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1.
Active habitat selection by pre-settlement reef fishes 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
John Charles Montgomery Nicholas Tolimieri & Olivia Sophie Haine 《Fish and Fisheries》2001,2(3):261-277
Our understanding of habitat selection by reef fish larvae has changed dramatically in the last 10 years. Fish larvae have long been considered passive particles at the mercy of ocean currents, tides and weather events. For reef fishes, ecological evidence has shown that passive dispersal alone often cannot explain larval distributions, suggesting active behaviour by reef fish larvae. While behaviourally modified passive transport may be important, recent work demonstrates that some reef fish larvae have the capability to actively swim to settlement habitat. They can orientate to reefs from distances of at least 1 km and can swim at speeds of 13.5 cm s?1 for several days. The question then becomes, what are the cues that fish larvae use to orientate to reefs? Ambient reef sound has been shown to be attractive to reef fish larvae, and current research aims to understand better the nature and use of these acoustic cues. Other potential cues include chemoreception/olfaction, wave cues and visual location of reefs. A better understanding of active habitat selection and the underlying sensory and behavioural mechanisms will improve our knowledge of recruitment processes in reef fish ecology, and may have implications for active management of reef fish populations. 相似文献
2.
人工鱼礁作为海洋牧场建设的基础生态工程,在海洋生态环境修复和渔业资源增殖方面起着重要作用。随着人工鱼礁的大量投放,海洋牧场海床逐步转变为高度异质性的底栖生境,底栖生态变化会直接影响到底栖及底层生物的栖息与繁衍。针对传统调查方法在海洋牧场中的局限性,聚焦天津海洋牧场,基于侧扫声纳后散射数据和多波束测深数据,从侧扫图像亮度、图像纹理及地形起伏度等3个维度,探索了天津海洋牧场海床类型识别、分类和面积量化的新方法。研究表明,天津海洋牧场共发现人工鱼礁、牡蛎类、淤泥类、蛤仔泥混类、牡蛎泥混类及碎贝泥混类等6种海床类型,基于声学图像特征的海床类型识别方法准确率达90%,可满足海洋牧场底栖生态研究的需求;通过对比分析,天津海洋牧场本底淤泥类海床消退为58.19%,贝类海床增至7.96%,贝类资源增殖效果明显;人工鱼礁周边新生牡蛎礁0.246 km2,并伴有0.303 km2的牡蛎泥混海床待发育为牡蛎礁,海洋牧场建设对牡蛎礁具有重要的修复作用。本研究探索了适宜于海洋牧场的海床声学分类方法,探讨了声学技术对传统底栖调查方法的补充与完善作用,明确了海床类型与声学图像特征的紧密联系,验证了海洋牧场对牡蛎礁的修复作用,成果可有效应用于近岸海域生境修复、贝类资源量精准评估及牡蛎礁演化机理等领域的研究。 相似文献
3.
Katie Sambrook Andrew S. Hoey Serge Andrfouët Graeme S. Cumming Stephanie Duce Mary C. Bonin 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(5):903-920
Marine ecology seeks to understand the factors that shape biological communities. Progress towards this goal has been hampered by habitat‐centric approaches that ignore the influence of the wider seascape. Coral reef fishes may use non‐reef habitats (e.g. mangrove and seagrass) extensively, yet most studies have focused on within‐reef attributes or connectivity between reefs to explain trends in their distribution and abundance. We systematically review the evidence for multihabitat use by coral reef fishes across life stages, feeding guilds and conservation status. At least 670 species of “coral reef fish” have been observed in non‐reef habitats, with almost half (293 species) being recorded in two or more non‐reef habitats. Of the 170 fish species for which both adult and juvenile data were available, almost 76% were recorded in non‐reef habitats in both life stages. Importantly, over half of the coral reef fish species recorded in non‐reef habitats (397 spp.) were potential fisheries targets. The use of non‐reef habitats by “coral reef” fishes appears to be widespread, suggesting in turn that attempts to manage anthropogenic impacts on fisheries and coral reefs may need to consider broader scales and different forms of connectivity than traditional approaches recommend. Faced with the deteriorating condition of many coastal habitats, there is a pressing need to better understand how the wider seascape can influence reef fish populations, community dynamics, food‐webs and other key ecological processes on reefs. 相似文献
4.
人工鱼礁是实现海洋牧场建设、海域生态调控和海洋生境修复的主要手段之一。人工鱼礁的聚鱼效果主要取决于礁体建造材料、结构造型、流体力学特征及礁体布局等因素。总结了国内外人工鱼礁工程技术的发展历程,阐述了我国人工鱼礁发展存在的问题。通过查阅文献资料,总结了礁体造型和设计方面的研究进展,主要包括:现有人工鱼礁礁体材料的优、缺点,新型复合材料应用空间等;主要礁体构型及现有设计方法;采用流体力学模型试验和数值计算,开展礁体水动力学行为研究的进展;人工诱导流场和人工鱼礁布局主要方法。结合我国人工鱼礁现状,提出人工鱼礁设计与应用的发展趋势和重点研究方向,以期为我国人工鱼礁建造和升级提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Behavioural changes of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after marine boulder reef restoration: Implications for coastal habitat management and Natura 2000 areas 
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下载免费PDF全文 L. D. Kristensen J. G. Støttrup J. C. Svendsen C. Stenberg O. K. Højbjerg Hansen P. Grønkjær 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2017,24(5):353-360
While marine reefs are degraded globally, the responses of fish to marine reef restoration remain uncertain, particularly in temperate waters. This study measured the effect of marine boulder reef restoration on the behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., in a Natura 2000 area using acoustic telemetry. Cod were tagged and released in the study area before and after the restoration and tracked continuously for six months. A larger fraction of the released fish remained in the study area after restoration (94%) than before (53%). Moreover, throughout the study period, cod spent significantly more hours per day and prolonged their residence time in the study area after the restoration. The study indicates that marine reefs subjected to boulder extraction can be restored and function as favourable cod habitats. Temperate marine boulder reef restoration represents a valuable management tool to improve habitats for temperate fish species. 相似文献
6.
7.
Peter J Mumby 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(1):266-278
The problem of ecosystem overfishing has mostly focused on the function of forage fish as prey for apex predators. Here, I consider another ecosystem function, herbivory, that affects habitat quality. Parrotfish are an important fishery in many parts of the Caribbean and the dominant herbivorous fish on its coral reefs. Herbivory helps to control macroalgae which compete with coral and can impede reef resilience if allowed to bloom. Thus, long‐term maintenance of reef habitat quality, which underpins fisheries, requires sufficient parrotfish stock. Ecosystem models predict that reductions in parrotfish grazing could have deleterious impacts on reef habitat yet the determination of ecologically sustainable levels of parrotfish harvest remains elusive. An initial solution to this dilemma is proposed for areas where an outright ban on herbivore exploitation is considered infeasible. Fisheries management has tended to consider coral reefs as a single habitat such that regulations apply evenly throughout exploitable areas. But reef habitats are not equally susceptible to ecosystem overfishing and some do not appear to have a strong requirement for parrotfish grazing. One habitat, Orbicella reef, has a high dependence on herbivory, whereas the state of another dominant habitat – gorgonian plain – appears to be driven by environmental factors (e.g. wave exposure). Ecosystem‐based fisheries management could be improved by restricting parrotfish harvest on Orbicella reefs yet allowing exploitation on gorgonian plain. Management could then focus on achieving a sustainable yield on gorgonian plains without the added complexity of estimating catch levels that avoid ecosystem overfishing. 相似文献
8.
Jacqueline Wilson Craig W. Osenberg Colette M. St. Mary Craig A. Watson William J. Lindberg 《Aquarium Sciences and Conservation》2001,3(1-3):95-105
Artificial reefs may provide a useful tool to enhance production of marine ornamentals and to divert detrimental harvesting activities from sensitive natural habitat. The efficacy of this strategy depends, in part, on the extent to which artificial reefs contribute to new production (vs. attract fishes from natural habitat) and therefore benefit harvested populations on a local and regional basis. Here the attraction and production hypotheses and their application to marine ornamentals are presented. Specifically, it is discussed how the strength and timing of density dependence can affect the response of fish population dynamics to artificial reefs. In addition to this discussion, examples of density dependence in marine ornamentals and related reef fishes are provided. Based on this information, a simple conceptual model is presented to clarify the role of density dependence, and this is followed by a discussion on the use of artificial reefs in the management and production of marine ornamentals. Finally, unresolved scientific issues that remain to be addressed are provided. 相似文献
9.
10.
S Pinca M Kronen F Magron B McArdle L Vigliola M Kulbicki S Andréfouët 《Fish and Fisheries》2012,13(4):361-379
Reef fish assessments were undertaken in 17 Pacific islands to describe the status of finfish resources in 63 villages where fishing is mainly artisanal. Surveys were performed by recording the number and size of edible fish species and benthic composition. Fishing impact was described through six proxies representing level of catch, alternative incomes, degree of commercial catch and country economic development derived from a simultaneous socioeconomic assessment. The relative importance of broadly defined habitat (geographical location, island and reef type, substrate composition) and fishing impact in controlling the distribution of fish trophic groups, families and species was measured through multivariate analysis. The extreme faunistic diversity was shown by the large variation in fish density (difference of up to an order of magnitude) and fish biomass (displaying a 20‐fold difference across the region). Herbivores were dominant in the eastern part of the region, at what we classified as complex islands and at islands with small lagoon and at coastal reefs, while carnivores were dominant at oceanic islands and atolls and at outer reefs. Specific habitat associations were shown for Scaridae, Acanthuridae, Siganidae, Balistidae, Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae. Relative importance and size decrease of several fish families (Mullidae, Scaridae, Lutjanidae and Serranidae) were related to high fishing impact. Acanthuridae and Lethrinidae appeared to have a role as opportunistic groups in impacted sites. The relative impact from fishing and habitat on fishes accounted for, respectively, 20 and 30% of variance, demonstrating the effect of human impacts even at such large scale and taking into account only limited fishing impact variables. 相似文献
11.
1. Foveaux Strait, a narrow seaway that is exposed to heavy wave action and strong tidal currents, has been the subject of an oyster fishery for over 130 years. Before the oyster fishery commenced the seafloor was extensively covered by epifaunal reefs that were tidally‐oriented, linear aggregations of patch reefs. 2. Patch reefs are formed by the bryozoan Cinctipora elegans cemented by encrusting bryozoa, ascidians, sponges, and polychaetes. The molluscan epifauna is dominated by the oyster, Tiostrea chilensis and bysally attached bivalves. Mortality of oysters is probably lower and recruitment and growth may be higher within the reef habitat. 3. Fishers found commercial densities of oysters occurred only on epifaunal reefs. Fishers exploited local groups of reefs. These groups form the patchily distributed oyster beds characteristic of this fishery. 4. Dredging for oysters progressively modified reefs until oysters were the only epifauna remaining. Dredges caught oysters more efficiently after the catch bag no longer became saturated with other epifauna. This heightened efficiency allowed fishers to rapidly reduce oyster density to commercial extinction. Oyster density has not rebuilt on oyster beds abandoned by fishers. 5. The rate of modification of epifaunal reefs was slower during the early years of the fishery but has accelerated, especially over the last 37 years. Frequency of disturbance increased as the numbers of vessels fishing grew and fishers developed speedier dredging methods. Intensity of disturbance also increased as heavier dredges were introduced and allowed focused fishing of reefs. 6. Oysters became reduced to low densities in the eastern and central areas that fishers then abandoned. The commercially exploited area subsequently expanded to the limits of Foveaux Strait. 7. With accelerated modification of oyster habitat, disease mortality has become more important. 8. Attempting to rebuild the fishery by oyster enhancement may be more successful conjoined with habitat restoration. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
A reef finfishing pressure risk assessment model was developed to predict the status of reef and lagoon fisheries in terms of the current likelihood for sustainable or unsustainable finfishing for any given rural coastal community and its associated reef area in the Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs). The prediction model aimed at developing a robust system that allows planners to confidently classify any coastal rural site within PICTs with a minimum and relatively easy-to-obtain dataset as being exposed to four classes of low to high finfishing pressure. This model is a response to limitations on data regarding current resource and user status in PICTs that make it difficult to ascertain fish supply for food security and livelihood of coastal communities. The model is based on the latest reef productivity scenarios developed based on a global review of currently known landing data and ecological footprints, reported likelihood of reduced reef productivity in PICTs due to ecological and human factors, and the use of current finfish catch rates collected as a proxy for fishing pressure. The prediction model was developed on the basis of a regional dataset including 63 study sites in 17 PICTs using linear discriminant analysis. The smallest feasible model with a leave-one-out error rate of 14.3% demands nine input variables that can be easily obtained and require only a minimum survey effort. Statistically significant response of decreasing fish length in six fish families important to artisanal fisheries in PICTs (Acanthuridae, Lethrinidae, Mullidae, Scaridae, Serranidae and Siganidae) to increasing catch rates or increasing fishing pressure proxies was used as an independent external factor to validate our hypothesis and the model developed. The reported catch length for Acanthuridae, Scaridae and Serranidae was statistically significantly different between the four finfishing pressure risk groups defined. Due to the lack of data on the natural status and productivity of the coral reefs in question and their historic use, care should be taken in interpretation of current catch rate figures. Classification of sites at low current finfishing pressure risk may reflect catch rates that are adapted to low stocks, either caused by previous depletion or due to natural unfavorable conditions. At the same time, sites classified as being at potentially high finfishing pressure risk may indeed be subject to current overfishing, but may as well feature high natural stock and productivity assets that allow for higher catch rates than elsewhere. 相似文献
13.
Masakazu Hori Hideki Hamaoka Masahito Hirota Franck Lagarde Sandrine Vaz Masami Hamaguchi Juri Hori Mitsutaku Makino 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):283-292
Harmonizing coastal fisheries with water-quality improvement has become an essential factor for the sustainable use of coastal ecosystem services. Here, we present the scope of our study based on an interdisciplinary approach including ecological actions, socio-economic actions and socio-psychological actions. We chose to focus on the interaction between oyster aquaculture and seagrass vegetation as a typical ecological action using the coastal ecosystem complex (CEC) concept. Coastal organisms have adapted their traits to the environment over a long period of time, so that restoration of the CEC represents reconstruction of the original process of coastal production. Subtidal seagrass vegetation with intertidal oyster reefs is the original CEC in Japan, which would be expected to enhance coastal production by improving the production efficiency without adding nutrients. A simple field experiment examining carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotope ratios revealed that oyster spats cultivated on a tidal flat adjacent to seagrass beds had higher nitrogen contents and higher δ13C ratios than spats cultivated in an offshore area using only pelagic production. This result suggests that utilization of the CEC, which enables oysters to use both pelagic and benthic production, has potential to sustain a food provisioning service for humans, even in oligotrophic conditions. 相似文献
14.
Marah J. Hardt 《Fish and Fisheries》2009,10(2):143-158
Since Pre-Columbian times, humans have exploited Jamaican marine ecosystems with significant consequences for flora and fauna. This study focuses on the history of reef fish exploitation in Jamaica, from first human occupation to the present day, to determine how past fishing activities contributed to subsequent declines in the coral reef ecosystem. The pattern of declining reef fish populations was nonlinear. Reef fish first declined in prehistoric times but then potentially recovered, following genocide of the native human population. Reduced fishing pressure lasted until the mid-19th century. At that time, depletion of reef fish populations again occurred with a precipitous decline from the 1850s to the 1940s. The final shift from relatively abundant to overfished marine fauna corresponded to subtle changes in fish trap design as well as development of recreational fishing. Government subsidies throughout the second half of the 20th century exacerbated the declines. This analysis shows that local artisanal fisheries with relatively low levels of effort and seemingly subtle shifts in technology can significantly impact the coral reef ecosystem and that declines occurred decades to centuries before modern ecological studies began. This research shows how historical analysis can be a powerful tool to minimize shifted baselines and establish realistic targets for recovery and sustainable management of marine ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
由于鱼类洄游是大尺度的水生动物迁徙运动,恢复鱼类洄游通道规划应在流域尺度进行。本文讨论了恢复鱼类洄游通道规划要点,包括河流鱼类调查及评价方法、规划范围和流域恢复洄游通道目标量化方法,提出了恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法,并以保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划作为典型案例进行了分析。恢复鱼类洄游鱼类通道项目的优先排序方法中,应根据工程性质、特点和当地自然条件确定优先排序准则,从而选择重点河段和重点工程,解决洄游通道中的关键问题。优先排序准则包括有效性、栖息地适宜性、效益/投资分析、自然保护区范围、预期物种多样性、鱼类生产力和栖息地面积等。在保护和恢复多瑙河鲟鱼规划案例中,确定了多瑙河鱼类洄游障碍物的5个等级划分标准和评分等级,采用改进的多准则多权重分级计分法计算了各障碍物的排序指标。在671处障碍物中,29处为最优先排序,99处为中等排序,543处为低等级排序。其中,位于多瑙河中游和下游的铁门水电站Ⅰ、Ⅱ级是流域内的主要障碍物。优先级排序方法为恢复鱼类洄游通道提供了指导意见。 相似文献
16.
10种人工鱼礁模型对黑鲷幼鱼的诱集效果 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了解不同人工鱼礁的集鱼效果,在试验水槽内观察了深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区实际投放的10种礁体模型对黑鲷的诱集效果。结果表明,未投放礁体模型时,试验鱼在距离水槽中心40~70 cm的区域出现频次最高,且在试验水槽中分布较为分散。分别将10种礁体模型放入水槽后,对有礁及无礁时试验鱼随距离出现的频次进行曲线趋势回归显示,1-8号礁体模型试验中试验鱼出现频次最大的区域为距离水槽中心20~50 cm,而9号和10号礁为体试验鱼出现频次最大的区域则为距离水槽中心10~40 cm,分别比对照组试验鱼最大出现频次区域向中心点近移了20 cm和30 cm,说明10种礁体模型对试验鱼均有一定的诱集效果。对试验结果做模型礁诱集效率指数显示,模型礁体对试验鱼的诱集效果由强到弱分别为10号礁>9号礁>1号礁>2号礁>7号礁>4号礁>5号礁>6号礁>8号礁>3号礁。 相似文献
17.
The long-term sustainability of the marine ornamental industry is being threatened by environmental pressures that are severely degrading the health of coral reef ecosystems. There is now a compelling need to practice resource conservation through the development of 'reef friendly' aquaculture technologies as an alternative to wild collection practices and to restore degraded wild populations. The commercial culture of marine ornamental finfish is very much in its infancy, but advances can be made more rapidly using insights from years of research and development with marine foodfish species. Many of the bottlenecks and constraints to developing marine ornamental fish culture are those now being addressed with the more challenging species of foodfish being attempted. The two key bottlenecks that currently limit expansion of the marine ornamental industry are the control of captive maturation and spawning and the identification of appropriate first-feed items for marine ornamental fish larvae. This paper highlights basic principles and recent achievements in marine foodfish culture that might be applicable to rapid development of controlled reproduction and propagation techniques for marine ornamental finfish. 相似文献
18.
岩礁鱼类多具有较高的经济价值,但过度开发、环境污染、全球气候变化造成岩礁鱼类及其栖息地受到不同程度的破坏,资源量锐减,栖息地退化。为应对全球海洋生态环境和资源面临的重重压力,以人工鱼礁、增殖放流为水生生物资源养护基础措施的海洋牧场建设成为世界沿海国家的战略性选择。开展岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究,解析生物对鱼礁结构物和人工生境的响应行为及人工环境对岩礁鱼类行为的影响,对优化水生生物放流策略、提高增殖物种成活率、养护生物资源、科学开展人工鱼礁工程建设和促进渔业经济发展具有重要作用。为此,本文综述了国内外对岩礁鱼类在栖息地选择、索饵、繁殖、集群、领域、防御等行为生态学研究进展,梳理了岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究在渔业资源保护与开发中的重要作用,同时,就岩礁鱼类行为生态学研究中存在的问题进行讨论并提出建议,以期为我国海洋牧场建设提供更科学的理论基础和更高效的技术方案。 相似文献
19.
Fishing impacts and the degradation or loss of habitat structure 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
S. J. Turner S. F. Thrush J. E. Hewitt V. J. Cummings & G. Funnell 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》1999,6(5):401-420
The wider effects of fishing on marine ecosystems have become the focus of growing concern among scientists, fisheries managers and the fishing industry. The present review examines the role of habitat structure and habitat heterogeneity in marine ecosystems, and the effects of fishing (i.e. trawling and dredging) on these two components of habitat complexity. Three examples from New Zealand and Australia are considered, where available evidence suggests that fishing has been associated with the degradation or loss of habitat structure through the removal of large epibenthic organisms, with concomitant effects on fish species which occupy these habitats. With ever-increasing demands on fish-stocks and the need for sustainable use of fisheries resources, new approaches to fisheries management are needed. Fisheries management needs to address the sustainability of fish-stocks while minimizing the direct and indirect impacts of fishing on other components of the ecosystem. Two long-term management tools for mitigating degradation or loss of habitat structure while maintaining healthy sustainable fisheries which are increasingly considered by fisheries scientists and managers are: (1) protective habitat management, which involves the designation of protected marine and coastal areas which are afforded some level of protection from fishing; and (2) habitat restoration, whereby important habitat and ecological functions are restored following the loss of habitat and/or resources. Nevertheless, the protection of marine and coastal areas, and habitat restoration should not be seen as solutions replacing conventional management approaches, but need to be components of an integrated programme of coastal zone and fisheries management. A number of recent international fisheries agreements have specifically identified the need to provide for habitat protection and restoration to ensure long-term sustainability of fisheries. The protection and restoration of habitat are also common components of fisheries management programs under national fisheries law and policy. 相似文献
20.
M. B. Lowry T. M. Glasby C. A. Boys H. Folpp I. Suthers M. Gregson 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2014,21(1):42-56
Understanding succession of fish communities associated with artificial structures is required to assess the potential of these initiatives as part of fisheries enhancement strategies and determine possible impacts on the broader ecological community. Artificial reef systems constructed in three south‐eastern Australian estuaries were monitored over a four‐year period. Recruitment of fish to the artificial reefs was rapid, with significantly greater species richness observed on artificial reefs than on natural habitats for the majority of locations and times. The rate of community change varied between estuaries and appeared to be related to the quality and amount of existing habitat and the distance of the artificial reef from sources of recruitment. General patterns were also identified among estuaries driven by strong recruitment, followed by a rapid reduction in several mobile schooling species. By contrast, there was early and sustained recruitment of a variety of sparid species, which are of importance to recreational and commercial fisheries. 相似文献