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1.
为挖掘茶树农艺性状相关的分子标记位点,选用38对SSR引物对43份福建茶树品种进行多态性扫描与群体结构分析.在群体遗传结构分析的基础上采用Tassel GLM(general linear model)和MLM(mixed linear model)方法进行标记与农艺性状的关联分析.共检测出238个等位变异,每个位点6.26个等位变异.供试群体的Shannon指数平均值为1.261.通过群体遗传结构分析将供试材料划分成3个亚群.以GLM分析,发现8个与种径、茶类、百粒重和花瓣数相关联的标记,对表型变异的解释率分别54.3%、13.3%~21.8%、57.2%和50.9%;以MLM分析,发现6个与种径、茶类和百粒重相关的标记,各标记对表型变异的解释率分别为54.2%、19.7%~24.2%、31.1%. 相似文献
2.
外引大麦农艺性状SSR关联位点及等位变异表型效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了发掘引进大麦携带的优异等位变异,对55份引进大麦材料进行了混合模型（MLM）关联分析和对关联位点等位变异的表型效应进行分析。结果表明,经MLM关联分析,共检测出15个SSR位点与株高、穗长、穗下茎长、千粒重、全生育期等5个农艺性状相关联,其对性状的解释率为3.19%~24.30%,位点GBMS2 和HVM33同时分别与株高、穗长、千粒重等多个性状关联。经表型效应分析,7个位点上的22个有效等位变异中,6个等位变异对穗长、株高和千粒重表现为正向效应,其余对穗长、株高和千粒重表现为负向效应。各等位变异平均效应主要为减效,仅株高、千粒重关联位点的等位变异平均效应为增效。 相似文献
3.
发掘推广品种的农艺和品质性状优异等位变异和载体材料可为培育优质大豆品种提供遗传信息和育种资源。本研究以200份黑龙江省近年大豆推广品种为试验材料,利用187对SSR标记进行全基因组扫描,分析群体结构,采用TASSEL软件的GLM方法对标记与3个农艺性状、蛋白质含量及油分含量进行关联分析。结果表明：10 个SSR标记与百粒重关联,其中表型效应值最大的优异等位变异为Sat-149-192,载体材料为东农57;8个SSR标记 与株高关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt413-206,载体材料为赤豆1号;13个SSR标记与生育期关联,表型 效应值最大的等位变异是Satt631-180,载体材料为黑农61;5个SSR标记与油分含量关联,表型效应值最大的等位 变异是Satt234-138,载体材料为合丰55;9个SSR标记与蛋白质含量关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt632- 293,其载体材料为东农43。上述等位变异的信息为培育提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。 相似文献
4.
《中国油料作物学报》2019,(5)
发掘推广品种的农艺和品质性状优异等位变异和载体材料可为培育优质大豆品种提供遗传信息和育种资源。本研究以200份黑龙江省近年大豆推广品种为试验材料,利用187对SSR标记进行全基因组扫描,分析群体结构,采用TASSEL软件的GLM方法对标记与3个农艺性状、蛋白质含量及油分含量进行关联分析。结果表明:10个SSR标记与百粒重关联,其中表型效应值最大的优异等位变异为Sat-149-192,载体材料为东农57;8个SSR标记与株高关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt413-206,载体材料为赤豆1号;13个SSR标记与生育期关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt631-180,载体材料为黑农61;5个SSR标记与油分含量关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt234-138,载体材料为合丰55;9个SSR标记与蛋白质含量关联,表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt632-293,其载体材料为东农43。上述等位变异的信息为培育提供了亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择的依据。 相似文献
5.
小麦次生根数相关分子标记的挖掘 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给小麦根系性状的遗传改良提供参考依据,以196份小麦自然群体为材料,于2013年拔节期和2014年越冬前、拔节期统计其次生根数,利用185对SSR标记对其进行基因型分析,采用TASSLE软件的GLM和MLM模型进行标记与性状的关联分析。结果表明,两种模型共同关联到32个显著标记位点,分布于14条染色体上。其中Barc81(1BL)、Wmc617(4DS)和Gwm190(5DS)在不同环境下表现稳定,且前人未曾报道。进一步对稳定位点进行有利等位变异分析,共挖掘出3个有利等位变异,其中Barc81-A180增效效应最大,同时鉴定出烟农24、烟农2415及冀麦34等20份材料携带有利等位变异。 相似文献
6.
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(6)
本研究对国家大豆改良中心种质创新计划中296份稳定品系进行多环境田间试验获得蛋白质含量数据,并利用227对PAV标记和93对SSR标记基因型数据进行蛋白质QTL关联分析。结果表明,供试材料蛋白质含量变幅为34.50%~53.84%,平均遗传率达92.57%,品系与环境间存在极显著互作。6个环境下与蛋白质含量显著(P≤0.05)和极显著(P≤0.01)关联的位点分别有139、44个,分布于大豆基因组的20个染色体,其中在2个以上环境被重复检测到的有8个。以平均蛋白质含量45%为标准筛选出64个新品系,分别来自33个杂交组合。基于AMMI模型的品种稳定性分析发现高蛋白含量材料Di变幅达0.08~1.27,来自菜豆5号/泰兴黑豆、南农73-932/早熟18等组合的新品系在6个环境表现稳定;基于分子标记可将高蛋白品系聚为6类,具有共同亲本的材料多聚在一起,且高值材料(47%)和低值材料的杂交组合也被区分开。对5个在多环境都检测到的关联位点进行分析,发现64份高蛋白材料分别含0~4个优异等位变异,材料间优异等位变异的构成存在差异。聚合不同优异等位变异可能创造更高蛋白质含量的新品系。 相似文献
7.
培育灰斑病抗性品种可降低灰斑病对大豆生产的危害。本研究以202份黑龙江省近25年主栽的大豆品种构建关联群体,在人工接种条件下鉴定大豆品种对灰斑病10号生理小种抗病指数。利用187对SSR标记对遗传多样性、群体结构和连锁不平衡位点进行分析,通过GLM 和MLM两种模型对大豆品种的灰斑病抗性与标记进行关联分析,进一步分析抗性关联位点等位变异与抗性表型效应关系。结果表明：202份大豆品种对灰斑病10号生理小种抗性遗传变异系数为14.26%;187个标记在群体中共获得809个等位变异,平均等位变异为4.42个,变幅2~10个,其中17号染色体的平均PIC值最高（0.64）,12号染色体的平均PIC值最低（0.26）;检测到稀有等位变异146个,特有等位变异位点58个;无论共线性组合位点还是非共线性组合位点均存在不同程度LD,连锁不平衡P<0.05支持的对数占总对数的21.65%;202份大豆品种被划分为3个亚群,亚群POP1与POP3之间遗传距离最小（0.03）,亚群POP2与POP3之间遗传距离最大（0.35）;两种模型共同检测到11个SSR标记与灰斑病10号生理小种抗性显著关联,其中位于3号染色体上的Satt549的贡献率最大,可解释表型变异14.74%;具有增效效应的等位变异共有24个,增效效应超过10的等位变异有7个,增效效应最大为Satt703-247（19.62）,典型载体材料为合丰29;其次是Satt587-185（19.58）,典型载体材料为东农50;Satt549位点增效等位变异的平均效应值最高（13.87）,Sat_366位点增效等位变异的平均效应值最低（0.84）。聚合优异等位变异和载体材料可为培育抗灰斑病品种的亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择提供依据。 相似文献
8.
发掘与大豆种子活力性状相关联的标记及优异等位变异是选育高活力品种的基础。本研究利用标准发芽实验对我国北方地区174份大豆品种7个种子活力相关性状进行连续两年（2018-2019年）的表型鉴定,并结合覆盖大豆20条染色体上的210对SSR标记进行表型和标记的关联分析。结果表明：供试品种表型变异系数为15.58%～38.31%。将群体划分为2个亚群,检测到27个与活力性状相关联的标记,累计60个（次）,其中24个SSR标记在两年共同被检测到,对表型变异解释率为2.68%～23.60%,Sat-267对苗长的表型变异解释率最高,为23.60%,Satt250对发芽势的表型变异解释率为23.15%;标记Satt311、Satt250、Satt606、Satt-267与两个以上的活力性状关联。共获得108个增效优异等位变异及相应的载体材料,其中Satt250-217bp对侧根长的增效值最大,并对发芽势也具有增效作用;典型载体材料北疆1号和合农75号携带了两个以上活力性状的最大增效等位变异。 相似文献
9.
芝麻核心种质芝麻素和芝麻酚林的关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究选用来源我国黄河流域至长江流域8省215份芝麻核心种质材料,对其种子中芝麻素(sesamin)和芝麻酚林(sesamolin)含量进行测定,芝麻素平均值5.24mg/g,变异范围为0.88～11.05mg/g,变异系数38.56％,芝麻酚林平均值3.30mg/g,变异范围为0.93～6.96mg/g,变异系数22.68％,二者均符合正态分布,且相关分析表明两者间呈极显著正相关;采用标记-性状关联分析法,进行芝麻素和芝麻酚林与SSR、SRAP、AFLP 标记的关联分析。利用GLM模型共检测到33个标记与芝麻素和芝麻酚林极显著(P<0.01)关联,同时与两种成分显著关联的有4个,利用MLM模型共检测到8个显著关联的标记,同时与两种成分显著关联的也有4个,其中SSR标记SSI182-3在两种模型中同时极显著关联到芝麻素和芝麻酚林,且解释率较高。该研究将为芝麻功能性成分遗传改良和分子标记研究奠定重要基础。 相似文献
10.
《大豆科学》2015,(6)
为研究自然群体中大豆品种的油分和蛋白质含量变化,筛选出相关标记的优异等位变异,以327份东北主推品种和优异亲本材料构成的自然群体为试验材料。以分布于大豆20条染色体的186对SSR(simple sequence repeat)分子标记检测所有试验材料的基因型,利用STRCTURE 2.3.4软件分析群体结构,将试验材料分为7个亚群。利用TASSEL 3.0软件的混合线性模型的方法对大豆自然群体的油分和蛋白质含量进行关联分析。在极显著水平(P0.01)且贡献率大于1%情况下,共检测到33个关联位点。与油分含量极显著关联位点12个,解释率为2.19%~10.05%;与蛋白质含量极显著关联位点11个,解释率为2.65%~9.08%;与油分和蛋白质含量同时关联位点6个,分别为Satt005、Satt117、Satt565、Satt469、Satt594和Satt546,其中Satt594解释率最高,油分为10.05%,蛋白质为9.08%。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献