共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Meot-Duros L Le Floch G Meot B Letousey P Jacob B Barbier G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):10913-10918
Composed of a marine plant, Zostera sp., eelgrass slabs are a novel organic substrate for soilless cultures used in tomato production. The benefit of using eelgrass slabs for growing tomatoes was assessed by comparing it with coconut fiber slabs in regard to contamination by Pythium spp. and to the antioxidant properties of tomato fruits. First, tomato root contamination by Pythium spp. was studied by direct plate counting, and a molecular comparison of fungal and oomycete communities was conducted using PCR-DHPLC. Second, the antioxidant properties of tomato fruits were analyzed by measuring total phenol and carotenoid contents and by evaluating radical scavenging activity. Compared to plants grown on coconut fiber slabs, those on eelgrass slabs presented a lower rate of Pythium spp. root contamination. Moreover, culture on eelgrass slabs produced fruits with better radical scavenging activity and higher total phenol content compared to controls. Carotenoid content was not affected by the type of substrate. This study highlights the value of detrital leaves of Zostera sp. as a substrate for soilless culture that reduces root contamination and also promotes the production of tomato fruits with better nutritional value. 相似文献
2.
Ha Duy Truong Chong Ho Wang Tran Trung Kien 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(14):1701-1709
This research was conducted to investigate the effects of different medium compositions on physicochemical properties and the growth of two tomato varieties. Five treatments were applied, combining medium composition with rice husk ash (RHS) and coconut fiber (CF) with the following proportions: 1/3 Peat moss + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T1); 1/3 Vermicompost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T2); 1/3 Cattle manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T3); 1/3 Chicken manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T4); 1/3 Hog manure compost + 1/3 rice husk ash + 1/3 coconut fiber (T5). The results demonstrated that between pH, electrical conductivity (EC) value, and nutrient content in the media, there was a significant difference that led to different concentrations of total macro- and micronutrients in the shoots of both varieties. In addition, the root weight, shoot weight, and root volume were affected by medium composition for two varieties in seedling stage. A mixture of cattle manures composted with RHS and CF under the rate (1:1:1 by volume), respectively, gave the highest value of germination rate, plant height, leaf number, and plant biomass. Medium composition significantly influenced the germination rate and elongation of seedlings, specifically for each tomato variety. Therefore, cattle manure compost as a medium supplement improves seedling quality and growth of the two tomato varieties. 相似文献
3.
不同施氮量对太湖地区大棚蔬菜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响 总被引：29，自引：3，他引：26
在大棚栽培条件下,采用田间小区试验方法观测了太湖地区稻田改种大棚蔬菜的土壤上不同施氮量对一年中两季蔬菜番茄和黄瓜产量、氮肥利用率及品质的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施氮量相比,减氮40%能保持番茄和黄瓜果实产量,习惯施氮反而有导致减产的趋势。减氮40%处理的氮肥当季利用率显著高于习惯施氮,并且随施氮量的增加和土壤供氮水平的提高氮肥当季利用率开始出现降低的趋势。番茄、黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量随施氮量的增加呈线性增加,习惯施氮下番茄、黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量分别达406.1和328.8 mg/kg,其中,番茄硝酸盐含量已经临近我国蔬菜卫生安全标准。各处理中减氮20%~40%番茄可溶性糖含量较高,减氮40%黄瓜维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量最高;氮肥用量继续增加,黄瓜维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量有降低趋势。在太湖地区的大棚生产条件下,比习惯施氮量减氮20%~40%可以保证产量和较好的果实品质;大棚蔬菜生产采取节肥减氮措施具有很大的潜力。 相似文献
4.
Effects of VC application on tomato production and media properties can last for the third successive season, which was verified in this study to evaluate effects of VC application on growth, productivity and fruit quality of cherry tomato for the third season. Six treatments were designed similarly in the first and second seasons (unchanged design compared to the previous season), including: VC with rice husk ash (RHS) and coconut fiber (CF) 0% VC+ 50% RHS +50% CF (T1- control), respectively. 20%VC + 40% RHS + 40% CF(T2), 40% VC+ 30% RHS + 30% CF(T3), 60% VC + 20% RHS + 20% CF(T4), 80% VC + 10% RHS + 10% CF(T5), and 100% VC(T6). The results showed that the pH, EC, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg available in media were increased with the addition of VC. This finding revealed that the addition of VC significantly improved the physic-chemical media properties, increasing the EC and also increasing the macronutrients in the media resulting in substantial increased the yield and quality of tomato fruits. It is concluded that EC of VC was the key factor for the positive increase of the productivity and quality of tomato and the salinity (EC at 3.52 dS/m) causing restriction of water to fruits that resulted in the increase of the total soluble solids in tomato fruit and without affecting yield reduction. 相似文献
5.
基质栽培番茄营养液中氮、钾最佳浓度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
6.
Jessé Fink Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez Caroline Pontes Souza Clovis Pierozan Junior Frank Silvano Lagos Gustavo Frosi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(13):1736-1746
ABSTRACT Although cherry-tomato is becoming more popular in the last years, there are no specific recommendations for P and K fertilization or liming strategies for this specific variety. Our aim was to assess rates of P and K and liming strategies in order to improve the yield of cherry-tomato grown on an Oxisol with a limited P-availability. Two pot experiments were developed. In the first-one, a two-factor factorial design was developed with 4 P (first-factor) and 4 K rates (second-factor), being these rates the 0%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of the recommended fertilization for tomato in South-Brazil. In the second experiment, the soil pH (4.3) was adjusted to 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 with limestone. Soil P-availability, plant growth, diameter, number of fruits and cherry tomato yields were increased with the P addition, while a non-significant effect was observed after adding K. The highest yield was produced with 50% of the suggested amount of P for tomato in comparison with the non-fertilized plants (yield increase of 674%), while higher P rates (100% and 200%) produced a lower yield increase. The significant effect of soil liming was observed on increase of the flower bunches number when the soil pH was amended to 6.5. Cherry-tomato requirements seem to be different from the recommended for other varieties. Our results indicate that higher yields were achieved with a lower amount of chemical inputs than the recommended for tomato in general, stressing the importance of P for tomato cherry production over the other factors assessed here. 相似文献
7.
施钾对有些茄科作物产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Over a period of two years,field experiments were conducted on wto silty loam soils grown with four solanaceous vegetable crops of geggplant(var.serpentinum Bailey),tomato(var.commune Bailey),sweet pepper(var.grossum Bailey) and chilli (var.lengum Bailey),respectively,Each experiment included four treatments with from low to high doses,0-450 kg ha^-1 for eggplant ,tomato and sweet pepper,and 0-270 kg ha^-1 for chilli,of K fertilizers in the from of sulfate of potash(SOP) applied together with N and P fertilizers. One CK treatment without K,N and P fertilzers applied and one treatment of K fertilizer in the form of muriate of potash(MOP) applied at the high level(450kg ha^-1) together with N and P fertilizers were included in the experiments of eggplant,in order to compare the effects of SOP and MOP,The fruit yields of the tested crops increased significantly with the increasing rate of K application.The crops supplied with K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The K fertilizers yielded more stably as the CV% of their yields decreased with the rate of K application,The dry matter and vitamin C contents in fruits of tomato,sweet pepper and chilli,and the sugar content and the titratable acidity level of tomato fruits were increased,and the S/A ratio( ratio of sugar content to titratable acidity) of tomato fruits were decreased by K fertilization,indicating that K fertilization could improve the fruit quality of the solanaceous vegetable crops.However,the high rate of Kfertilizer might lower the dry matter and vitamin C contents of tomato fruits and sewwt pepper fruits.SOP was more effective than MOP in increasing the yield and quality of eggplant fruits at the high fertilization rate;therefore,the choice of applying SOP may be better for high levels of K fertilization. 相似文献
8.
Mohamed M. El-Mogy Cecile Garchery Rebecca Stevens 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(8):727-737
The use of saline water for plant production will become increasingly necessary over future decades. In some cases, fruit quality such as in tomato, can be improved by irrigation with saline water. The influence of different salt concentrations on physiological responses and the expression of some selected genes of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L), cv. West Virginia 106, was examined. Tomato plants were grown in peatmoss substrate and irrigated with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 or 150?mM sodium chloride (NaCl) in a glasshouse. The NaCl treatments of 75, 100 and 150?mM salt resulted in shorter plants, decreased stem width, a lower plant dry weight, fewer flowers, and smaller leaf area, while yield was reduced by treatment with concentrations of 50?mM NaCl and above. Average fruit weight and fruit number were also negatively affected by treatment with 50?mM salt and above. Salinity treatment led to increased fruit total soluble solids, titratable acidity and firmness and improved the taste index. Salt-responsive marker genes identified in Moneymaker were also induced in cherry tomato but not at the highest salt concentrations. Our results indicated that cherry tomato treated with 25?mM NaCl produced fruit with improved quality in comparison with non-salinized control plants without compromising yield, while at 50 and 75?mM the improved fruit quality was accompanied by a reduction in yield. 相似文献
9.
以草炭、椰糠为对照,研究腐熟木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜、丝瓜、茄子、大吊瓜及西瓜的育苗效果,为木薯茎秆作为育苗基质提供依据。育苗结果表明:(1)原木薯茎秆用于番茄育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭育的番茄效果相当;过2 mm筛木薯茎秆对番茄育苗效果不如草炭,但优于椰糠;原木薯茎秆用于黄瓜育苗时,其发芽率、株高、茎粗及真叶数与草炭、椰糠育的黄瓜效果相当;原木薯茎秆对番茄、黄瓜的育苗效果优于过2 mm筛木薯茎秆。(2)原木薯茎秆、过2 mm筛木薯茎秆对丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜的育苗效果不如草炭、椰糠,但对茄子的育苗效果优于椰糠。总的看来,腐熟木薯茎秆可用于番茄、黄瓜、茄子育苗,而不宜单独用于丝瓜、大吊瓜和西瓜育苗。 相似文献
10.
番茄秸秆堆肥提高番茄果实风味的适宜添加比例研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
11.
Carlos Javier Lozano-Cavazos Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar Luis Ibarra-Jiménez Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza Cristóbal Noé Aguilar-González 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(6):515-523
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of animal-based organic nutrition and environmental parameters on tomato fruit quality, as well as to establish relations among colour and morphological values performed by the Tomato Analyzer (TA) software application. Organic tomato fruits produced by three organic nutrient solutions, which consisted of different mixtures of several OMRI certified nitrogen fertilizers and one inorganic nutrient solution (Steiner’s solution) as the control, were evaluated for their polyphenol and carotenoid content. We used Tomato Analyzer (TA) to evaluate fruit size and shape. Moreover, we implemented a digital image analysis tool, Color Test (CT), as part of the TA software application to collect and analyse fruit colour parameters. The application of organic fertilizers positively affected the total hydrolysable and condensed polyphenols of tomato fruits compared to the control. The high air temperature (>30°C) and sub-optimal light intensity negatively affected the carotene content of tomato fruits, as well as their morphological and colour attributes. Plants fed with organic solutions containing ASA + ASB + NK2SO4 showed comparable morphology and fruit colour attributes to those of the control plants that received Steiner’s nutrient solution. The results indicated that the application of organic fertilizers positively affected the total hydrolysable and condensed polyphenols of tomato fruits compared to the control. Plants fed with the Steiner’s nutrient solution exhibited the highest carotenoid content in tomato fruits. Organically produced tomatoes through animal-based fertilizer application displayed similar fruit morphology and colour attributes compared to conventionally produced tomatoes. 相似文献
12.
Mineral and organic fertilizers contain different forms and amounts of nitrogen (N), which can affect yield and product quality. The aim of this study was to determine appropriate amounts of N applied as nitrate (NO ), ammonium (NH ), and organic N (a mixture based on chicken manure) for optimal growth and quality of tomatoes. A pot experiment with sand as substrate was established in a greenhouse with six‐week‐old tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. “Armada”). Nitrogen was applied in nutrient solutions at different NO : NH ratios combined with different chloride levels (NO ‐dominated, NO = NH at low Cl–, NO = NH at high Cl–, and NH ‐dominated, respectively) or as organic N at four N‐application rates (250, 500, 750, 1000 mg N plant–1 week–1). No significant differences in shoot biomass and yields of red tomatoes were observed between NO ‐ or NH ‐fed plants. Nitrogen rates above 750 mg N plant–1 week–1 did not significantly increase marketable fruit yield, but enhanced shoot‐biomass production. The NH ‐N‐dominated treatments (which also had high Cl– concentrations) showed increasing incidence of blossom‐end‐rot (BER)‐infected fruits. In the organic‐N treatments, shoot‐biomass production and yields were lower than in the inorganic‐N treatments, but fruit quality was good with few BER‐infected fruits. The results show that with a total N supply below 750 mg N plant–1 week–1, NH can be used as equivalent N source to NO , resulting in equivalent yields of marketable fruit under the conditions in this experiment. 相似文献
13.
猪粪与化肥配比对基质栽培番茄生长与产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了猪粪与化肥N配比对苏南地区温室基质栽培番茄(辽宁英石大红)生长与产量的影响,试验设猪粪N占总N的比例为0%、30%、50%、70%、100%与无肥对照(CK)6个处理.结果表明:与纯化肥处理比较,猪粪N显著地增加番茄的茎粗、果枝台数、座果数与茎叶生物量,茎粗与座果数分别增加16.8%～27.4%与32.1%～53.6%,但对番茄的株高、叶片数、第一果枝位高度影响较小.②猪粪处理的番茄产量显著地高于化肥处理,比化肥处理增产26.6E.6%,不同猪粪处理之间差异不显著.随着猪粪N增加,番茄前中期果的比例减少、病果率增加,但30%猪粪N处理的番茄不仅产量最高(69.9t/hm2),而且前中期果实的产量与比例也最高(60.7%),是合适的有机无机N的比例.③以腐熟的猪粪与化肥作基肥为主,配合一次追施少量化肥,试验期间仅以水灌溉,能基本满足番茄107天生育期内的养分供应,获得60.7～69.9t/hm2的番茄产量. 相似文献
14.
为解决保健功能型类中药渣带来的生态污染问题,探讨该类药渣作为栽培基质资源化利用的可行性,本试验将中药渣与牛粪分别按5∶0(T1)、4∶1(T2)、3∶2(T3)、2∶3(T4)的体积比配制成4种复合基质,并以市售成品椰糠基质作为对照(CK),采用基质袋培的方式种植秋冬茬番茄,分析中药渣复合基质对番茄的影响,并采用主成分分析和聚类分析对各基质配方进行评价。结果表明,以测定的番茄各指标作主成分分析时,各基质配方的优劣顺序为T2>T1>CK>T3>T4,此外,当综合基质及番茄指标作为归类依据时,这5个配方可以归为3类:第1类CK(良好型)、第2类T1、T2(改良型)、第3类T3、T4(中等型)。综合来看,T2的每株果实产量与CK相比无显著性差异,可达3 435 g,保证了果实产量,且其果实品质包括番茄红素、总黄酮、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性蛋白含量均高于CK,分别能提高281%、8%、98%、54%,改善了果实的保健功效,因此,建议选用药渣与牛粪体积比为4∶1的基质复合配方,用于低成本有机基质配方的开发以及设施番茄高品质栽培。本研究结果不仅可以实现大量保健功能型类中药渣的基质化再利用,解决生态污染问题,还可以为我国设施蔬菜基质袋化高品质栽培提供技术指导。 相似文献
15.
该研究以木薯茎秆为主要原料,鸡粪、蔗渣、有机废物发酵菌曲为辅料将其堆肥基质化处理,旨在探讨木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理的最佳发酵工艺及评价不同处理腐熟后的品质。研究结果表明,基质发酵过程中,其主要理化指标堆温、总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）、碳氮比（C/N）、pH值、全K（TK）、全P（TP）、电导率（EC）等随堆制时间呈现一定的变化规律。基质腐熟后的各项理化指标基本达到栽培基质的要求。综合基质的发酵温度、腐熟周期及无土栽培基质对基质各项理化性质的要求,处理2（木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪）、处理3（木薯茎秆+菌+鸡粪+甘蔗渣）更适合木薯茎秆堆肥基质化处理。 相似文献
16.
High quality fruit production is the cornerstone of marketability. Optimum plant performance depends on the balanced and timely availability of mineral nutrients. In addition to element concentrations, the ratio of nutrient elements in solution plays a determinative role in growth, productivity, quality, and nutrients uptake. In this experiment, the effects of different Potassium:Calcium (K:Ca) ratios (1.6, 1.4, 1.2, 1, 0.85, and 0.6) in nutrient solution were studied on quality attributes of strawberry ‘Selva’. The highest and lowest leaf number and leaf area were observed in K:Ca 1.4 and 1, respectively. The highest fruit pH, electrical conductivity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, vitamin C content, ellagic acid, and color were resulted in K:Ca (1.4) ratio. K:Ca (1.6) ratio produced the highest content of protein. Moreover, K:Ca (0.85) ratio was the most effective treatment on fruit firmness. The increased quality attributes were observed in high K:Ca ratios, hence low K:Ca ratio resulted in increased fruit firmness. In conclusion, nutrient solution containing K:Ca ratios between 1 and 1.6 were suitable for producing strawberry ‘Selva’. Taken together, K:Ca (1.4) was an appropriate ratio for producing strawberry ‘Selva’ in soilless culture with coconut fiber: perlite medium. 相似文献
17.
秋延迟番茄氮、磷、钾优化施肥方案研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用三因子二次饱和D-最优设计(310),研究了氮、磷、钾配施对秋延迟番茄产量和品质的影响,并建立了以氮、磷、钾用量为变量因子,番茄产量和品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析表明,氮、磷、钾对番茄产量和品质均有显著影响,且两两间存在显著的互作效应,但以钾肥对番茄产量、品质的影响较大。在低水平条件下,番茄产量、品质均随氮、磷、钾使用量的增加而提高;当氮、磷、钾用量过多,则导致产量、品质降低。通过计算机模拟运算得出,本试验条件下,番茄产量达140 t/hm2、品质综合评分达95分以上的施肥方案为N 520.2～758.4 kg/hm2、P2O5294.8～367.3 kg/hm2、K2O 1051.5～1299.8 kg/hm2,适宜的N、P2O5、K2O施用比例约为1∶0.52∶1.84。 相似文献
18.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2012,35(3):317-326
AbstractThe study investigated the response to five levels of potassium (K) fertilizer addition on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) performance and soil bacterial communities by negative pressure irrigation (NPI) over two consecutive years. The application of K fertilization positively affected tomato performance under NPI, as indicated by increased yield, quality, growth, and nutrients’ contents of tomato compared with no K addition treatment. High-throughput sequencing of the rhizosphere soil revealed that K additions significantly affected in the bacterial diversity indices according to Chao1, Ace, and Shannon. K addition significantly increased the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and decreased the level of Planctomycetes. There were very prominent increases in the levels of the genus Opitutus, but reduced the content of Sphingomonas and Bdellovibrio compared with no K addition treatment. Furthermore, application of 150?kg K ha?1 (K150) was considered to be beneficial for plant growth and rhizosphere bacterial diversity of tomato. The tomato yield under K150 was considerably increased by 58% and 47% compared with no K addition treatment in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The K150 showed the highest K fertilizer utilization efficiency compared with other K treatments, with K contribution rate and K agronomic efficiency reaching 36.7 and 62.9 as well as 32.0 and 53.6 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Therefore, these findings also demonstrate that K application under NPI not only promotes yield and quality of tomato fruits but also positively affects the rhizosphere microbiome. 相似文献
19.
为缓解草炭基质的使用压力及椰子果实外壳被焚烧丢弃造成的资源浪费和环境污染等问题。本试验以毛粉‘812’为试验材料,研究不同复合基质对番茄幼苗生长、叶片生理活性及光合特性的影响,通过对不同复合基质育苗效果的综合评价筛选出最佳的复合基质配方。结果表明:T9复合基质配方〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）=3∶2.5∶2.5〕的通气孔隙度、气水比、pH、叶绿素相对含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素总含量、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、根系活力、G值及壮苗指数相对较高,分别为10.46%、0.19、7.59、46.59、0.154 mg g?1、1.356 mg g?1、0.18 mol m?2 s?1、9.59 mmol m?2 s?1、11.44 μg（g h）?1、18.67 mg d?1、0.37。利用主成分分析将番茄幼苗的各项指标进行综合评价,结果显示:不同复合基质配方的综合排名由高到低为T9〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶2.5∶2.5〕 > T8〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶3∶1〕 > T6〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 5∶2∶1〕 > T5〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 5∶1∶2〕 > T7〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶1∶3〕 > T1〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶1∶2∶2〕 > T4〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶2∶2〕 > T2〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 2∶2∶2∶2〕 > T3〔V（草炭）∶V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 1∶3∶2∶2〕 > CK〔V（草炭）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 4∶2∶2〕。由此可见,T9复合基质配方〔V（椰糠）∶V（蛭石）∶V（珍珠岩）= 3∶2.5∶2.5〕可作为番茄适宜的穴盘育苗基质配方。 相似文献
20.