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1.
采用湿润好气培养法 ,研究稻草等有机物料腐解过程中酚酸类化合物的动态变化。结果表明 ,稻草、锯木屑、猪粪均含有对羟基苯甲酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸等酚酸化合物。稻草、猪粪中香豆酸含量最高 ,阿魏酸次之 ;木屑中对羟基苯甲酸含量最高 ,香豆酸次之。稻草、猪粪在腐解过程中生成酚酸化合物主要是香豆酸和阿魏酸 ,木屑主要是对羟基苯甲酸和香豆酸 ;三种有机物料中酚酸化合物总量表现为稻草 >猪粪 >木屑 ,在腐解 2 0～ 30天时酚酸量为最高 ,40～ 5 0天时基本稳定 ,酚酸量为最少 相似文献
2.
Lena Hll Dimberg Kerstin Sunnerheim Birgitta Sundberg Kevin Walsh 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):278-281
The three main oat avenanthramides, N‐(4′‐hydroxy)‐(E)‐cinnamoyl‐5‐hydroxyanthranilic acid ( Bp ), N‐(4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxy)‐(E)‐cinnamoyl‐5‐hydroxyanthranilic acid ( Bf ), and N‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxy)‐(E)‐cinnamoyl‐5‐hydroxyanthranilic acid ( Bc ), and their corresponding cinnamic acids, p‐coumaric ( P ), ferulic ( F ), and caffeic ( C ), were investigated for stability to pH, temperature, and UV‐light treatment. The retention of the avenanthramides after processing of oat‐based food products was also analyzed. The avenanthramide Bc and the cinnamic acid C were sensitive to alkali and neutral conditions, especially in combination with heat treatment, whereas the other compounds studied were more stable. The cinnamic acids but not the avenanthramides were isomerized when irradiated with UV‐light. The avenanthramides were restored after processing of oat‐based products. 相似文献
3.
The changes in amount of ether-extractable phenolic substances, individual phenolic adds, organic matter content, and pH value in the decaying process of rice straw were compared at 10, 30, and 50°C under moist and flooded conditions for 70 days. 1) The changes in pH value with time varied markedly according to temperature and water conditions. 2) Phenolic substances in the ether-extractable fraction obtained from the acidified solution of alkaline methanol extract contained undetected phenolic compounds in amounts larger than the phenolic adds detected by gas chromatography. pH value during incubation was hardly attributable to these phenolic substances because of their small quantity. 3) The changes in amount of the ether-extractable phenolic substances with time was mainly due to phenolic compounds other than phenolic acids, and influenced largely by the temperature and water conditions. Their formation and degradation took place rapidly at high temperatures under flooded conditions. 4) From the plots of individual phenolic acids vs. time, it was tentatively concluded that phenolic acids contalned in non-decayed straw were rapidly degraded in the earlier stage, and some of them were newly produced from ether-unextractable precursors in the later stage. These reactions occurred rapidly at high temperatures, especially under flooded conditions. 5) The content of p-hydroxybenzolc acid increased simultaneously with a rapid decrease in p-coumaric acid during the incubation ot straw. The relationship between vanillic acid and ferulic acid was the same. 相似文献
4.
5.
Summary It is commonly assumed that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is largely or partly due to phytotoxic compounds leached from these residues or produced by their decomposition. There has been substantial support for the hypothesis that the phytotoxic compounds responsible for reduced crop yields are phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and ferulic acid. To test the validity of this hypothesis, we studied the effects of nine phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid) on (1) seed germination of corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on germination paper and soil, (2) seedling growth of alfalfa, oats, sorghum, and wheat on germination paper and soil, and (3) early plant growth of corn, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, and wheat in soil. The results showed that although the phenolic acids tested affected germination and seedling growth on germination paper, they had no effect on seed germination, seedling growth, or early plant growth in soil even when the amounts applied were much greater than the amounts detected in soil. We conclude that the adverse effect of plant residues on crop yields is not due to phenolic acids derived from these residues. 相似文献
6.
Eligio Malusà Marco Antonio Russo Chiara Mozzetti Adalgisa Belligno 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):245-258
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphate deficiency on enzymatic activities and on compounds of the secondary metabolism linked with the production of root exudates in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. ‘Bianco di Bagnasco.’ Phosphate deficiency induced a decrease in root total soluble phenolic content, but also caused an increase in total soluble phenolic content of exudates. Alteration of phenolic production was paralleled by increased activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and decreased activity of chalcone isomerase (CHI) in roots. Two isoflavonoids daidzein and naringenin, have been detected in roots; they are considered signal molecules in the chemical trafficking with soil microorganisms. Naringenin content was reduced by phosphorus (P) deficiency, due to lower activity of CHI, the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. On the other hand, daidzein content was higher in –P plants than in the control. The results are discussed, considering the possible roles of phenolics and flavonoids in plant-soil microbe interactions and rizosphere modification. 相似文献
7.
Phenolic acids have been implicated in the process of allelopathy and are, therefore, of interest in plant management as a basis for new herbicide structures. The potential bioavailability of phenolic acids is controlled by sorption–desorption processes in soil. Sorption–desorption of p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid), ferulic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), veratric acid (3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid), vanillic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) was characterized on soils with varying physicochemical properties. The phenolic acids sorbed quickly (<8 h) and in high proportions to the amount applied (average 84% of applied was sorbed). Sorption was irreversible with the batch desorption method used (0.01 N CaCl2 extraction). Pretreatment of soils to remove organic matter and free metal oxides from the soils decreased sorption, particularly in soils with free oxides removed. Statistical analysis suggested that sorption of p-coumaric and ferulic acids was correlated with soil clay content and veratric acid sorption was correlated with several soil factors. In contrast, no consistent relationship between soil characteristics and vanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid sorption was found. Based on the results of these experiments, i.e. the high reactivity of the phenolic acids, it is unlikely that these chemicals would be transported far from their point of origin, limiting their range of influence. It appears that, for phenolic acids to have allelopathic effects on plants, they would have to persist in the soil for long periods, resulting in a buildup of the chemical to high enough levels so that sufficient chemical would be in solution to cause the allelopathic effects, even though they may be strongly sorbed at lower concentrations. 相似文献
8.
利用开放式空气CO2浓度升高(Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment, FACE)平台, 研究了低氮(LN)和常氮(NN)水平下, 大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦叶片酚酸类物质代谢的影响.结果表明, CO2浓度升高对小麦叶片水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸含量的影响随供氮水平的不同而有所差异.低氮下小麦通过提高叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性(30.1%)而使其含量均显著增加, 增幅分别达33.7%、119.6%、26.7%、39.9%和28.6%; 而常氮下PAL活性和酚酸类含量变化均未达显著水平.可见, 大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦酚酸类物质代谢的影响受氮水平的调控, 在未来CO2浓度升高条件下, 选择适宜的施肥水平将显得更为重要.此外, 总酚含量与水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸等含量变化趋势基本一致, 且总酚含量变化的79.6%～151.4%是由这几种酚酸含量变化引起的, 说明CO2浓度升高使水杨酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸和香草酸等含量增加是总酚含量增加的直接原因.低氮条件下大气CO2浓度升高将通过改变酚酸类物质代谢而间接影响小麦与伴生杂草的关系. 相似文献
9.
Phenolic acids in rice straw and its decayed product were surveyed and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. 1) Thirteen kinds of phenolic acids in rice straw and its decayed product were identified. Besides p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, P-coumaric, and ferulic acids which had been already reported, nine phenolic acids were newly identified; these were benzoic, salicylic, syringic, protocatechuic, β-resorcylic, caffeic, sinapic, gallic, and gentisic acids. 2) A gas chromatographic analysis was applied to the micro-determination of major phenolic acids in rice straw and . the decayed products. The methanolic alkaline extracts from them were washed with ether, acidified, transferred into ether, trimethylsilylated, and injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a silicon SE-30 column. The recoveries of p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic acids were more than 90%, and ferulic and syringic acids were recovered at about 70%. 3) The content of each of the above described major phenolic acids in rice straw ranged from 0.002 to 0.037% per dry weight. p-Coumaric acid was contained in the largest amount. Ferulic and vanillic acids followed. In the decayed straw, these contents decreased to 0.002–0.017%. The whole phenolic substances in ether-extracted fraction were present at 0.34%, and the amount decreased to one-third during the decaying process. 相似文献
10.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):447-454
Abstract A dual‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometer (VG‐SIRA 12, Isotech, Middlewich, England) using sealed‐glass combustion sample preparation and an automated single‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry system (RoboPrep Sample Converter interfaced with a TracerMass Stable Isotope Detector, Europa Scientific, Crewe, England) were compared for δ13C analysis. Two hundred twenty four samples of plant and animal tissue were analyzed for S13C using the two systems. Delta 13C values obtained from the two instruments were highly correlated (r2=0.986, P=0.0001). The slope of the relationship was not different from one nor was the Y‐intercept different from zero (Y=‐0.2 + 1.0X; P=0.86 and P=0.28 for the slope and Y‐intercept, respectively). In addition, samples from two complete experiments were run on both mass spectrometery systems and statistical analyses performed. In both experiments, differences between treatments were detectable using the RoboPrep system that were not detectable using the SIRA 12 system. In all cases mean δ13C values were comparable between the two systems, and coefficients of variation were low; well within acceptable experimental limits. 相似文献
11.
为探索热胁迫对丹参迷迭香酸途径关键酶基因表达的影响,采用定量RT-PCR法,以Actin与GAPDH作为内参基因,0~48h叶片cDNA作为模板,对迷迭香酸途径7个关键酶基因PAL、C4H、4CL、TAT、HPPD、HPPR和RAS的表达进行分析。通过试验结果构建出这7个关键酶基因0~48h代谢途径表达图谱。其中,PAL、C4H和RAS受热胁迫影响表达量下降;TAT、4CL和HPPD表达量呈先上升后下降趋势;HPPR表达量前期变化不大,后期呈下降趋势。结果表明热胁迫对迷迭香酸途径关键酶基因表达有极显著影响。该表达时序谱的建立为进一步研究热胁迫与酚酸类成分累积之间的关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
12.
G. Osterc M. Štefančič A. Solar F. Štampar 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):162-168
Abstract In this experiment, we studied the possible involvement of various phenolic acids in the rooting process of two chestnut hybrid clones (Marsol and Maraval Castanea crenata×C. sativa). The phenolic acids were measured in the cutting bases (root emergence zone) and in the cutting leaves. In the cutting bases, several hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, sinapic, ferulic and p-coumaric acid), chlorogenic and ellagic acids were observed, whereas in the cutting leaves only chlorogenic and ellagic acid were investigated. Cutting leaves of the Maraval clone contained a nearly 10 times higher concentration of chlorogenic and seven times higher concentration of ellagic acids than the Marsol clone (lower rooting capacity). In the cutting bases of the Marsol clone, overaccumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids occurred in the period of four days after having been placed in the substrate. During the same period, the concentrations of these acids in the Maraval clone decreased significantly. 相似文献
13.
Fukumoto LR Toivonen PM Delaquis PJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(16):4503-4511
Cut tissues from distinct anatomical locations in iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were subjected to washing in cold (4 degrees C) and warm (47 degrees C) water with or without chlorine to assess their propensity to discoloration during storage. Total protein (Bradford method) and phenolic (TPH; Folin-Ciocalteu method) contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; spectrophotometric method using catechol as a substrate), peroxidase (POD; guaiacol substrate), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; phenylalanine substrate) activities were determined in photosynthetic and vascular tissue from outer and inner leaves. Unprocessed photosynthetic and inner leaf tissues had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of protein and TPH and PPO and POD activities than vascular and outer leaf tissues. PAL activities (on a fresh weight basis) were similar in all tissues. Changes in browning (light reflectance measurement) and phenolic metabolism in all four tissue types were observed during aerobic storage at 5 degrees C over 10 days. PAL activity increased in all tissues after 1-2 days of storage and then gradually decreased. POD activity also increased steadily for the storage duration. Protein content and PPO activity remained constant. Edge browning (measured with a Minolta Chroma Meter) and TPH increased in all tissues, especially in outer vascular tissue. Cut photosynthetic and vascular tissues washed at 4 and 47 degrees C with and without 100 microg mL(-1) chlorine for 3 min were analyzed during 7 days in storage at 5 degrees C. Enzyme activities and accumulation of phenolics in all tissues washed at 47 degrees C were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to controls or tissues washed at 4 degrees C. Chlorine had no additional effect at 47 degrees C but significantly (P < 0.05) reduced browning and accumulation of phenolics in lettuce washed at 4 degrees C. These results showed that inherent differences between tissues affect phenolic metabolism and browning in stored, fresh-cut lettuce. 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2429-2440
Abstract Soil phosphate in solution (PsolCpand equilibrium P concentration (EPCo) are important soil P parameters both for agronomical and environmental purposes. Solution P is the main source from which plant roots adsorb P, whereas EPCo give information about the amount and direction of changes between soluble and particulate P that occur during transport of sediment in stream flow. Changes in Psol and EPCo with soil extractable P (Mehlich 3‐P and Olsen P) were determined following equilibration of 13 Italian soils with five rates of fertilizer P (0 to 100 mg kg‐1). The slope of the regression equation (Y=a+bX) for the relationships between Psol and EPCo (Y), and soil extractable P (X) decreased with increasing soil P sorption. Furthermore, at the same level of Mehlich 3 and Olsen P, higher sorbing P soils had lower values of Psol and EPCo. As a result, changes in Psol and EPCo per unit increase of soil extractable P were closely related (R2 of 0.86 to 0.93) to soil P Sorption Index (SI). Equilibrium P Concentration could be estimated from soil solution P for the studied soils. 相似文献
15.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(5):811-819
This study systematically examined hydrothermal effects of antioxidant substances, such as total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and proanthocyanidin (TPAC) contents, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (P3G), α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherols, and α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocotrienols, as well as antioxidant activities, color parameters, and soluble sugar compositions in red and black rice. It showed that color differences (ΔE ) of black rice were higher than those of red rice caused by boiling. The processed red and black rice exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower TPC, TFC, TPAC, C3G, P3G, and antioxidant activities compared with the raw rice except bound TPC and bound antioxidant activity. Interestingly, soluble free p‐coumaric and ferulic acids had higher contents in cooked red rice, and soluble free protocatechuic, vanillic, and sinapic acids had higher contents in cooked black rice. Boiling caused significant decreases of soluble conjugated phenolic acids and significant increases of insoluble bound phenolic acids in both red and black rice. Increases of total free tocol, glucose, and fructose contents were observed in most red and black rice. To increase the contents of some soluble free and insoluble bound phenolic acids, free vitamin E, and monosaccharides in red and black rice, boiled rice might be a good choice. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):1090-1104
Abstract Cyclophosphates are not adsorbed by soil constituents and can be mobile in the soil profile. Mobile phosphorus (P) sources are of interest in soil science and for agronomic practices. Cyclotri (Na3P3O9; C3P), and cyclotetraphosphate (Na4P4O10; C4P) were compared to linear, ortho‐, pyro‐, and tripolyphosphate in four soils with different chemical, physical, and biological properties to determine their mobility and availability to corn (Zea mays, L.) in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. Cyclophosphate (C3P and C4P) hydrolysis products were evaluated by ion chromatography after incubating for 6 to 192 h with 100 and 200 µg P g?1 soil. Phosphorus distribution and mobility, and plant availability and uptake with time, were determined in 45‐cm columns for four soils. Cyclophosphates sorbed less and moved deeper in all soils compared to the linear phosphates. The results showed that after 24 h a large proportion of cyclophosphates (34% of C3P and 37% of C4P) remained unhydrolyzed in Falba sandy acid soil. Split application of C3P and C4P at planting and at booting stage increased corn yield in sandy acid soil. Results of this experiment suggest that P deficiency after plant establishment can be corrected with cyclophosphates in soils with a low potential for cyclo‐P hydrolysis. 相似文献
17.
In experiments involving feeding, significant amounts of ring radioactively-laheled cinnamic and quinic acids were respired as 14CO2 by the terrestrial isopod Oniscus asellus L.In experiments involving injection, approximately 25% of ring radioactively-labelcd cinnamic acid, phenol and quinic acid were recovered as respiratory 14CO2 during 7 days at 15°C. Less than, or about, 1% of the dose was present in feces and sand occupied by the animal. Only 0. 10 and 4% respectively of the cinnamic acid, phenol and quinic acid were recovered from the body unchanged after 7 days. It is not known whether the test compounds were metabolized by animal oxidases or internal microbes. 相似文献
18.
H. Knicker S. Saggar R. Bäumler P. D. McIntosh I. Kögel-Knabner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,32(3):194-201
To study the effect of Hieracium pilosella L. invasion on the transformations of soil organic matter of New Zealand tussock grassland soils (Ustochrepts), plant material
and soils underneath Hieracium, the surrounding halo, and the adjacent herbfield (depleted tussock grassland) were examined for their chemical composition.
An attempt was made to reveal possible changes in chemical composition of the soil organic matter induced by H. pilosella invasion. Small differences were detected by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the composition of the plant and soil materials from these zones. Most
of the differences in soil organic matter occurred due to differences in the amount and quality of plant-residue inputs. Comparable
amounts of phenolic C were detected in the solid-state 13C NMR spectra of H. pilosella and herbfield vegetation, while alkaline CuO oxidation yielded considerable lower lignin oxidation products for H. pilosella. A slightly higher proportion of these compounds in H. pilosella soil revealed an accumulation and a low degradation rate of lignin compounds under H. pilosella. The HCl hydrolysis and solid-state 15N NMR spectroscopy showed similar chemical compositions of the N fractions of the three different soils. The absence of 15N NMR signal intensity assignable to aniline derivatives or aromatic heterocyclic N indicates that the condensation of phenolic
compounds with N groups plays a minor role in N sequestration in these soils.
Received: 6 September 1999 相似文献
19.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(2):291-297
Edible beans are among the most important grain legumes consumed by humans. To provide new information on the antioxidant phenolics of edible beans, the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in both soluble and bound fractions of 42 edible beans from China were systematically evaluated, with main phenolic compounds identified and quantified in 10 beans possessing the highest TPC. Edible beans contained a wide range of total antioxidant capacity and TPC generally comparable with common grains, fruits, and vegetables, and their bound fractions had significant antioxidant capacity, TPC, and TFC. Red sword bean was found for the first time to show extremely high total antioxidant capacity (ferrous[II] at 235 ± 13.2 μmol/g and Trolox at 164 ± 10.5 μmol/g) and TPC (1767 ± 58.3 mg of GAE/100 g). Phenolic compounds such as catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and protocatechuic acid were widely detected in selected beans. A positive correlation was found between antioxidant capacity (ferric‐reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] values) and TPC, with correlation coefficient r = 0.974 (FRAP value versus TPC) and r = 0.914 (TEAC value versus TPC). Therefore, beans with high antioxidant capacity and phenolic content can be valuable sources of dietary natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress‐related chronic diseases. 相似文献
20.
Zhang C Shen Y Chen J Xiao P Bao J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8268-8272
Phytochemicals such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are present in rice grains, are associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in rice grain also contribute to the antioxidant activity. Biofortification of rice grain by conventional breeding is a way to improve nutritional quality so as to combat nutritional deficiency. Since wet chemistry measurement of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity are time-consuming and expensive, a rapid and nondestructive predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) would be valuable to measure these nutritional quality parameters. In the present study, calibration models for measurement of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were developed using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares regression (PLS), and modified partial least-squares regression (mPLS) methods with the spectra of the dehulled grain (brown rice). The results showed that NIRS could effectively predict the total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity by PLS and mPLS methods. The standard errors of prediction (SEP) were 47.1 and 45.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for phenolic content, and the coefficients of determination ( r (2)) were 0.849 and 0.864 by PLS and mPLS methods, respectively. Both PLS and mPLS methods gave similarly accurate performance for prediction of antioxidant capacity with SEP of 0.28 mM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and r (2) of 0.82. However, the NIRS models were not successful for flavonoid content with the three methods ( r (2) < 0.4). The models reported here are usable for routine screening of a large number of samples in early generation screening in breeding programs. 相似文献