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1.
外源性一氧化氮对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫的作用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
用酸化亚硝酸钠作为一氧化氮(NO)供体处理新收取的柔嫩艾美尔球虫未孢子化和已孢子化卵囊,来探讨外源性NO对球虫卵囊的抑杀作用。另外通过内服亚硝基谷胱甘肽(GSNO)试验来观察外源性NO对球虫病的防治作用。结果表明,酸化亚硝酸钠溶液(pH=1)对球虫卵囊的孢子生殖具有明显的抑制作用,20mmol/L酸化亚硝酸钠溶液对卵囊孢子生殖的抑制率可达100%;但不经酸化的亚硝酸钠溶液和相同pH的盐酸溶液对卵囊的孢子生殖没有明显影响。经20mmol/L以上浓度酸化亚硝酸钠处理的孢子化卵囊也失去了对雏鸡的致病力,但直接内服GSNO溶液则没有明显的抗球虫作用。这提示外源性NO对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫未孢子化和孢子化卵囊均有抑杀作用,但直接内服没有明显的抗球虫病作用。 相似文献
2.
以加燕2号为试验材料,用一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（SNP）、NO清除剂牛血红蛋白（Hb）及SNP类似物亚铁氰化钠处理燕麦植株,研究NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗生长和氧化损伤的缓解效应。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下添加外源NO提高了燕麦幼苗的株高,提高了SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,降低自由基含量和膜脂过氧化程度,表明外源NO能缓解NaCl胁迫诱导的氧化损伤,增强植株的耐盐性。NO供体SNP的类似物亚铁氰化钠（不产生NO）对NaCl胁迫燕麦植株的株高和氧化伤害无缓解效应;施用Hb提高了自由基含量,降低了抗氧化酶活性,而添加外源NO能缓解Hb对燕麦生长的抑制,表明内源NO也可能参与燕麦幼苗耐盐性的调节。 相似文献
3.
Oocysts of Eimeria spp. were isolated from feces of naturally infected sows by conventional flotation. Saturated sodium chloride solution was superior to zinc chloride, zinc chloride/sodium chloride or sugar solution to isolate oocysts. Seven species, namely Eimeria scabra, E. polita, E. perminuta, E. debliecki, E. suis, E. porci and E. spinosa, were identified. The dimensions of oocysts (n = 4088) and sporocysts (n = 3594) were measured with an image analysis system; colour and shape of oocysts were estimated and transformed to numerical values. Of the 4088 oocysts approximately 99% were allocated to the correct species by algorithms calculated on the basis of these values. Rough-walled oocysts (E. scabra, E. polita, E. perminuta, E. spinosa) could be distinguished without previous sporulation in most cases (>97%). Smooth-walled oocysts require sporulation for further classification and were accurately allocated to species in at least 93% of cases. 相似文献
4.
外源一氧化氮对渗透胁迫下黑麦草幼苗光合和生物发光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨一氧化氮(NO)对渗透胁迫下牧草光合生理响应的调节作用,采用水培方法,研究了外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对15% PEG 6000(-0.5 MPa)渗透胁迫下黑麦草幼苗叶片光合色素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光和生物发光强度的影响。结果表明,在渗透胁迫下,外施100 μmol/L SNP显著提高了黑麦草叶片中光合色素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ),明显降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSⅡ激发压(1-qP) 和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)及超弱发光强度、荧光强度和磷光强度。但SNP的这种效应可被NO的清除剂血红蛋白(Hb)所逆转。而100 μmol/L的 NOx-(NO的分解产物)或Na3Fe(CN)6 (SNP的相似物或分解产物)对渗透胁迫无显著改善。表明NO可能通过提高光合色素含量和光能利用率,降低生物发光强度,缓解渗透胁迫对黑麦草光合机构的破坏和光合速率的抑制。 相似文献
5.
亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella）卵囊的孢子生殖具有不可逆地抑制作用，但其作用机理尚不清楚。本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳来分析GSNO对E．tenella卵囊内与糖代谢有关的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、葡萄糖．6．磷酸脱氢酶（G．6．PD）、乌头酸酶（ACO）以及GSNO对卵囊内与抗氧化有关的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响，电泳后经特异染色显示酶活性。结果表明：GSNO处理的未孢子化与孢子化卵囊中均有LDH、（3-6．PD、ACO及SOD活性，这提示外源性NO对球虫孢子生殖的抑制并没有灭活卵囊中LDH、G．6．PD、ACO和SOD的活性或NO对这些酶的作用是可逆的。 相似文献
6.
以 ‘拉丁诺’ 白三叶为材料,采用药理学实验,研究15%PEG-6000渗透胁迫下,离体叶片内源NO荧光产生及NO含量动态变化,NO清除剂及合成抑制剂对白三叶叶片抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达量的影响以及外源NO供体(SNP)对渗透胁迫的缓解效应。渗透胁迫可诱导白三叶叶片NO荧光产生,NO含量升高,提高抗氧化酶活性,上调抗氧化酶基因表达水平,而Hb、NR、NaVO3和L-NAME则显著抑制了胁迫诱导的NO含量、抗氧化酶活性及其基因表达水平的提升;外源根施50 μmol/L SNP促进了胁迫下叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高,并有效减缓了相对含水量的下降,抑制电解质渗透率(EL)和MDA含量的升高。以上结果表明,NO是白三叶响应渗透胁迫的重要信号分子,并可能通过调控氧化酶基因表达和提高抗氧化酶活性,以减轻渗透胁迫对白三叶幼苗的过氧化伤害。 相似文献
7.
Feed additive anticoccidials currently used in Japan were examined for possible effects on oocyst sporulation of Eimeria tenella. Monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid, amprolium plus ethpabate, amporolium plus ethopabate plus sulfaquinoxaline, clopidol, or nicarbazin were given to chickens continuously via the feed at the recommended use level or one-half of that level. Oocysts discharged in feces 7-8 days post inoculation (PI) were collected and aerated for sporulation. Low sporulation rate was noted, when clopidol at 62.5 mg kg-1 was given from 4 to 7 days PI. These oocysts were as infective as oocysts from controls, based on weight gain, feed efficiency, gross lesion score of cecae, and oocyst count 7 days PI. The results of the study indicated that the second schizogony and gametogony are vulnerable to clopidol, as evidenced by oocyst sporulation, but infectivity of these sporulated oocysts was not affected. 相似文献
8.
为了探讨青蒿素（artemisinin,ART）和柳氮磺吡啶（sulfasalazine,SASP）单独给药与联合给药对鸡球虫病的防治效果。试验选用50只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,正常饲养至1周龄时分为5组,2周龄时除空白组外,ART组、SASP组、ART＋SASP组和感染对照组分别以105个/羽的剂量接种柔嫩艾美尔球虫（Eimeria tenella,E.tenella）孢子化卵囊,各给药组于攻虫前3d开始给药至试验结束。试验结束后对各组的抗球虫指数（anticoccidial index,ACI）、卵囊的孢子化率、血清NO含量、脏器指数及血清生化指标等数据进行统计。结果表明,ART、SASP以及两者联合用药均能显著提高鸡群的ACI,并使卵囊的孢子化率降低,缓解了球虫感染所致的NO水平升高,且联合用药效果更明显。这提示ART与SASP联合应用在E.tenella感染的防治中具有增效作用。各组鸡群之间血清生化参数无显著性差异,说明该2种药物均无明显毒副作用。 相似文献
9.
10.
为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响,本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在-20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明:相同保存温度条件下,保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h的E.tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80%;在4℃时粪便保存24 h的孢子化率达到80%以上,保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著(P0.01)低于保存24 h的孢子化率;在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80%以上。 相似文献
11.
为了筛选有效的球虫消毒剂,本研究将柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊分别与16种常用消毒剂和1种高效抗球虫药物溶液（250 mg/L妥曲珠利溶液）混合作用2 h然后在2.5%重铬酸钾溶液中孢子化培养,或混合作用4 h后接种14日龄雏鸡,根据卵囊孢子化率、孢子化抑制率、每克粪便卵囊数量（oocysts per gram of feces,OPG）、病变计分和血便情况评价消毒剂和抗球虫药物抑杀球虫卵囊效果。结果显示,8%氨水对未孢子化卵囊和孢子化卵囊均表现为100%的抑杀效果;250 mg/L妥曲珠利、3%甲醛、4%苯酚、0.5%过氧乙酸、5% NaOH+10% NaCl和5% NaOH对球虫卵囊活性具有一定的抑制作用,孢子化抑制率超过10%,但是对孢子化卵囊抑杀作用不明显;而剩余10种常用消毒剂对球虫卵囊没有明显的抑杀作用。氨水抑杀球虫卵囊条件优化的试验结果显示,1%~8%氨水与未孢子化卵囊作用1 h以上,均可100%抑杀球虫卵囊活性。粪便干扰试验结果显示,粪便不影响2%和4%氨水对球虫卵囊的抑杀效果。本研究结果说明常用消毒剂和抗球虫药物不能有效杀灭球虫卵囊的活性,而氨水是一种高效球虫消毒剂。本研究结果可为开发新型高效球虫消毒剂和球虫病控制提供参考。 相似文献
12.
为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响,本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在．20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0h、24h、48h、72h,通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明：相同保存温度条件下,保存0h、24h、48h、72h的E．tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80％;在4℃时粪便保存24h的孢子化率达到80％以上,保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著（P〈0．01）低于保存24h的孢子化率;在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80％以上。 相似文献
13.
Feces containing Isospora suis oocysts were collected from naturally- and experimentally-infected pigs from four different areas of the United States. The unsporulated oocysts were cleaned, concentrated, mixed with 2.5% aqueous potassium dichromate solution, poured into petri dishes to a depth of 5 mm, and incubated at 25 degrees C. The oocysts were examined with a microscope at 12 h intervals and the stages of sporulation present were counted. Although a few oocysts were completely sporulated after 12 h of incubation, in most fecal samples the majority of the oocysts were not completely sporulated until 24 or 36 h. In the present study, the sporulation time of I. suis oocysts was considered to be less than or equal to 48 h. There were no major differences in the sporulation times of I. suis oocysts from the different sources. 相似文献
14.
盐胁迫下一氧化氮对高羊茅种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
为探讨盐胁迫下草坪草种子萌发如何受到其他外源物质的影响,于2009年9月采用TP发芽法,研究外源一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)供体对盐胁迫下的高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种子萌发和幼苗生长的作用。结果表明:100μM的NO供体硝普钠(Sodium nitroprusside,SNP)可提高盐胁迫下高羊茅2个品种的种子发芽率和生物量,Arid3分别提高107.6%和24.5%,而Houndog5则提高94.5%和14.4%;施用0.1%的NO清除剂牛血红蛋白(Haemoglobin)具有削弱外源NO供体促进种子的发芽率和生物量的作用;NO供体SNP的另一光分解产物亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)没有提高盐胁迫下高羊茅种子的发芽和生物量。因此,盐胁迫下外源NO对高羊茅种子的萌发及幼苗生长具有保护作用。 相似文献
15.
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are excreted nonsporulated in the feces of the cats into the environment. These oocysts must undergo sporulation to become infectious. Little is known about the factors that influence sporulation of T. gondii oocysts. The present study examined the survival of nonsporulated oocysts under refrigerated conditions over 11-week observation period. Microscopic examination of oocysts indicated that no visible development occurred under refrigerator conditions. The nonsporulated oocysts retained their ability to sporulate when placed at room temperature. The numbers of visually viable appearing oocysts decreased over time. Some oocysts in all samples were infectious for mice despite being refrigerated for up to an 11 weeks before undergoing sporulation. Results indicate that nonsporulated oocysts can survive in the environment for at least 3 months and retain their ability to become infectious when placed under appropriate conditions. 相似文献
16.
Saratsis A Regos I Tzanidakis N Voutzourakis N Stefanakis A Treuter D Joachim A Sotiraki S 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):1-9
The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) against ovine coccidia was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. In 3 in vivo trials weaned lambs were allocated into two treatment groups receiving diets with either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or sainfoin. During the trials, which lasted for 7 (trial 1) or 8 weeks (trials 2 and 3), oocysts per gram of faeces (OPGs), faecal scores and weight gain were recorded. In two of the experiments (trials 1 and 3) a reduction in the mean oocyst excretion rates was observed, starting three to four weeks after sainfoin hay feeding. This reduction ranged between 21.3% (trial 1) and 61.7% (trial 3) compared to the control values. As a result, a decrease in the total number of oocysts excreted (expressed as the mean area under the curve of the OPG) was observed from week 4 to the end of the two trials, respectively (trial 1: 42.6% reduction, p=0.05; trial 3: 52.4% reduction, p=0.06). The results did not show any significant diet effect on lamb growth rates and faecal scores. In the in vitro experiments the effect of 39 sainfoin extracts were tested in an oocyst sporulation inhibition assay. The Eimeria oocysts sporulation inhibition throughout the experiments did not exceed 10.7%, showing that extracts of this forages do not have a significant inhibitory effect on Eimeria oocyst sporulation. This was an initial attempt to investigate a possible anticoccidial effect of sainfoin and further studies are needed in order to better understand its mode of action against Eimeria. 相似文献
17.
Ibuprofen (IBU)-a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins with pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is therefore proposed as a candidate molecule for the treatment of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. In all experiments, IBU was administered via drinking water. In a first experiment, chickens were infected at 10 or 21 days of age with oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (5 X 10(4)), Eimeria maxima (3 X 10(4)), and Eimeria tenella (7.5 X 10(3)) and medicated with IBU at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight (BW). In a second experiment, chickens were infected at 6 days of age with 10(4) oocysts of E. acervulina and medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In the third experiment, an inoculum consisting of 5 x 10(4) or 10(5) E. acervulina oocysts was administered at 6 days of age to chickens medicated with IBU at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. In a fourth experiment, the effect of IBU on sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts was studied. Coccidial lesion scores (CLSs), oocyst shedding, and weight gain were used as evaluation parameters in all experiments except the fourth, where weight gain was not taken into account. In addition, the sporulation percentage was determined in the last experiment. No influence of IBU on the indicated parameters was observed after providing the drug at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW, whereas CLSs and oocyst shedding were reduced when IBU was provided at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. However, IBU did not significantly show any effect on the degree of sporulation and infectivity of E. acervulina oocysts at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. 相似文献
18.
Isospora suis is a coccidian parasite infecting piglets soon after birth. While the gross epidemiology of I. suis is well known, little knowledge exists on the ecology of the oocysts. To study the development and survival of oocysts of I. suis under controlled laboratory conditions, known numbers of oocysts ( approximately 200 in each of 4 replicates) were exposed to all combinations of 4 relative humidities (53-100% RH) and 3 temperatures (20 degrees , 25 degrees , 30 degrees C). Determination of viability was based on morphological and fluorescent properties of the oocyst as well as on the permeability of the oocyst wall characterized by inclusion/exclusion of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. The viability of the oocysts was studied over time by fluorescence and light microscopy until <5% of the oocysts were considered to be viable. The sporulation rate increased with temperature, however, the infective sporocyst stage was reached within 24h at all temperatures, while RH did not seem to affect sporulation. Results show a rapid reduction in viable oocysts exposed to high temperatures (25 degrees C and 30 degrees C) in combination with low relative humidities (53% RH and 62% RH), at which conditions oocysts died within 24h. Viability was higher when oocysts were exposed to higher relative humidities (75% RH and 100% RH) as well as a lower temperature (20 degrees C). However, even at 75% RH the oocysts died within 24-60 h at 30 degrees C to 20 degrees C, respectively, while the most favourable condition appeared to be 100% RH and 25 degrees C at which condition the percentage of viable oocysts decreased from 100% to 17% in 96 h. The results indicate that it may be possible to reduce the infection pressure of I. suis in modern sow herds by changing the environmental conditions and/or the management within the farrowing pens, and thereby increase animal welfare without relying on the use of routine medication. 相似文献
19.
盐胁迫下豌豆幼苗对内外源NO的生理生化响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以豌豆品种“陇豌一号”为材料,用NO供体硝普钠、NO清除剂c-PTIO及硝普钠类似物亚铁氰化钠处理豌豆幼苗,研究了内外源NO对盐胁迫下豌豆幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:添加外源NO能明显使盐胁迫下豌豆幼苗胚芽和胚根长、幼苗干重、根冠比及叶绿素含量增加(P<0.05),可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量升高,豌豆幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT 活性增加(P<0.05),叶片质膜相对透性降低,还能减缓MDA含量的上升并提高脯氨酸含量。内源NO对盐胁迫下豌豆幼苗胚芽生长、幼苗干重、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量以及SOD、CAT活性均具有明显的调节作用。因此,内外源NO均可缓解盐胁迫对豌豆幼苗的伤害。 相似文献