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1.
河南省小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河南省小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了戊唑醇对2016年自该省11个县(市)分离的113株病菌菌丝生长的毒力。结果表明,戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长最低抑制浓度为4μg·mL-1,对供试菌株的EC50值变化范围为0.010～0.237μg·mL-1,平均EC50为0.057±0.041μg·mL-1;敏感性频率分布图显示,病菌群体中虽然出现了对戊唑醇敏感性下降的亚群体,但仍有81.4%的菌株的敏感性频率呈正态分布,可将此部分菌株的平均EC50值(0.041±0.016μg·mL-1)作为小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇的敏感性基线;方差分析(LSD法)及SPSS聚类结果均显示,同一县(市)内的菌株对戊唑醇的敏感性差异较大,EC50最大值和最小值之比变化范围为1.10～14.23,而除周口沈丘及洛阳孟津菌株外,其余地区菌株对戊唑醇敏感性差异不明显,对戊唑醇的EC50平均值变化范围为0.038～0.101μg·mL-1,相差2.66倍;小麦赤霉病菌对戊唑醇与其对多菌灵、咯菌腈的敏感性之间无明显相关性。戊唑醇依然可以应用到河南省小麦赤霉病的化学防治上,但生产中应持续监测病菌对药剂的敏感性变化。 相似文献
2.
为了解新型杀菌剂氟酰胺对小麦纹枯病的防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法测定江苏省不同地区的90个小麦纹枯病菌（R.cerealis）菌株对氟酰胺的敏感性,并测定对氟酰胺敏感性不同的10个菌株对戊唑醇、咯菌腈、氟环唑、烯唑醇、丙环唑、甲基立枯磷、氟酰胺、井冈霉素A、多菌灵、氯啶菌酯和申嗪霉素等不同杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,小麦纹枯病菌菌株间对氟酰胺的敏感性差异较小,EC50值在0.211 3～0.669 0 μg·mL-1之间,平均为0.406 3±0.100 5 μg·mL-1;氟酰胺对R. cerealis的抑菌效果优于多菌灵、氯啶菌酯和申嗪霉素,与井冈霉素相近;其抑菌效果明显低于三唑类杀菌剂和咯菌腈、甲基立枯磷。EC50值相关性分析结果表明,小麦纹枯病菌对氟酰胺与上述杀菌剂之间不存在交互抗性。 相似文献
3.
噻呋酰胺种衣剂防治小麦纹枯病效果及安全性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨噻呋酰胺应用于小麦种衣剂的可行性,测定了噻呋酰胺对小麦纹枯病的防效及对种子的安全性。结果表明,噻呋酰胺对小麦纹枯病有很好的毒力,EC50为0.075 mg·L-1; 噻呋酰胺FS以不同比例包衣后能够显著提高种子发芽势及发芽率;噻呋酰胺包衣能够显著提高小麦出苗率和植株鲜重,对根长及茎长的影响不显著; 1∶200和1∶400包衣对拔节期小麦纹枯病的防效分别为90.32%和87.79%,显著高于同等剂量下对照药剂防效。说明噻呋酰胺作为小麦种衣剂应用于纹枯病的防治是安全高效的。 相似文献
4.
新型杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病病菌的室内毒力测定和田间效果分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本研究采用生长速率法,在室内条件下测定了20%甲基立枯磷乳油、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂、2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油4种新型杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的毒力。结果表明,4种杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌都有一定的抑制作用,其中,20%甲基立枯磷乳油对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用最强,EC50值为6.9888×10-9 mg/L;24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂抑制作用次之,EC50为6.6995×10-7 mg/L;2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油的抑制作用稍差,EC50分别为7.6599×10-5 mg/L、1.0060×10-4 mg/L。田间防治黑痣病药效试验表明,4种药剂对马铃薯安全,其中20%甲基立枯磷乳油的防治最好,其次为24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂,2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油防治效果较低,这与室内测定结果一致,因此生产上可用20%甲基立枯磷乳油20 mL拌种100 kg、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂每667 m2沟施100 mL来防治马铃薯黑痣病。 相似文献
5.
选择了5种药剂进行防治水稻纹枯病试验,结果表明:在水稻分蘖盛期施药防治水稻纹枯病,井冈霉素、噻呋酰胺、丙环唑·苯醚甲环唑、肟菌.戊唑醇和申嗪霉素5种药剂的防治效果分别为68.2%、86.4%、81.8%、84.5%和71.4%。 相似文献
6.
7.
小麦纹枯病菌对九种麦田除草剂的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确麦田除草剂对小麦纹枯病发生的影响,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了小麦纹枯病菌对九种麦田除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,酰胺类除草剂对小麦纹枯病菌毒力较强,异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、丁草胺的毒力（EC50）分别为56.0、83.5和142 mg·L-1,病菌在含药培养基上易出现轮纹状菌落;二硝基苯胺类和芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂对纹枯病菌毒力较弱,在1 000 mg·L-1时抑制率尚达不到50%,前者易使菌落发生扇形突变,且菌丝稀疏,后者对菌落形态无显著影响。 相似文献
8.
采用平皿法测定甘肃省57株玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑和腈菌唑的敏感性,明确甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对两种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感基线和抗性水平,筛选和推广高效、广谱杀菌剂以确保玉米生产安全。结果表明,甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑平均EC_(50)为0.86μg/mL,EC_(50)范围为0.36～1.93μg/mL,正态分布的平均EC_(50)=0.76μg/mL,可作为对丙环唑的敏感基线。对腈菌唑的平均EC_(50)为0.98μg/mL,EC50范围为0.19～2.55μg/mL,正态分布的平均EC_(50)=0.92μg/mL,可作为对腈菌唑的敏感基线。甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑敏感性强于腈菌唑,病菌在EC_(50)水平的平均抗性为1.13和1.07,最高抗性为2.53和2.78,暂无抗药性。 相似文献
9.
不同药剂不同施药次数防治水稻纹枯病田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,比较分析了不同药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果。结果表明,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 350 g/hm~2、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂345 g/hm~2、25%丙环唑乳油600 g/hm~2对水稻纹枯病的防效均在87%以上,43%戊唑醇悬浮剂的防效为74.38%;4种药剂的田间药效比生产上常用药剂井冈霉素的防效分别提高0.79倍、0.75倍、0.69倍、0.43倍,头季和再生季每hm~2综合增收6 499元、4 042元、2 051元、1 913元。从防治效果和经济效益来看,25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂、24%噻呋酰胺悬浮剂、25%丙环唑乳油均可以作为本地防治水稻纹枯病的主体药剂进行推广应用。 相似文献
10.
《大麦与谷类科学》2017,(6)
采用菌丝生长速率法测定97%咪鲜胺原药、97%戊唑醇原药、95%苯醚甲环唑原药、95%噻呋酰胺原药、95%甲基硫菌灵原药和70.3%春雷霉素原药6种杀菌剂及97%咪鲜胺原药与97%戊唑醇原药5种配比对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制作用,并对单剂和优选的复配制剂进行大田药效试验。试验结果表明:上述单剂EC 50值分别为0.054 3、0.627 2、1.313 5、0.319 7、6.439 0和17.521 9 mg/L,其中97%咪鲜胺原药对赤霉病的抑制作用最强,显著高于其他5种杀菌剂;97%咪鲜胺原药与97%戊唑醇原药5种配比均表现出增效作用,其中97%咪鲜胺原药与97%戊唑醇原药以2︰1比例复配时的共毒系数最高,为136.61,增效作用最明显。田间药效试验表明,25%咪鲜胺乳油(187.5 g/hm~2)、25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂(105.5 g/hm~2)、400 g/L咪鲜胺·戊唑醇水乳剂(150.0 g/hm~2)、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂(450.0 g/hm~2)、240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂(60.0 g/hm~2)、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(750.0 g/hm~2)和40%多菌灵悬浮剂(400.0 g/hm~2)对小麦赤霉病的防治效果分别为66.60%、70.97%、74.92%、66.62%、61.78%、64.95%和63.87%,其中按照2︰1比例加工的400 g/L咪鲜胺·戊唑醇水乳剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果最为突出,显著高于其他杀菌剂(P0.05)。因此推荐优先选用97%咪鲜胺原药、97%戊唑醇原药及其复配制剂防治小麦赤霉病。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
16.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
17.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
18.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
19.
核氧还蛋白（nucleoredoxin,NRX）可通过还原目标蛋白的二硫键来调控其生物活性,在植物的生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。蛋白质二硫键异构酶（protein disulfide isomerase,PDI）、h型硫氧还蛋白（h-type thioredoxin,TRXh）和蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基（protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac）是小麦核氧还蛋白TaNRX1的互作蛋白。为了明确TaNRX1互作蛋白的抗旱性功能,本研究在拟南芥中过表达了小麦 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因,对野生型和转基因拟南芥的表型和抗旱相关生理指标进行了鉴定。结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的根长、存活率、脯氨酸含量均大于野生型,离体叶片失水率、丙二醛（MAD）含量均小于野生型。二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine,DAB）对H2O2组织定位染色结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的H2O2含量均低于野生型。上述结果说明,TaNRX1的互作蛋白基因 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D增强了拟南芥对于干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。本研究可为小麦抗旱育种提供候选基因和理论基础。 相似文献
20.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献