共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
马志杰 《中国农业大学学报》2016,21(2):93-99
为系统了解牦牛Y染色体的分子遗传学研究现状,通过查阅近15年来的研究资料,从Y染色体分子标记和Y染色体基因2个方面对牦牛Y染色体分子遗传学研究进展进行综述。在分子标记方面,研究者已对13个普通牛Y-STRs在牦牛中的特异性进行了检测,发现4个标记(即INRA124、INRA189、UMN2404和BYM-1)为牦牛Y-STRs标记。确定了6个Y-SNPs标记(即USP9Y(223CT)、UTY19(158AC和169CT)、AMELY2(261CT)、OFD1Y9(165AG)和SRY4(104GA))可用于牦牛父系遗传研究。在基因研究上,已对SRY、ZFY、TSPY和HSFY等多个牦牛Y染色体基因进行了克隆、序列比较、多态性检测、系统发育和原核表达分析。在今后的研究中,挖掘更多的牦牛Y染色体特异标记,开展基于多个标记、更多牦牛品种的群体遗传学研究,将是探明牦牛父系遗传多样性、父系起源与驯化、群体历史发展动态与分类等问题的重点和方向。同时,应借鉴灵长类、普通牛等物种Y染色体的研究方法和技术,加强牦牛Y染色体基因组、转录组和蛋白组等研究。 相似文献
2.
Chromosome mapping in the mouse, fluorescence banding techniques permit assignment of most genetic linkage groups 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chromosome banding techniques have permitted the identification of every normal chromosome in the mouse, Mus musculus, and the demonstration of strain differences. By identifying the chromosomes involved in a series of translocations, it has been possible to assign 14 of the 19 known linkage groups to 14 different chromosomes. These powerful cytological methods promise to revolutionize cytogenetic studies in higher organisms. 相似文献
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Chromosomal locations of the murine T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and the T-cell gamma gene 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
D M Kranz H Saito C M Disteche K Swisshelm D Pravtcheva F H Ruddle H N Eisen S Tonegawa 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4689):941-945
Two independent methods were used to identify the mouse chromosomes on which are located two families of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like genes that are rearranged and expressed in T lymphocytes. The genes coding for the alpha subunit of T-cell receptors are on chromosome 14 and the gamma genes, whose function is yet to be determined, are on chromosome 13. Since genes for the T-cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig-like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B-cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains. The findings do not support earlier contentions that genes for T-cell receptors are linked to the Ig heavy chain locus (mouse chromosome 12) or to the major histocompatibility complex (mouse chromosome 17). 相似文献
5.
Chromosomal localization of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes in the mouse 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
O Heidmann A Buonanno B Geoffroy B Robert J L Guénet J P Merlie J P Changeux 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4778):866-868
The chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the four subunits of muscle nicotinic receptor was determined by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphisms between two mouse species Mus musculus domesticus (DBA/2) and Mus spretus (SPE). Analysis of the progeny of the interspecies mouse backcross (DBA/2 X SPE) X DBA/2 showed that the alpha-subunit gene cosegregates with the alpha-cardiac actin gene on chromosome 17, that the beta-subunit gene is located on chromosome 11, and that the gamma- and delta-subunit genes cosegregate and are located on chromosome 1. 相似文献
6.
应用PCR方法通过毛发进行哺乳动物性别鉴定 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
以哺乳动物的新鲜毛发和在冷冻条件下保存４个月的毛发作为材料。从毛囊中提取ＤＮＡ,应用ＰＣＲ方法扩增ＳＲＹ基因片段,ＺＦＸ／ＺＦＹ基因片段,探讨哺乳动物性别鉴定的最优化ＰＣＲ方案。结果表明,毛发ＤＮＡ和血液ＤＮＡ均可获得相同的扩增结果。证实了毛发作为ＰＣＲ扩增材料是可靠的。对不同材料量、不同模板量、不同提取方法进行比较,优化实验方案,达到１根毛发用Ｃｈｅｌｅｘ－１００提取得到的ＤＮＡ即可以成功地进行 相似文献
7.
海门白山羊染色体核型研究及C-带分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了海门白山羊的染色体核型与C-带。结果表明,海门白山羊二倍体染色体数为2n=60,常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间,Y染色体最小,为中部着丝粒染色体,公羊核型为60,XY,母羊为60,XX。大部分常染色体和X,Y染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C-带,但不同染色体的阳性C-带区域大小不同。 相似文献
8.
The X chromosomes of mammals and fruit flies exhibit unusual properties that have evolved to deal with the different dosages of X-linked genes in males (XY) and females (XX). The X chromosome dosage-compensation mechanisms discovered in these species are evolutionarily unrelated, but exhibit surprising parallels in their regulatory strategies. These features include the importance of noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic spreading of chromatin-modifying activities. Sex chromosomes have posed a fascinating puzzle for biologists. The dissimilar organization, gene content, and regulation of the X and Y chromosomes are thought to reflect selective forces acting on original pairs of identical chromosomes (1-3). The result in many organisms is a male-specific Y chromosome that has lost most of its original genetic content, and a difference in dosage of the X chromosome in males (XY) and females (XX). 相似文献
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RUSSELL LB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1961,133(3467):1795-1803
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利用NCBI数据库中小鼠Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC)与Neural Progenitor Cells (NPC)的基因芯片结果及NPC时期的RFX1ChIP-Seq数据，进行有关RFX1的分析，结果表明：RFX1结合位点富集在1，2，4，5，7，9，11染色体上，Y染色体上最少，其他染色体上比较均衡；在基因组中结合位点分布区域主要在基因的promoter区域，约有53.2%，其次是intergentic，占22.5%，body区域，占13.1%，enhancer区域，占11.2%.说明RFX1是以结合在基因的promoter区为主要形式对目的基因进行调控.同时在DAVID数据库中用生物信息学方法探索了RFX1靶基因的生物学功能分类. 相似文献
11.
Jing WANG Chen CHENG Yanru ZHOU Yong YANG Qiong MEI Junmin LI Ye CHENG Chengqi YAN Jianping CHEN 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2015,2(3):260
Y73 is a progeny of asymmetric somatic hybridization between Oryza sativa cv. Dalixiang and the wild rice species Oryza meyeriana. Inoculation with a range of strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae showed that Y73 had inherited a high level of resistance to rice bacterial blight (BB) from its wild parent. An F2 population of 7125 individuals was constructed from the cross between Y73 and a BB-susceptible cultivar IR24. After testing 615 SSR and STS markers covering the 12 rice chromosomes, 186 markers were selected that showed polymorphism between Y73 and IR24. Molecular markers linked to the BB resistance genes in Y73 were scanned using the F2 population and the polymorphic markers. The SSR marker RM128 on chromosome 1, the STS marker R03D159 on chromosome 3 and the STS marker R05D104 on chromosome 5 were found to be linked to the rice BB resistance genes in Y73. 相似文献
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以荷斯坦奶牛、西门塔尔牛和甘南牦牛为观测对象,利用Y染色体上特异性序列BRY基因进行性别预测,并对其进行PCR扩增、分子克隆及序列分析;最后以牛基因组DNA为模板,利用牛BRY基因作为雄性特异性基因,ZFX/ZFY作为内标基因进行双重PCR.结果表明:公牛可获得长度约为300 bp和445 bp两条扩增带的PCR产物,母牛则仅获得1条长度约为445 bp的PCR产物,与实际性别完全相符,说明该基因可用于牛的性别预测.对BRY-PCR产物克隆测序,得到300 bp的BRY基因部分核苷酸序列,与GenBank上登录的牛和绵羊的同源性序列进行比对发现,同源性都高于87.0%,表明哺乳动物的BRY基因具有高度保守性,种间差异很小. 相似文献
13.
中国黄牛Y染色体多态性及品种起源演变的探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用G带、C带、RBA带、常规和C带或RBA带连续染色技术研究了中国9个地方黄牛品种的66头人工授精用公牛、41头小公牛和12头母牛的染色体，着重研究了它们Y染色体的多态性。北方的蒙古牛和延边牛是无肩峰牛，具有普通牛核型，其Y染色体分别为亚中和中着丝点。中原地区的秦川牛、晋南牛在每个品种中均发现了亚中、中和近端着丝点Y染色体，而郏县红牛中存在着中和近端着丝点两种形态Y染色体、这几个品种应是由肩峰牛和无肩峰牛长期融合形成的。西镇牛、鲁西牛、南阳牛、温岭高峰牛均具有瘤牛类型的Y染色体，是以瘤牛为基础形成的品种。经RBA带鉴别，西镇牛Y染色体无短臂，为端着丝点染色体，其余3个品种为近端着丝点Y染色体。结合国内有关黄牛染色体研究材料，讨论了中国黄牛的分类和起源。认为中国的无肩峰黄牛除来源于具亚中着丝点Y染色体的蒙古牛之外，还应来源于另一种分布范围很广的，具中着丝点Y染色体的无肩峰牛。鉴于现有的肩峰黄牛品种中Y染色体形态和带型差异，可能古代生存于中国的瘤牛已发生分化。中国黄牛诸品种应由不同类型的无峰牛和肩峰牛经长期选育和杂交而形成的。 相似文献
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A detailed schematic representation of high-resolution G-banding patterns was prepared from elongated and finely banded mitotic chromosomes of the mouse. Such chromosomes can be obtained from both animal tissue and cell lines by a simple protocol, facilitating precise demarcation of breakpoints in chromosome rearrangements and aiding in the sublocalization of genes. Regions of subbanding homology were observed between human and mouse chromosomal segments known to have conserved gene assignments, an indication that, at the cytogenetic level, extensive regions of the mammalian genome may remain intact after 60 million years of species divergence. 相似文献
15.
植物的性别决定机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物性别决定具有不稳定性和多样性的特点,彻底揭示其机制难度较大,目前已经成为基因组学、染色体组学、进化遗传学和发育遗传学的研究热点。本文从性别决定基因、性染色体和激素调控三方面,以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L).、白麦瓶草(Silene latifolia L).、玉米(Zea mays L).、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)和番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)等为例,概述植物性别决定机制的国内外研究进展,总结了各学科相关研究主要技术路线、试验方法以及研究中尚待解决的问题,并重点介绍了分子标记、RNA沉默、FISH、SSH、BAC文库等遗传分析技术的应用使本研究领域取得的重大突破。 相似文献
16.
Linkage groups II and XII of the mouse: cytological localization by fluorochrome staining 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The T(2;12) 163H translocation involves two chromosomes which carry the two groups of genes known as linkage groups II and XII. Staining with quinacrine mustard reveals that these chromosomes are numbers 10 and 19 of the fluorescent karyotype of the normal mouse. Linkage group II is assigned to chromosome 10, linkage group XII to chromosome 19. 相似文献
17.
我们采用双峰驼的外周血液淋巴细胞培养方法,对其染色体进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,双峰驼的染色体数目为 2n=74。并初步摸索出一个比较易行的培养操作过程,为进一步开展骆驼遗传结构研究提供了参考材料. 相似文献
18.
In some reptiles, egg incubation temperature determines whether the embryo hatches as male or female; in others, sex chromosomes determine sex. A cloned gene (ZFY) representing the putative testis-determining factor in mammals was hybridized to genomic DNA of reptiles with sex chromosomes and to DNA of reptiles with temperature-dependent sex determination. No sex differences in hybridization patterns were observed. Hybridization of ZFY to polyadenylated RNA indicates that reptilian versions of this gene are expressed in embryos of both sexes during the temperature-sensitive period. If these highly conserved sequences are important in reptilian sex determination, then temperature-dependent and genotypic sex determination may have a similar molecular basis. For reptiles with XX/XY or ZZ/ZW systems, the absence of sex differences in hybridization patterns raises the question of whether the ZFY sequences reside on their sex chromosomes. 相似文献
19.
对秦川牛、岭南牛、西镇牛的染色体进行了 G带研究 ,结果表明 ,这 3个黄牛品种除 Y染色体以外的所有染色体对 ,其 G带带型基本一致。每对染色体都有其独有的带纹特征 ,可用于识别牛的每条染色体。Y染色体有中部 (或亚中部 )和近端着丝粒染色体。根据 3个黄牛品种 G带带型的共同特点 ,对其染色体带型进行了描述、分区和命名 ,并绘制了牛 86个区 354条带的 G带模式图 相似文献
20.
F A McMorris T R Chen F Ricciuti J Tischfield R Creagan F Ruddle 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(78):1129-1131
Thirty-seven clones of somatic cell hybrids between human and mouse cells were examined for retention of human chromosomes and expression of human constitutive enzymes. Human glucosephosphate isomerase and chromosome F-19 were retained or lost concordantly, as were human mannosephosphate isomerase and chromosome C-7. The genes for the enzymes are thus assigned to these two chromosomes. 相似文献