a negative relationship with GHI.  相似文献   

8.
Boron (B) is an essential microelement, which is necessary for reproductive organs including pollen tube formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and flowering and boll formation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) The study was associated with wheat-cotton rotation in 80 farm fields, belonging to different soil series, in four districts of cotton belt of Punjab, Pakistan to assess concentrations of extractable B in soils [0.05 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) extractable B], and added fertilizer B and their relationship to some soil physico-chemical properties [pH, organic matter (OM), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and clay content], yields and total B concentrations in wheat and cotton plants. All soils had alkaline pH (7.45 to 8.55), high CaCO3 content (2.14 to 8.65%), less than 1.0% OM (0.33 to 0.99%), low plant available-P (Olsen P less than 8 mg kg?1 soil) and medium ammonium acetate extractable potassium (K) (< 200 mg K kg?1 soil). Of the 80 soil samples, 65 samples (81%) were low in available B (<0.45 mg B kg?1, ranging from 0.11 to 0.43 mg B kg?1) Of the corresponding 80 plant samples, leaves B concentrations were below critical levels (<10 mg B kg?1 for wheat; <30 mg B kg?1 for cotton) for all the tested samples for wheat and cotton. The regression analysis between plant total B concentrations and soil extractable B concentrations showed strong linear positive relationships for both wheat (R2 = 0.509***, significant at P <0.001) and cotton (R2 = 0.525***, significant at P <0.001). Further regression analysis between extractable soil B and wheat grain yield as well as between wheat leaves total B and wheat grain yield also depicted strong linear relationships (R2 = 0.76 and 0.42, respectively). Boron fertilizer demonstration plots laid out at farmers’ fields low in extractable B, in each district not only enhanced grain yields of wheat crop but also contributed a significant increase towards seed cotton yield of succeeding cotton crop through residual B effect. In conclusion, the findings suggest that many soils in the cotton belt of Punjab may be low in extractable B for wheat and cotton, especially when these crops are grown on low OM soils with high CaCO3 content.  相似文献   

9.
Boron (B) application is an important strategy in highly productive systems, since this micronutrient is involved in amide syntheses, which is related to the grain yield. In this way, the aim of this work was to evaluate the B fertilization effect in nutrition and production of common beans. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition, in an entirely randomized design, with five B doses (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha?1) and four repetitions. The relative chlorophyll index, dry mass production, level and accumulation of B were measured. Boron levels in leaves of common beans are linearly enhanced after application of increasing B doses. When B level in soil is low (<0.5 mg kg?1), boron doses lower than 4.9 kg ha?1 increase dry mass production, with the highest production observed at a dose of 4.8 kg ha?1, promoting a 56% in dry mass production compared with control.  相似文献   

10.
Boron (B) deficiency is a common factor in light-textured soils causing poor pod filling and yield in large seeded peanut. Field trials were conducted in soils having 0.20–0.45 mg kg?1 available B to find out the effectiveness of commercial-grade B sources in large seeded peanuts. B application induced early flowering, increased pods, yield and yield attributes, shelling and 100-seed weight. Soil application of 2.0 kg B ha?1 as commercial-grade Agricol, Solubor and Borosol increased these parameters to a similar degree as obtained by borax, but were superior over their foliar applications. Similarly, the responses of foliar applications of 1.0 kg B ha?1 as Chemiebor, Solubor and Borosol were more effective in humid areas. However, foliar applications led to scorching of peanut leaves during dry weather. Thus, soil application of 2.0 kg B ha?1 is essential to enhance productivity and pod filling in large seeded peanut.  相似文献   

11.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2591-2602
ABSTRACT

No boron (B) deficiencies have been reported for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the United States and, when occurring elsewhere, reports often lack details of deficiency symptoms and leaf-B critical values. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of B and lime on yield, pollen viability, and to determine diagnostic symptoms of B deficiency in rice. Rice cv. “Bengal” was grown in the greenhouse on a soil acquired from a rice farm from SW Louisiana in the United States, a Caddo silt loam (Caddo sl) (Typic Glossaqualf, fine-silty, siliceous, thermic), treated with 0.44?mg?B?kg?1 (+B) or no B (?B). Split plots were limed at rates of (i) none; (ii) 224?mg?kg?1 CaO+40.3?mg?kg?1 MgO; and (iii) 673?mg?kg?1 CaO+121?mg?kg?1 MgO. Rice was also grown in ?B and +B potting media and in ?B sand culture using nutrient solution identical to that used in other studies of ours. Rough-rice yields from the +B Caddo sl treatment was 11% higher than from the ?B treatment (29.3 vs. 26.3?g?pot?1; P=0.02). The yield increase was likely due to fewer damaged pollen (8%) found from the +B than the ?B treatment (17%; P=0.014). Leaf-B at tillering was 11.3?mg?kg?1 for the B-treated rice and 7.1?mg?kg?1 from the ?B treatment. Liming did not significantly affect leaf B or yields. Boron deficiency symptoms were found only in the ?B sand-culture where yields were 1.1?g?pot?1, 96% less than that from the +B Caddo sl. Symptoms were like those found in our earlier hydroponic studies with twisted and whitish leaf tips starting at tillering and 1-cm white bands across the width of leaves. Maturity was delayed about four weeks. Boron deficiency from the Caddo sl and sand treatments occurred with leaf B≤7?mg?kg?1 and with a Caddo sl soil B of 0.18?mg?hws (hot-water soluble) B?kg?1. Given that no B deficiency symptoms were found in rice experiencing moderate yield loss grown on the rice soil, one must rely on soil and plant analyses to help detect likely candidates for moderate B deficiency.  相似文献   

12.
Pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse on a calcareous soil to study the effect of nitrogen on the alleviation of boron toxicity in canola (Brassica napus L.). The treatments consisted of factorial combination of six levels of B (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg?1 as boric acid), and four levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 75, 150 and 300 mg kg?1 as urea) in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Boron (B) application significantly reduced the yield, whereas N addition alleviated the growth suppression effects caused by B supplements. Boron concentration increased with addition B. However, boron concentration in shoot declined with increasing N levels. Increasing N and B rates increased N concentration. Soil application of B increased proline concentration. However, the supply of N decreased it. Generally, application of B decreased potassium (K):B and calcium (Ca):B ratios, chlorophyll concentration, while N application increased them. It is concluded that N fertilization can be used effectively in controlling B toxicity in canola grown in B-affected soils.  相似文献   

13.
The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach was used to interpret nutrient analyses of leaf tissues from pomegranate cv. Bhagwa orchards grown in southwestern Maharashtra, India. The DRIS norms were established for three growth stages,viz. 50% flowering, fruit development and first harvesting of pomegranate. Various nutrient ratios were obtained from high-yielding population and were used to compute DRIS indices for diagnosing nutrient imbalances and their order of limitation to yield. Nutrient sufficiency ranges at 50% flowering derived from DRIS norms were 1.32–2.15% nitrogen (N), 0.18–0.24% phosphorus (P), 1.29–1.99% potassium (K), 0.64–1.20% calcium (Ca), 0.23–0.45% magnesium (Mg), 0.16–0.26% sulfur (S), 103.04–149.12 mg kg?1 iron (Fe), 39.60–72.85 mg kg?1 manganese (Mn), 15.99–26.10 mg kg?1 zinc (Zn), 6.16–9.32 mg kg?1 copper (Cu), 23.38–39.88 mg kg?1 boron (B) and 0.29–0.47 mg kg?1 molybdenum (Mo). Similarly, the sufficiency range at fruit development and first harvesting was developed for computing DRIS indices. The requirement of Fe, Mg, S, Zn and N by the pomegranate plant was higher at 50% flowering and fruit development stages. According to these DRIS-derived indices, 87.85, 73.83, 70.09, 69.16 and 65.42% orchards were deficient in Fe, S, Mg, Zn, and N, respectively, at 50% flowering, while 70.03, 66.36, 63.55, 61.68, and 68.22% orchards were found to be deficient in respective nutrients during the fruit development stage.  相似文献   

14.
Boron (B) is one of the essential micronutrients having a specific role, particularly during reproductive phase, in rice. In a previous experiment on aerobic rice, panicle sterility was noted as one of the major challenges. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of soil-applied B on tillering, panicle sterility, water relations, and grain enrichment in fine-grain aromatic rice cultivars ‘Super Basmati’ and ‘Shaheen Basmati’. Boron was soil applied at 0.50, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.50 kg ha?1 while the control treatment did not receive B. Rate of leaf emergence and elongation and tiller appearance were significantly improved by B application. Likewise, B application also improved the leaf chlorophyll contents and water relations in both rice cultivars. Substantial improvement in kernel yield and yield contributing traits was also observed by B application owing to decrease in panicle sterility. A linear increase in leaf and kernel B contents was observed with increase in B application rate. However, the range for an optimum B application rate is very narrow and increase of B application beyond 1 kg ha?1 was toxic. In conclusion, soil application of B is an effective way to decrease panicle sterility and increase the kernel yield and grain B enrichment in rice.  相似文献   

15.
Zinc (Zn) has emerged as the plant nutrient limiting rice growth in several parts of the world. About 50% of world soils are deficient in Zn and this is also true for India. An analysis of 0.233 million samples taken from different states showed that 47% of Indian soils are deficient in Zn. In India, Zn deficiency is widespread, especially in the rice–wheat cropping system belt of North India, which has high pH calcareous soils. Zinc is also now recognized as the fifth leading health risk factor is developing Asian countries, where rice is the staple food and Zn nutrition of humans and animals has recently received considerable attention. However, no reports are available on the effect of Zn fertilization on kernel quality of aromatic rices. The present study was therefore undertaken to study the effect of Zn fertilization on yield attributes, grain, and straw yield, Zn concentrations in grain and straw, Zn uptake, Zn use indices and kernel qualities of the aromatic rices. A field study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India showed that Pusa Sugandh 4 (‘PS 4’) is a better than the earlier developed aromatic rice variety Pusa Basmati 1 (‘PB 1’) in terms of grain yield (4.08 tonnes ha?1), kernel quality, zinc (Zn) concentrations in grain and Zn uptake (1,396.9 g ha?1), recovery efficiency (5.2%), agronomic efficiency (122.7 kg grain increase kg?1 Zn applied), partial factor productivity (1,064.7 kg grain kg?1 Zn applied) and physiological efficiency (39,625 kg grain kg?1 Zn uptake) of applied Zn. From the grain yield (4.64 tonnes ha?1) viewpoint an application of 5 kg Zn ha?1 was found sufficient for the aromatic rices grown on ustochrepts of north Indian rice-wheat cropping system belt. Application of 7.5 kg Zn ha?1 increased Zn concentrations in the grain (37.0 mg kg?1 DM) and straw (117.3 mg kg?1 DM) of aromatic rices studied and this is important from the human and animal nutrition viewpoint under Indian conditions.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is grown as a forage crop on many livestock farms. In calcareous soils in eastern Turkey, lucerne production requires boron (B) addition as the soils are naturally B deficient. Field experiments with four B-application rates (0, 1, 3, and 9 kg ha?1 B) were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to determine the optimum economic B rate (OEBR), critical soil test and tissue B values for dry matter (DM) production for lucerne grown on B-deficient calcareous aridisols in eastern Turkey. Boron application increased yield at each site in both years of production. The OEBR and critical soil and tissue B content were not impacted by location. Averaged over the two years and three locations, the OEBR was 6.8 kg B ha?1 with an average DM yield of 12.0 Mg ha?1. The average soil B content at the OEBR was 0.89 mg kg?1 while leaf and shoot tissue B content amounted to 51.8 and 35.5 mg kg?1, respectively. Boron application decreased tissue calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), and increased tissue nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Tissue and soil B increased without impacting yield at B levels up to 9 kg ha?1. We conclude that 7 kg ha?1 B is sufficient to elevate soil test B levels from 0.11 to 0.89 mg kg?1 and overcome B deficiency at each of the sites in the study. Similar studies with different soils and initial soil test B levels are needed to conclude if these critical soil and tissue values can be applied across the region.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

In a greenhouse study, a significant increase in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., cv. Hysun 33) dry matter yield was observed with boron (B) application to a B-deficient (hot water-extractable, 0.23 mg B kg?1) calcareous soil of Missa series (Typic Ustochrept). Six rates of B, ranging from 0 to 8 mg B kg?1 soil, were applied as H3BO3 along with adequate basal fertilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn). Four plants of sunflower were grown in each pot; two were harvested after 4 weeks of germination and the other two after 8 weeks. Maximum crop biomass was produced with 1.0 mg B kg ?1, and application of ≥2.0 mg B kg?1 proved toxic, resulting in drastic yield suppressions. Critical B concentration range for deficiency diagnosis in 4‐week‐old sunflower whole shoots appears to be 46–63 mg B kg?1. However, critical concentration in 8‐week‐old plants was much less (i.e., 36 mg B kg?l), presumably due to a dilution effect. As plant's internal B requirement can vary, in fact manifold, depending on the species, plant part, and plant age, only a relevant criterion can help in diagnosing the deficiency effectively.  相似文献   

18.
The study was carried out between 2008 and 2010 on 8-year-old pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees cultivar ‘Kandhari Kabuli.’ The potential efficiency of bio-organics used along with chemical fertilizers on cropping behavior, quality attributes, nutrient availability, physico-chemical, and biological properties of soil were investigated. Bioorganic nutrient sources, namely, vermicompost (VC), biofertilizers (BF), farm yard manure (FYM), and green manure (GM), along with chemical fertilizers was evaluated in 13 different treatment combinations. Conjoint treatment application of VC at 20 kg tree?1, BF at 80 g tree?1, FYM at 20 kg tree?1, GM as sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) along with 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (N–P–K) chemical fertilizers significantly resulted in maximum fruit set (52.03%) and fruit yield (34.02 kg tree?1). All of the fruit quality characteristics were also improved significantly when compared to nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (N–P–K) chemical fertilizers. This superior combination also enhanced physical-chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere soil. Microbial biomass of in terms of Pseudomonas, total culturable soil fungi, Azotobacter chroococcum, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improved 385.57, 60.26, 134.19, 168.02, and 39.87%, respectively, over control. This combination also resulted in considerable greater concentration of leaf macro-and micronutrients: N (2.63%), P (0.25%), K (1.57%), iron (Fe; 197.87 mg kg?1), copper (Cu; 14.65 mg kg?1), zinc (Zn; 59.36 mg kg?1), and manganese (Mn; 200.45 mg kg?1).  相似文献   

19.
The impact of soil (1, 2 kg ha?1) and foliar (100, 200 mg L?1) boron (B) with control (no B) was evaluated on phenology and yield formation of Camelina each applied at stem elongation and flowering stages. Foliar (200 mg L?1) or soil B (2 kg ha?1) resulted in earlier flowering and maturity, increased fruit bearing branches (19.68%), number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua (4.6%), biological yield (15%), seed yield (24%), harvest index (11.4%) and oil contents (23%) than no B. Increased fruit bearing branches, seed filled siliqua or seed numbers, harvest index and oil quality can be attributed to changes in dry matter accumulated of stem with simultaneous increase in siliqua dry weight with foliar or soil applied B. In crux, foliar (200 mg L?1) or soil applied (2 kg ha?1) B seems promising to improve seed and oil yield, harvest index of Camelina sativa under B deficient condition.  相似文献   

20.
The phytoremediation potential for Pb of Buddleja asiatica (a wild species) and a closely related cultivated species, B. paniculata, was investigated by means of field survey, hydroponic and pot experiments, and field trial experiments. Field surveys showed that B. asiatica had an extraordinary accumulation capacity and tolerance for Pb. Plants grown in soil with 2,369.8–206,152 mg kg?1 total Pb accumulated 1,835.5–4,335.8 mg kg?1 Pb in their shoots. Under hydroponic conditions (10, 20 mg l?1 Pb), both B. asiatica and B. paniculata showed unusually high concentrations of Pb in their roots (12,133–21,667 mg kg?1) and increased biomass production. A pot experiment in a greenhouse without any soil amendments was conducted on three different soils with various Pb contents (10,652, 31,304, 89,083 mg kg?1) for 3 months. The results showed that both species of Buddleja had an increase in the biomass similar to the control plants. There was a slight decrease in survival rates of plants grown in soil with 89,083 mg kg?1 Pb content. A field trial experiment was conducted for 6 months at three sites around the Pb mine area in which plants were provided with Osmocote fertilizer. Both Buddleja species showed 100% survival, increased biomass production and phytoextraction capacity (TF 1.1–2.3) when grown in soil with Pb content of 94,584–101,405 mg kg?1. Plants accumulated 2,273–3,675 mg kg?1 Pb in their shoots. The results suggest these Buddleja plants are suitable for use in the phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

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