共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
为明确小豆白粉病病原菌的种类以及小豆种质资源对白粉病的抗性,采用形态学和系统发育学方法对近年来在北京市发生的小豆白粉病病原菌种类进行鉴定,并采用室内苗期人工接种法评价小豆常见栽培品种（系）对白粉病的抗性。结果表明,从北京市采集的感白粉病小豆病样中培养获得病原菌BJ1,该菌能在小豆叶片和茎上产生明显的白色粉斑,分生孢子梗直立,不分枝,分生孢子单细胞,成链状着生于分生孢子梗上,呈椭圆形或卵圆形。通过rDNA-ITS序列系统发育分析,小豆白粉病菌BJ1被鉴定为白粉菌目白粉菌科的苍耳叉丝单囊壳Podosphaera xanthii。室内苗期人工接种条件下,19个供试小豆品种（系）接种小豆白粉病菌BJ1后均可发病,其中9个审定品种均表现为中度感病或高度感病,10个优良品系发病略轻。 相似文献
2.
3.
采用喷雾法研究了大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病的生物活性及其在黄瓜组织中的内吸传导性。结果表明,大黄酚对黄瓜白粉病菌具有较高毒力,感染白粉病的叶片经200 mg/L的大黄酚处理2 d后,霉状物变褐色,病斑枯死。扫描电子显微镜观察显示,黄瓜白粉病菌经大黄酚处理后,菌丝和分生孢子梗扭曲、变形,分生孢子塌陷。盆栽试验表明,利用大黄酚防治黄瓜白粉病具有较长的持效期,黄瓜子叶上喷施100 mg/L的大黄酚,20 d后接种病原菌,其防效仍达84.83%,与有效成分500 mg/L的硫磺悬浮剂防效相近。此外,大黄酚在黄瓜组织中具有一定的跨层传导性,其横向传导性较弱,几乎无向顶及向基的传导性。 相似文献
4.
三个小麦新品系抗白粉病基因分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用4个具有不同毒力的小麦白粉菌生理小种,分别接种5个小麦品种(系)半双列杂交的F1、F2和BC1F1群体的幼苗离体叶段,初步鉴定出野二燕3号具有1对抗1号和11号小种的显性抗病基因;JYP-2具有2对独立的显性抗病基因,其中1对基因抗1、11和311号小种,另1对基因只抗1和11号小种;贵农21号具有2对显性抗病基因,其中1对抗311和313号小种,另1对只抗1和11号小种,这对基因与JYP-2具有的抗1和11号小种的基因是相同的。3个小麦新品系共鉴定出4对不同的抗病基因。本文还讨论了采用幼苗离体叶段接种,同一批单株接种2个以上小种,定单株编号,记载和统计的方法,在抗白粉病基因分析中的作用。 相似文献
5.
豌豆离体叶片鉴定白粉病抗性方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
1997～2001年对豌豆离体叶片鉴定白粉病抗性方法进行了研究。结果表明,将豌豆苗期离体叶片在垫有两层湿滤纸的培养皿内培养,并人工接种白粉病菌,能鉴定出豌豆品种抗白粉病的差异。鉴定结果与田间成株期的抗病性表现基本一致。温度、光照强度、叶龄、病菌接种量等因素影响离体叶片白粉病发生速度或保绿时间。离体鉴定较适宜在温度18～20℃、光照强度3600lx以上、每天12h光照与12h黑暗交替的条件下进行。最适叶龄为二叶一心期或三叶一心期的初展叶。较适宜的接种量为每1cm~2叶面积接种5.5×10~3个分生孢子。 相似文献
6.
香蕉枯萎病菌侵染香蕉根系的组织学过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探明香蕉枯萎病菌侵染香蕉根系的过程,利用绿色荧光蛋白标记的香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 tagged with green fluorescent protein,GFP-FOC4）,接种香蕉根系以观察病原菌侵染香蕉根系的组织学过程。结果表明,接种1 d后病原菌以菌丝体、大型分生孢子和小型分生孢子的形式附着于根系表皮细胞,优先沿细胞胞间层生长。接种7 d后,观察到病原菌以菌丝体、大型分生孢子和小型分生孢子的形式直接侵染维管束,在维管束内以两种方式扩展繁殖,一种在维管束内横向扩展,菌丝体随机分支,逐步形成网状分布;另一种是菌丝体在维管束内纵向生长,倾向于呈束状沿维管束单侧生长繁殖,形成大量菌丝体。本研究首次从组织病理学的角度观察并分析了GFP-FOC4侵染香蕉根系的过程,为研究香蕉枯萎病菌的致病过程机理提供参考。 相似文献
7.
1.小麦白粉病的流行区有三种类型:(1)以分生孢子继代越夏为主要型式的终年流行区;(2)以闭囊壳休眠越夏、子囊孢子主要侵染秋苗的秋苗带菌越冬流行区;(3)以闭囊壳越夏、越冬,子囊孢子在春季侵染的春季侵染流行区。2.白粉病的发病程度,主要决定于春季的流行速度,影响流行速度的因素是:(1)大面积种植感病品种、品种抗性的退化和病菌新生理小种的出现,是病害大流行的基础;(2)气候是影响年度间病情轻重的主导因素。10℃以上天气出现早,21℃以上高温出现迟,则发病期长、病情重。过程性降雨有利病菌孢子的繁殖与侵入。病情与气候的关系有:多雨限制 相似文献
8.
[目的]对3份小麦农家品种‘矮秆芒麦’、‘红头麦’和‘大红头’进行苗期抗性的遗传分析,研究它们的抗白粉病遗传特点,为其在抗病育种中的有效利用提供依据.[方法]将这3份小麦农家品种分别与感病品种‘铭贤169’正、反杂交,获得了F1和F2代.利用白粉菌E09菌株,分别对这3份农家品种、感病亲本‘铭贤169’以及各自的F1和F2代植株进行抗性鉴定.调查统计的数据经卡方测验分析其符合度.[结果]这3份农家品种对白粉菌E09菌株的抗性均由1对隐性核基因控制.[结论]3份农家品种对石家庄本地区的混合白粉病菌表现出良好的抗性,并且对E09的抗性均由1对隐性基因控制.可以进一步对它们进行分子标记及定位研究,为其作为抗源在小麦抗白粉病育种中的应用奠定基础. 相似文献
9.
本研究通过扫描电镜观察以及分子鉴定方法,对引起河南周口地区油菜白粉病的病原进行了鉴定。结果显示:在扫描电镜下该病原菌分生孢子为椭圆或圆柱形;采用真菌核糖体DNA转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物,扩增病菌核糖体基因ITS区,并对产物进行克隆、测序及进化树分析,其ITS序列与Erysiphe cruciferarum(韩国)的ITS序列同源性为100%,而聚在一个进化枝上。上述结果表明,周口地区油菜白粉病菌属于E.cruciferarum,与韩国甘蓝型油菜白粉病菌亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
10.
采用全国统一的9个鉴别寄主离体叶片法鉴定侵染型和Gilmour八进制法命名小种,对2004--2008年采自东北春麦区的辽宁、黑龙江等省不同县市的298个小麦白粉病菌标样进行生理小种及毒力频率分析,并利用已知抗白粉病基因的22个小麦品种(系)对参试菌株进行毒力频率测定.结果表明:2004--2006年优势小种为生理小种15号,出现频率分别为13.7%、15.6%和20.3%;2007年优势小种为17号小种,出现频率为10.2%;2008年411号小种上升为优势小种,频率达20.6%;2004--2008年毒性基因V4b、V2+6、V4+8、V12、V16、V18、V20、V21、V22和V23毒力频率较低,在0～28.0%之间,其对应抗性基因Pm4b、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm12、Pm16、Pm18、Pm20、Pm21、Pm22和Pm23抗性较强,可作为有效的抗病基因加以利用. 相似文献
11.
Relationship between Loci conferring downy mildew and powdery mildew resistance in melon assessed by quantitative trait Loci mapping 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT Partial resistance to downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and complete resistance to powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii races 1, 2, 3, and 5 and Golovinomyces cichoracearum race 1) were studied using a recombinant inbred line population between 'PI 124112' (resistant to both diseases) and 'Védrantais' (susceptible line). A genetic map of melon was constructed to tag these resistances with DNA markers. Natural and artificial inoculations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis were performed and replicated in several locations. One major quantitative trait loci (QTL), pcXII.1, was consistently detected among the locations and explained between 12 to 38% of the phenotypic variation for Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance. Eight other Pseudoperonospora cubensis resistance QTL were identified. Artificial inoculations were performed with several strains of four races of Podosphaera xanthii and one race of G. cichoracearum. Two independent major genes, PmV.1 and PmXII.1, were identified and shown to be involved in the simple resistance to powdery mildew. Three digenic epistatic interactions involving four loci were detected for two races of Podosphaera xanthii and one race of G. cichoracearum. Co-localization between PmV.1, resistance genes, and resistance genes homologues was observed. Linkage between the major resistance QTL to Pseudoperonospora cubensis, pcXII.1, and one of the two resistance genes to powdery mildew, PmXII.1, was demonstrated. 相似文献
12.
弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病抗性评价与分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病田间发病规律及遗传特性,筛选抗霜霉病黄瓜品种,以15份黄瓜自交系为试材,在弱光条件下通过子叶接菌诱导寄主植株发病,同时结合田间发病率及病情指数调查进行复合抗性鉴定,进而筛选抗病组合,并对其分离世代进行抗性鉴定与遗传特征分析。结果表明,供试15份材料中共筛选出4个典型品系HB1、HB2、HB3和HB4,其病情指数分别是14.17、28.71、63.33和78.33,分别属于高抗、抗病、感病和高感病类型。这4个亲本的F1代及分离世代群体中霜霉病抗性与亲本抗性均存在正相关关系,抗性亲本的后代表现出较强的抗性;F2代群体病株分离现象比较明显,呈偏态分布,有明显的主基因+多基因存在特征,表明弱光胁迫下黄瓜霜霉病受主基因+多基因控制,主基因效应值较大。经田间抗病性鉴定分析,初步筛选出组合HB12、HB13和HB21为抗霜霉病组合,可用于后续抗病品种的选育。 相似文献
13.
Identification of the physiological races ofPodosphaera xanthii (syn.Sphaerotheca fuliginea), the causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits, is based upon the differing responses of various melon cultigens to the
pathogen. Eight races of the pathogen have been identified to date in the USA, Africa, Europe and around the Mediterranean
Sea, and four new races were reported from greenhouse melons in the major growing area of Japan. Plant responses to powdery
mildew may be affected by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature and humidity, as well as by age and nutritional
status of the plants. The same factors affect the accuracy and reliability of race identification. In an attempt to overcome
those obstacles, the genetic diversity ofP. xanthii was studied using molecular markers. Unfortunately, no correlation was found between DNA polymorphism and the race of the
pathogen as identified by biological tests. The usefulness of race identification as a guide for the grower in selecting appropriate
cultivars is limited because changes or shifts in the pathogen population are common. Such changes may be found among growing
seasons, geographic regions and hosts, and also within a single greenhouse during a single season. On the other hand, race
identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry, which requires
accuracy in declaring the type and level of resistance to powdery mildew in its products.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting March 2, 2004. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 501/04. 相似文献
14.
Resistance to powdery mildew was induced in barley by preinoculation with virulent and avirulent races of barley powdery mildew ( Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei ), and with a race of wheat powdery mildew ( E. graminis f.sp. tritici ). Four inducer densities were tested in 13 different induction periods between 1 and 24 h. Generally, the resistance induced by barley powdery mildew increased up to 10-12 h of induction and was maintained in longer induction periods. The inducing abilities of virulent and avirulent races could not be distinguished up to 10-12 h of induction, after which the inducing ability of avirulent races increased significantly in relation to virulent races. Wheat powdery mildew was able to induce more resistance than barley powdery mildew in induction periods up to 8 h. In a single inoculation procedure the number of haustoria developing from virulent barley powdery mildew decreased as inoculum density increased. The effect was ascribed to induction of resistance. This reduction of infection efficiency in the compatible interaction was compared to induced resistance. However, the inoculum density needed for 50% resistance induction in the double inoculation procedure was approximately 40 times higher than the inoculum density needed for 50% reduction in infection efficiency in the single inoculation procedure. 相似文献
15.
Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) is a wild relative of wheat and a rich source of genetic diversity for disease resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis and also the allelic relationships between genes controlling resistance to each disease. Progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated for their disease reaction at the seedling and/or adult plant stage to determine the number and action of genes conferring resistance. Two different genes conferring resistance to leaf rust races THBJ and BBBB were identified in accessions 1644 and 603. For stem rust, the same single gene was found to confer resistance to race TTTT in accessions 1644 and 2229. Resistance to stem rust race TPMK was conferred by two genes in accessions 1644 and 603. A contingency test revealed no association between genes conferring resistance to leaf rust race THBJ and stem rust race TTTT or between genes conferring resistance to stem rust race TTTT and powdery mildew isolate UM06-01, indicating that the respective resistance genes are not linked. Three accessions (1644, 2229, and 1193) were found to carry a single gene for resistance to powdery mildew. Allelism tests revealed that the resistance gene in accession 1644 is different from the respective single genes present in either 2229 or 1193. The simple inheritance of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis should simplify the transfer of resistance to wheat in wide crosses. 相似文献
16.
Sphaerotheca fusca was confirmed, by the formation of cleistothecia on artificially inoculated detached cotyledons of melon in Petri dishes, as the main powdery mildew pathogen on Cucurbitaceae in Crete during 1993–94. Among 41 single-spore isolates of S. fusca from Cucumis sativus, C. meto, Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita sp., two races (1 and 2) were identified, in an approximately equal ratio, by using four melon differential lines. All 41 single-spore isolates of S. fusca were grouped into two mating types, indicating that the fungus is bipolarly heterothallic and that both mating types are present in Greece. By examining mycelial and conidial features, one single-spore isolate of powdery mildew from C. pepo was identified as belonging to Erysiphe cucurbitacearum. 相似文献
17.
为西北农林科技大学小麦新育成品种（系）在黄淮麦区的大面积推广,该研究对83份西农新育成的小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病和白粉病鉴定,成株期抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病鉴定,并在田间自然环境下对其抗性进行鉴定及对相关抗病基因进行分子检测。结果显示,在苗期人工接种鉴定中,有63、29和16份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34表现出抗性,9份小麦品种（系）对3个条锈菌生理小种均表现出抗性;有10、3和0份小麦品种（系）分别对白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici生理小种E15、E09和A13表现出抗性。在成株期人工接种鉴定中,有23、15、28和62份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中有6份在苗期和成株期均对小麦条锈病表现出抗性。在田间抗性鉴定中,有57、6、65和40份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病及叶锈病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中,3份含有Yr5基因,22份含有Yr9基因,3份含有Yr17基因,2份含有Pm24基因,14份含有Lr1基因,所占比例分别为3.6%、26.5%、3.6%、2.4%和16.8%。 相似文献
18.
甜瓜白粉病内生拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及其防治效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
［目的］从高抗白粉病的甜瓜品种植株内分离筛选出对甜瓜白粉病有较好防效的内生拮抗细菌菌株,为甜瓜白粉病生物防治探寻新途径。［方法］ 采用温室盆栽试验和叶盘漂浮法分离筛选有较好防效的内生拮抗菌,并对其进行形态学、生理生化和分子生物学鉴定。［结果］ 从高抗白粉病的甜瓜品种‘MR-1’植株内分离获得31株内生细菌,其中1株内生菌Mg15对甜瓜白粉病盆栽试验防效达到74.3%。在离体叶盘上,经Mg15发酵液处理12 h后白粉菌孢子萌发率仅为9.29%,14 d后产孢量与对照相比降低了60%。扫描电镜观察发现,Mg15发酵液处理后的病菌菌丝皱缩生长,甚至产生畸形。Mg15发酵原液温室防病效果达80.66%。［结论］ Mg15对甜瓜白粉病具有显著防治效果,经鉴定该菌株为枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis)。 相似文献
19.
20.
为明确春小麦品种墨波成株期抗条锈性遗传基础,以墨波与感病品种Taichung29(T29)杂交创建F_(2∶3)分离群体,通过青海西宁市和海东市2个试验点2年田间病圃鉴定,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型单个分离世代分析方法对墨波/T29 F2群体的抗性遗传效应进行了分析。结果发现群体单株/家系的病害严重度和反应型在2个试验点均未呈现连续性分布,但是在不同区段内,群体株系间又表现出较明显的连续性变异,初步推测,墨波成株期对小麦条锈病抗性具有由主效基因和微效基因共同控制的特征;遗传分析结果表明,墨波的成株期抗条锈性最优遗传模型均为2对主基因遗传,并受微效基因影响,在海东市试验点用反应型数据分析得到的最优遗传模型为C-6模型2MG-EEAD,即2对等显性主基因遗传,在海东市及西宁市试验点用严重度数据分析得到的最优遗传模型均为C-1模型2MG-ADI,即2对主基因加性-显性-上位性遗传。 相似文献