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1.
为明确来自苹果树上的1株生防菌LF17对腐烂病菌的抑制作用及其发酵液对腐烂病的防治效果,采用形态学结合16S rDNA和gyrA基因序列分析对菌株LF17进行了鉴定,并通过滤纸法测定了发酵液对腐烂病菌的抑制率,利用涂抹发酵液的方法测定了发酵液对腐烂病的防效。结果表明,菌株LF17发酵液对腐烂病菌的抑菌率为93.80%,与甲基硫菌灵(94.20%)抑菌率相当,显著高于嘧菌酯(42.60%)、辛菌胺(52.80%)和苯醚甲环唑(81.30%);离体枝条防治结果表明,发酵液水剂和膏剂对腐烂病的防效为78.59%～80.40%,与甲基硫菌灵(76.93%)相比差异不显著,与嘧菌酯(44.15%)、辛菌胺(68.25%)、苯醚甲环唑(74.45%)相比差异显著;田间试验表明,涂有发酵液的伤口愈合面积为9.37～9.79 cm~2,病疤复发率为3.82%～4.56%,与其他4种药剂相比差异显著。研究表明菌株LF17发酵液对腐烂病菌有明显抑制作用,且可促进伤口的愈合并显著降低腐烂病的复发。 相似文献
2.
苹果树腐烂病拮抗细菌菌株BJ1的鉴定及其抑菌作用 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
为开发对苹果树腐烂病有效的生防措施,对从山东栖霞苹果果园根际土壤中分离的63株细菌进行了筛选,获得有显著拮抗作用的菌株BJ1。采用玻片法和对峙培养法测定BJ1对苹果树腐烂病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用及其抑菌谱,根据菌株BJ1的形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列对其进行鉴定,并用离体枝条烫伤接种法对腐烂病的防效进行测定。菌株BJ1对腐烂病菌的抑制率为78.38%,其发酵滤液的抑菌率达到70.54%;BJ1可显著降低腐烂病菌分生孢子的萌发率,致使菌丝畸形、分支增多及细胞质外渗;该菌株对常见的8株果树病原真菌具有显著的拮抗作用。经鉴定,菌株BJ1属于微嗜酸寡氧单胞菌Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila。BJ1不同稀释倍数的发酵滤液均对苹果树腐烂病有明显的抑制作用,其稀释50倍发酵滤液的防效仍可达81.06%,表明该菌株具有良好的生防潜力。 相似文献
3.
美澳型核果褐腐病菌对甲基硫菌灵和啶酰菌胺的敏感性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用传统检测方法测定了我国北方地区美澳型核果褐腐病菌对常用杀菌剂甲基硫菌灵和新药剂啶酰菌胺的敏感性,并采用12条ISSR引物对不同抗性水平的菌株进行了分析.结果显示:74株菌株中检测出5株对甲基硫菌灵表现高抗、2株表现低抗的菌株;我国抗性菌株的突变位点与美国加州抗性菌株的突变位点相同;啶酰菌胺对来自我国和美国、新西兰、法国的45株美澳型核果褐腐病菌的EC50分布频率呈单峰曲线,EC50在0.059～0.320 μg/mL之间,平均值为0.174±0.064μg/mL;基于ISSR分析得到的UPGMA聚类组与菌株的来源地及对甲基硫菌灵的抗性无相关性. 相似文献
4.
本文采用单孢分离法对四川汉源和山东烟台等地采集的樱桃果实进行了采后灰霉病的病原菌分离和鉴定;采用区分剂量法分别测定了菌株对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂甲基硫菌灵、乙霉威和二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂腐霉利的敏感性,并进一步分析了抗药性菌株的分子机制。结果表明,分离得到的54株樱桃采后灰霉病菌均为灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea,对甲基硫菌灵的总抗性频率高达79.6%,其中甲基硫菌灵抗性-乙霉威敏感 (BEN R1) 菌株频率为 25.9%;甲基硫菌灵-乙霉威双重抗性菌株 (BEN R2) 频率为53.7%;检测到腐霉利抗性菌株 (DCF R) 9 株,频率为16.7%。甲基硫菌灵抗性菌株在β-tubulin基因上的突变共有2种类型: BEN R1抗性菌株中,第198位密码子发生点突变 (GAG→GCG),编码氨基酸由Glu (E)突变成缬氨酸Ala (A);在BEN R2抗性菌株中,第198位密码子发生点突变 (GAG→GTG),编码氨基酸由Glu (E)突变成缬氨酸Val (V)。DCF R菌株在BcOS1的第365位密码子由ATC突变成AAC或AGC,导致编码的氨基酸由异亮氨酸Ile (I)突变成天冬酰胺Asn (N)或丝氨酸Ser (S)。本研究表明樱桃采后灰霉病菌对甲基硫菌灵和腐霉利存在不同程度抗性,应在加强抗药性监测的同时与其他类型杀菌剂交替使用,延缓抗药性发展。 相似文献
5.
苹果树腐烂病菌拮抗放线菌JPD-1的筛选及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选对苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali具有拮抗作用的放线菌,从苹果树根际土壤中分离获得放线菌,利用平板对峙法和生长速率法筛选拮抗活性较高的菌株,通过菌株培养特征、形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析确定其分类地位,并采用离体枝条烫伤接种法测定所筛选获得的拮抗菌株对苹果树腐烂病的防效。结果表明,从苹果树根际土壤中共分离获得28株放线菌,其中菌株JPD-1对苹果树腐烂病菌的拮抗作用最强,抑制率为72.50%,该菌在高氏合成1号培养基上生长最好,培养7 d时菌落生长旺盛,气生菌丝白色,基生菌丝深粉红色,无可溶性色素产生;经形态特征观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株JPD-1鉴定为公牛链霉菌Streptomyces tau‐ricus。菌株JPD-1发酵滤液对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制率及对离体枝条上苹果树腐烂病的防效均随稀释倍数的增大而减弱,发酵滤液原液使苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝膨大、末端畸形,抑制率为78.14%,对离体枝条上苹果树腐烂病的防效为76.37%。表明分离到的放线菌菌株JPD-1可以用作苹果树腐烂病的生防材料,具有很好的开发及应用前景。 相似文献
6.
苹果树腐烂病内生拮抗放线菌A-2的鉴定及其活性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali为靶标菌,从健康苹果树枝条中获得一株高效内生放线菌A-2。采用生长速率法、对峙培养法和玻片法测定了菌株A-2的抑菌谱及对苹果树腐烂病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响;利用离体枝条烫伤接种法测定了菌株A-2对腐烂病的防治效果。结果表明:A-2发酵滤液对腐烂病菌的抑制率达90%以上,对其他9种常见的植物病原真菌也具有良好的拮抗作用;菌株A-2可导致腐烂病菌菌丝畸形、分支增多和局部膨大;不同稀释倍数的A-2发酵滤液对苹果离体枝条腐烂病均有明显的防效,接种病原菌前后24 h和同时施用500倍发酵滤液的防效均达70%以上。根据培养特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA 序列分析,将菌株A-2鉴定为卡伍尔链霉菌Streptomyces cavourensis。 相似文献
7.
10种化学杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病的防效评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验通过采用抑制菌丝生长、促进伤口愈合以及在离体枝条上的保护和治疗试验,对市售的10种化学药剂进行了防治苹果树腐烂病效果的评价.这些药剂分别为甲硫·萘乙酸、腐植酸·铜、菌毒清、丙环唑、代森铵、丁香菌酯、噻霉酮、辛菌胺·醋酸盐、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达).试验结果表明,不同的测试方法得到不同的排序.在抑菌试验中,抑菌作用最强的药剂是甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)和腐植酸·铜,抑菌带均为5.00 cm,其次为菌毒清、丙环唑和甲硫·萘乙酸.在伤口愈合试验中,甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)和甲硫·萘乙酸对伤口的愈合作用最好,其愈伤组织宽度分别比对照宽2.00 mm和0.92 mm.在离体枝条保护作用试验中,甲硫·蕃乙酸、腐植酸·铜、甲基硫菌灵(日本曹达)处理均未发病.在离体枝条治疗作用试验中,甲硫·萘乙酸、菌毒清、代森铵、甲基硫菌灵(山西北方种业)、腐植酸·铜的病斑平均扩展面积均小于50 mm2,其中甲硫·萘乙酸和菌毒清的防效均为87.5％,病斑面积仅为对照的1.6％和2.2％.综合排序和分析认为,甲硫·萘乙酸是治疗腐烂病效果最好的药剂. 相似文献
8.
为获得对建兰茎腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌具有良好抑菌效果的生防菌，以海洋鱼类为分离来源，室内测定不同海洋细菌菌株的抑菌活性，筛选抑菌率最高的菌株，在此基础上对所筛菌株进行分类鉴定及抑菌谱和防效测定。结果表明：从海洋鱼类中分离获得43株海洋细菌，初筛出10株对建兰茎腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌具有明显抑制作用的菌株，抑菌带宽0.60～1.60 cm，其中菌株BA-3抑制作用最强，抑菌率达87.69%；经形态、生理生化及分子生物学鉴定，确认菌株BA-3为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。该菌抑菌谱广，对建兰茎腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌的室内防效为79.05%，大棚防效74.71%～77.09%，具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
在种植小麦赤霉病高感品种襄麦1321的田间进行施药试验。调查5种药剂:50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂、25%咪鲜胺乳油、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、30%福美双可湿性粉剂分别喷施1~4次处理对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。结果表明,施药24h内降雨对氰烯菌酯的防效影响最大;咪鲜胺防效相对较差,不同施用次数的病指防效为42.51%~64.55%;多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵和氰烯菌酯施用3~4次的处理防效较高,病指防效均达70%以上;福美双的防效随施用次数增多而提高,施用4次的处理防效也达70%以上。 相似文献
10.
为获得对烟草疫霉菌生防效果更佳的拮抗菌株，对多粘类芽胞杆菌LB-9进行基因诱变。利用原生质体电转化法，构建了菌株LB-9的Tn-5转座插入突变体库，获得约2000个转化子，通过平板对峙法筛选出对烟草疫霉菌拮抗能力增强且效果稳定的突变菌株3个，其中编号为A13的突变菌株对烟草疫霉菌的抑制效果达到80%以上，与原始菌株LB-9的抑菌率相比提高了20%以上。采用室内盆栽接种法研究了正突变菌株A13对烟草黑胫病的防控效果，并利用实时荧光定量PCR法初步分析了其诱导烟株体内抗病相关基因的表达。结果表明，正突变菌株A13处理烟株7 d后，对烟草黑胫病的防效高于原始菌株LB-9，防效可达80%以上，同时可诱导烟株体内不同信号通路中抗性相关基因的上调表达。本研究为多粘类芽胞杆菌插入诱变育种方法研究提供了理论支撑，对烟草黑胫病的生物防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
12.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
13.
During a survey conducted from 1998 to 2002, Fusarium proliferatum was found associated with young and adult palms belonging to the genera Chamaerops, Phoenix, Trachycarpus and Washingtonia showing symptoms of wilt and dieback. The fertility and toxicological profile of 36 strains representing different locations and hosts were studied. All of them except two, which were infertile, belonged to mating population D. Both mating types (MATD-1 and MATD-2) were isolated from the same host species, showing a high potential of genetic recombination in the field. Additionally, eight strains were fertile once crossed as female. Toxin analysis showed differences in the ability of strains to produce fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid and fusaproliferin. Only 17 of them produced all the toxins analyzed. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Phoenix dactylifera and P. canariensis using nine F. proliferatum Spanish strains and two reference strains from Saudi Arabia. Eight months after inoculation all strains caused disease, with palms showing lesions on the bases of leaves and development of wilt symptoms similar to those originally observed in affected plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. proliferatum on P. dactylifera in Spain and also the first report of this pathogen on C. humilis, P. canariensis, P. reclinata, T. fortunei, W. filifera and W. robusta. 相似文献
14.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
15.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
16.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
17.
H. J. Miller J. D. Janse W. Kamerman P. J. Muller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(2):55-68
Corynebacterium fascians, which causes leafy gall, has been shown to be responsible for the unusual symptoms recently found in lilies. The symptoms are described and the different bacterial isolates compared by biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments. No evidence could be found for the existence of specialized strains even though considerable variation in virulence could be demonstrated. Although the role of variation in susceptibility of the different lily cultivars should not be underestimated, it would appear that high inoculum levels ofC. fascians in the soil may be largely responsible for these outbreaks.Also included in this study are the results of biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments ofC. fascians which has been isolated fromKalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaea, Hebe andVerbascum.Samenvatting Reeds een aantal jaren was in lelies een woekering in stengelbollen bekend, die echter sporadisch voorkwam en economisch van weinig betekenis was. Tijdens de zomer van 1977 echter trad de ziekte op één enkel perceel zo ernstig op dat zeer aanzienlijke oogstderving het gevolg was. Behalve de stengelbol kan ook de hoofdbol misvormd zijn. Bovendien kunnen misvormde stengelbollen lange spruiten vormen, zgn. sabeltandvorming. Soms is het wortelstelsel gereduceerd; in de kas zijn verdikte stengels waargenomen. De ziekte staat nu bekend onder de naam woekerziekte.Door de PD te Wageningen en het LBO te Lisse werd de bacterieCorynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dows. uit het zieke materiaal geïsoleerd. In gezamenlijk onderzoek werd nagegaan of de bacterie de veroorzaker is van bovengenoemde symptomen en of hier sprake is van een op lelie gespecialiseerde stam.Biochemische en serologische vergelijkingen tussen isolaten vanC. fascians uit lelie,Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaeea, Hebe enVerbascum laten zien dat er zeer weinig verschillen bestaan. Alle isolaten reageren op een standaard antiserum met titers variërend tussen 1: 640–1: 5120.Een oriënterende inoculatieproef werd uitgevoerd op het LBO in 1977. Daarna werden op de PD 10 van de 25 isolaten uit lelie en 8 uit andere waardplanten getoetst op lelie, chrysant en lathyrus. Uit de inoculatieproeven blijkt, dat de bacterie de veroorzaker is van de waargenomen symptomen. Tussen de isolaten blijkt een groot verschil in pathogeniteit te bestaan (12–100% aantasting), zonder dat dit aan herkomst gebonden is. Het voorkomen van op lelie of andere waardplanten gespecialiseerde stammen is daarom niet aan te nemen.In hoeverre de hevige aantasting een gevolg is van een opbouw van de bacterie-populatie door een te nauwe vruchtwisseling en mechanische rooimethoden moet worden nagegaan. 相似文献
18.
Potato seed tubers are imported to Israel from northern Europe and planted in spring; tubers harvested early from the spring
crop are used as seed for the autumn crop. Although only seed lots registered as certified are imported, a previous survey
(1984–1994) indicated that most imported lots were affected by latent or active infections caused byErwinia carotovora,Streptomyces scabies, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. andSpongospora subterranae. The survey was extended until 1998, and included additional pathogens:Ralstonia solanacearum,Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes andVerticillium dahliae. Most of these pathogens were also monitored in domestic seed tubers, and are reported for the first time. Brown rot was not
observed in any of the imported lots. Blackleg and soft rot caused byErwinia spp. were detected in most of the imported lots; however, less than 7% of the lots were contaminated at high levels, while
approximately 65% were contaminated at moderate levels. Common scab was detected in most of the imported lots; 51% of the
imported lots were contaminated at moderate or high levels, whereas only 6.5% of the domestic seed lots were contaminated
at these levels. Black scurf was detected in most of the imported lots; on average, 47.3%, 44.2% and 1.4% of the lots were
contaminated at low, moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 7.1% were disease-free. In contrast, most of the domestic
lots were either disease-free (45.4%) or had a low disease incidence (37.3%). Only 16.7% of the lots were moderately infected
and 0.2% were highly contaminated. Silver scurf was observed in most of the imported lots during all years of the survey,
with no differences among the producing countries; on average, 22.7%, 66.1% and 7.5% of the lots were contaminated at low,
moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 3.7% were disease-free. Most of the domestic lots (76%) were disease-free
and only 6.6% were infected at moderate or high levels. Black dot was observed in a considerable portion of the shipments
from Holland during all years of the survey, particularly in 1998, when 34% of the lots were infected. The shipments from
France and Germany were infected at low levels, except in 1998, when 19% and 11% of the lots, respectively, arrived infected.
In shipments from Scotland and Ireland low incidences of the disease were observed in 1994 and 1995. In the domestic lots,
black dot incidence was low (<2.4%) except in 1996, when 11% of the lots were infected.V. dahliae was monitored only in domestic seed tubers. The incidence of disease-free lots was 56–64%, whereas in 20–30% of the lots
the level of infection was <5%, and in 6–16% of the lots the level was >5%. The survey findings demonstrate transmission of
seedborne pathogens; most of these pathogens can become established in the soil and eventually cause severe outbreaks of disease
in potatoes grown in Israel.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 16, 1999. 相似文献
19.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
20.
Meira Bar-Eyal Edna Sharon Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):427-433
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against
plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and
in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than
the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also
against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. 相似文献