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Shuichi Ishizawa Tatsuhiko Suzuki Tomonori Koda Osamu Sato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):129-138
The nature of soil is modified differently depending upon the artificial condition such as its utilization or management. It is therefore expected that the microbiological characteristic of soil is changed also. Greaves1) and Williams2) reported that the reclamation of virgin soil brought about a change of bacterial count. Suzuki et al3) observed that the kind of fungi differed between a virgin and a cultivated soil and that the vegetative mycelium was numerous in the former than in the latter. On the other hand, according to W aksman and Starkey4), the bacterial count differed depending upon the fertility of soil. Singh5) reported also that the number of fungi and actinomycetes was higher in a fertile than in an infertile soil. Lochhead6), and Lochhead and Chasen studied the bacterial flora of a fertile (long-continued application of manure) and an infertile (no fertilizer for many years) soil and found that a certain difference could be observed when morphological, physiological and nutritional classification are tried. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1333-1345
Abstract Accurate and rapid methods for in situ measurement of soil water content of field soils are required for assessment of plant growth conditions, crop water balance, and irrigation scheduling. Advances in electronics have made possible the recent development of a commercially available non‐nuclear resonant frequency capacitance probe (Troxler Sentry 200‐AP) for measuring water content of various materials. However, the performance of this probe to measure soil water content of the field soils in situ has not been widely reported. This study was undertaken to identify the need for field calibration and to understand the calibration process and evaluate the performance of the capacitance probe. A field calibration curve for a Uchee loamy sand was made for the Sentry 200‐AP probe. In situ volumetric soil water content obtained using this calibration curve differed markedly from those obtained using the factory calibration provided with the probe. The capacitance probe was found to be more sensitive at the lower range (<40%) of soil volumetric water content. However it appears to be reliable and to give reproducible results. 相似文献
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A formal compositional study of the proanthocyanidins of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Carménère was conducted in this work. We first characterized the polymeric proanthocyanidins of Carménère skins, seeds, and wines. In addition, the wine astringency was analyzed and compared with Cabernet Sauvignon. Although Carménère wines had a higher proanthocyanidin concentration and mean degree of polymerization than Cabernet Sauvignon wines, the former wines were perceived as less astringent. The low seed/skin proportion in Carménère wines as compared to other varieties, as evidenced by the reduced number of seeds per berry and the higher amount of epigallocatechin subunits of Carménère wine proanthocyanidins, could explain this apparent paradox. 相似文献
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M. A. Haque P. Martinek S. Kobayashi I. Kita K. Ohwaku N. Watanabe T. Kuboyama 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(5):831-837
A combination of increased harvest index and increased seed number per plant may improve wheat yield. We found an accession Triticum durum Desf. var. ramosoobscurum Jakubz. “Vetvistokoloskaya” R-107, whose plant height was short and spike was branched. To characterize R-107, we mapped the genes for semi-dwarfism and branched spike. Semi-dwarf gene Rht_R107 (Reduced height R107) from R-107 was allelic to Rht11 and Rht-B1b on chromosome 4BS. Rht_R107, as well as Rht11, was recessive and insensitive to gibberellic acid. Microsatellite mapping indicated that Rht_R107 was linked to Xwmc48 (1.2?cM) on chromosome 4BS, and Rht11 was also linked to Xgwm495 marker (19.4?cM) on chromosome 4BS. The locus responsible for branched spike in R-107 was mapped by genotyping three F2 populations using microsatellite markers. Phenotypic analysis revealed that branched spike was under control of a recessive allele at a single locus. The bh (branched head) locus was located on chromosome 2AS and the marker Xgwm425 flanked the bh gene proximally. 相似文献
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Qu Xiaojian Zhang Deshi Zhang Xiangyu Wang SiWen Wang Changyou Wang Yanzhen Wang Yajuan Chen Chunhuan Zhang Hong Ji Wanquan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(2):687-698
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng f. ex P.C.Kuo (2n?=?2x?=?14, NsNs) harbor numerous useful genes and exhibit application prospects as a... 相似文献
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Pseudo-first order (PFOM) and pseudo-second order kinetic (PSOM) models are widely used in describing the adsorption kinetics in soils/sediments. This study intends to apply these models to describe the adsorption kinetics of organic contaminants on carbon nanomaterials. However, we noticed several improper applications of these two models. 相似文献11.
The influence of a growth stimulating low Cr III concentration (1.0 μM) on chloroplast ultrastructure, the Fe, Cr, and Mn content of chloroplast extracts, o‐phenantroline extractable leaf Fe, and catalase activity was studied in both Fe‐sufficient and Fe‐deficient bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Chromium supply hardly affected the chloroplast ultrastructure of Fe‐sufficient plants but significantly improved chloroplast ultrastructure in Fe‐deficient leaves. Generally, Cr supply did not significantly influence chloroplast Fe‐content, but increased the Fe/Mn ratio in Fe‐deficient chloroplasts. In leaves from Fe‐deficient plants, o‐phenantroline extractable Fe was significantly increased, while catalase activity was not significantly influenced by Cr supply. The possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of Cr III in Fe‐deficient plants are discussed. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):819-834
Abstract The effect of S fertilization on S and N status and petiole NO3 ?‐N in cotton was observed during the growing seasons of 1980 and 1981. Four sites representing 2 soil subgroups were studied using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Leaf and petiole sampling began one week prior to bloom initiation and continued weekly for eight weeks. Leaf samples were analyzed for S and N and the petioles for NO3 ?‐N. Levels of leaf‐S varied directly with amounts of applied S. Leaf‐N and petiole NO3 ?‐N varied directly with amounts of applied N. Though not always significant, petiole NO3 ?‐N and leaf‐N showed negative correlations with leaf‐S. These results suggest that knowledge of the cotton plant S status may be necessary to interpret petiole NO3 ?‐N for N fertilization of cotton. 相似文献
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W. O. Larbi 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2003,14(5):513-514
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Minimierung von Stoffbelastungen und Sicherung der Nachhaltigkeit sind die beiden Seiten, die Kriterienauswahl und Bewertungsprozeß der Kategorie Düngung prägen. Das Gefährdungspotential der Kategorie wird durch 13 quantifizierbare und kontrollfähige Kriterien beschrieben. Für diese werden ökologische Optima und kritische Belastungen definiert, die die Grundlage für Bewertungsprozesse von Landwirtschaftsbetrieben bilden. Gleichzeitig wird damit ein Rahmen vorgegeben, der standortbezogen den tolerierbaren und damit umweltverträglichen Bereich der Düngung absteckt. Mittels dieses Rahmens können Betriebe umfassend bewertet, Problemfelder identifiziert und Korrekturerfordernisse formuliert werden. 相似文献
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MA Prieto I Rodríguez-Amado JA Vázquez MA Murado 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):8983-8993
The β-carotene bleaching assay, a common method for evaluating antioxidant activity, has been widely criticized due to its low reproducibility, problematic quantification, complex reagent preparation, and interference of different factors (temperature, pH, solvents, and metals). In this work we have examined the effects of these factors and developed a highly reproducible procedure for microplate assay, evaluated the critical points of the method, and proposed a kinetic model for quantifying both antioxidant and prooxidant activities. The application of these tools produced very consistent results, which provide robust and meaningful criteria to compare in detail the characteristics of several well-known commercial antioxidants, as well as several predictable prooxidants, and can be easily applied to natural extracts, food samples, and many other type of compounds. As an example, we have tested a set of commercial antioxidants and some typical lipophilic prooxidants. The activity of the tested antioxidants decreased in the following order: ethoxyquin ? α-tocopherol > butylhydroxyanisole > butylhydroxytoluene ? propyl gallate. On the other hand, hemoglobin and Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Co(2+), and Cu(2+) showed a strong prooxidant effect, and the activity was null in Cd(2+), Ni(2+), and Sr(2+), slightly antioxidant in Mg(2+), and strongly antioxidant in Zn(2+) and Mn(2+). 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):2179-2187
Abstract Serious challenges associated with hot water extraction, the standard extraction method for water‐soluble boron (B), limit its use in commercial soil‐testing laboratories. Several alternatives to make B testing more practical have been proposed and studied; none of the alternatives have readily replaced the hot water method. Two relatively new, promising B extraction methods are pressurized hot water and DTPA‐Sorbitol. Very little reported work compares B extraction values obtained from the standard hot water extraction method and these two alternative methods. This study was conducted to complete an initial step in validating new procedures—extracting the designated nutrient from fertilized, incubated soils by using standard and alternative extraction methods and comparing the resulting values. The three extraction methods were used to extract B from samples of calcareous sand and silt loam soils and limed, loamy fine sand, all which had been treated with 10 levels of B (0–8 mg kg?1) and incubated for 7 and 28 days. The amount of B extracted increased as the rate of B application increased with all three soil‐extraction methods. High correlations (r 0.977–0.999) were observed between extractable B and rate of B application with all three procedures. Correlations between the amount of extractable B using hot water extraction and the value obtained with an alternative extraction method were similar for both methods (r=0.89). Hot water generally extracted the least and pressurized hot water the most B regardless of soil type, rate of application, or duration of incubation. This study suggests the more easily used methods of pressurized hot water and DTPA‐Sorbitol could be recommended as replacements to the cumbersome hot water extraction. 相似文献
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Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - 相似文献
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Eurasian Soil Science - This paper provides a review of the current state of soil geography and budding directions for the development of pedogeographic research. We mention some new ideas in the... 相似文献
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Agnieszka PLACEK Bal Ram SINGH Anna GROBELAK Dariusz W&#;&#;KA &#;sgeir R. ALM&#;S Ma lgorzata KACPRZAK 《土壤圈》2018,28(3):555-560
正Dear Editor,Pinus sylvestris L.is one of the most popular and predominant tree species in Central Europe and Scandinavia.Its cultivation depends on atmospheric conditions,soil fertility,use of fertilizers,and individual characteristics of the trees.Pinus sylvestris L.wood,roots,and needles are used for energy production.Pi- 相似文献