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1.
四纹豆象是一种田间及储藏物豆类中重要害虫.在本文中论述四纹豆象生物学及其防治的6个主要方面.(1)四纹豆象种名的同义词.(2)四纹豆象与鹰咀豆象之间主要差异.(3)四纹豆象成虫的多型现象.(4)四纹豆象的标准型与活动型之间生物学特性.(5)活动型虫口的观察.(6)四纹豆象虫口的制止及防治. 相似文献
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在收集分析我国口岸截获菜豆象情况的基础上,从菜豆象进入可能性、定殖可能性、扩散可能性及经济和环境影响等因素分析菜豆象入侵我国的风险,提出了相应的检验检疫对策. 相似文献
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为了完善国内在四纹豆象胚胎发育方面的研究,为四纹豆象的有效治理提供科学理论依据,给中国粮食部门的四纹豆象防治工作提供真实可靠的实验数据,通过显微镜观察描述了四纹豆象的胚胎发育过程,同时研究了温度对其发育历期的影响。结果表明：在28℃恒温和70%相对湿度条件下,四纹豆象胚胎发育经历了卵裂、胚盘胚带形成、胚层胚膜形成、胚体分节和附肢形成、胚胎背合与胚胎成熟时期等五个过程。卵的历期为118 h,其中0~11 h 为卵裂期,12~16 h 为胚盘胚带形成期,17~21 h 是胚层胚膜形成期,22~90 h 为胚体分节和附肢形成阶段,91~118 h 是胚胎背合与胚胎成熟阶段。在20~37℃的温度范围内,实验种群卵的孵化时间伴随着温度的提高而缩短。本研究为四纹豆象分类和系统发育提供依据,也为四纹豆象分子生物学的深入研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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对6种杀虫剂──0．05％的马拉硫磷和敌敌畏、0．02％的溴氰菊酯、1．0％的印度苦楝油、Neemark和Repelin（最后3种均为植物性杀虫剂）防治赤拟谷盗、米象和四纹豆象进行实验室研究，以测定其比较毒力。研究结果表明：敌敌畏的杀虫效果最好，处理后倒。时，就能有100％的死亡率。其次是澳氰菊酯。马拉硫磷能有效地防治四纹豆象和米象，但不能有效地防治赤拟谷盗。Neemark和Rerelin对防治赤拟谷盗仅是中等水平，而印度苦辣油对防治这3种储粮昆虫均不理想。用敌敌畏防治赤拟谷盗、米象和四纹豆象的半致死浓度（LC。。）分别为10．675土1．3… 相似文献
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在美国进行实验室研究,把豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)用四纹豆象加以为害,然后一个个地密封入用各种包装薄膜做的小袋中,以确定四纹豆象的活动能力和穿透情况.同时,没有豆象的豇豆也装袋,并在口袋内、外用四纹豆象加以为害.用聚氨酯,聚酯,聚乙烯——乙烯乙酸乙烯酯,聚偏氯乙烯,以及用二氯苯醚菊酯处理的聚丙烯能抗四纹豆象的穿透.薄的聚偏氯乙烯膜,聚丙烯,纸质聚乙烯,聚氯乙烯和玻璃纸则可以穿透. 相似文献
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豆象是豆类植物最危险的害虫,极易随种子传播蔓延.目前世界各国列为国际植物检疫对象的豆象科Lariidae害虫有十六种.近年,在我省进口豆类中,发现四种豆象,1.四纹豆象Callosobruchus 相似文献
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本文在常温下首次用绿豆作饲料对巴西豆象生物学特性进行了研究,研究结果表明,巴西豆象取食绿豆后生长发育良好.此外,本文还考察了食物和温度因子对巴西豆象生长发育的影响. 相似文献
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食用豆在耕地质量提升、优化农业生态体系及人类膳食结构改善中发挥着重要作用。豆象是世界性仓储性害虫,严重影响着食用豆产业的健康发展。国内外在食用豆抗豆象种质鉴定评价和利用方面,从各种野生资源中鉴定出抗不同豆象的种质材料,并在豆象抗性遗传学分析、QTL定位和基因挖掘等方面取得显著进展。本文通过对豆象发生和危害规律、抗性鉴定方法、抗性机理研究、抗性种质鉴定与评价、抗性遗传和分子标记以及抗豆象育种方法和品种改良等方面的梳理和总结,对抗豆象研究存在问题进行讨论和展望,以期为我国抗豆象种质创新和品种改良提供参考价值。 相似文献
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豆象是危害绿豆产量和质量最主要的仓储害虫,为了培育抗豆象绿豆品种,河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所以抗豆象资源V1128与中绿1号杂交获得的抗豆象4号为母本,以冀绿7号为父本,通过杂交、回交、分子标记辅助选择、室内抗豆象鉴定及定向选拔,选育出高抗豆象绿豆品种冀绿0713-3,并于2019年通过河北省科技成果转化服务中心鉴定评价(省级登记号:20191695),定名为冀绿17号。该品种具有高抗豆象、早熟、高产、直立、抗倒性好、结荚集中、成熟一致、不炸荚、适宜一次性收获等特性,是河北省第2个抗豆象绿豆品种。 相似文献
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Common bean breeding for resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses: From classical to MAS breeding 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Summary Breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of global importance in common bean is reviewed with emphasis on development
and application of marker-assisted selection (MAS). The implementation and adoption of MAS in breeding for disease resistance
is advanced compared to the implementation of MAS for insect and abiotic stress resistance. Highlighted examples of breeding
in common bean using molecular markers reveal the role and success of MAS in gene pyramiding, rapidly deploying resistance
genes via marker-assisted backcrossing, enabling simpler detection and selection of resistance genes in absence of the pathogen,
and contributing to simplified breeding of complex traits by detection and indirect selection of quantitative trait loci (QTL)
with major effects. The current status of MAS in breeding for resistance to angular leaf spot, anthracnose, Bean common mosaic and Bean common mosaic necrosis viruses, Beet curly top virus, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, common bacterial blight, halo bacterial blight, rust, root rots, and white mold is reviewed in detail. Cumulative mapping
of disease resistance traits has revealed new resistance gene clusters while adding to others, and reinforces the co-location
of QTL conditioning resistance with specific resistance genes and defense-related genes. Breeding for resistance to insect
pests is updated for bean pod weevil (Apion), bruchid seed weevils, leafhopper, thrips, bean fly, and whitefly, including
the use of arcelin proteins as selectable markers for resistance to bruchid seed weevils. Breeding for resistance to abiotic
stresses concentrates on drought, low soil phosphorus, and improved symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The combination of root growth
and morphology traits, phosphorus uptake mechanisms, root acid exudation, and other traits in alleviating phosphorus deficiency,
and identification of numerous QTL of relatively minor effect associated with each trait, reveals the complexity to be addressed
in breeding for abiotic stress resistance in common bean. 相似文献
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A. G. Abdel-Sabour H. A. Obiadalla-Ali K. A. AbdelRehim 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(1):53-60
The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability among six cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars differing in their resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) weevil. Two resistant bean cultivars were used to compare between the sensitive, moderate tolerant, and high tolerant
cowpea cultivars. The differentiations were performed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting, protein
concentration and organic and non-organic components in seed coat. Six polymorphic primers were identified, resulting in different
informative bands. Based on polymorphic profiles, three clusters were formed. Clustering was mainly affected by the resistance
to weevil pest. The sensitive cowpea cultivars were separated in one group, the moderate tolerant and high tolerant cultivars
came in separate groups, and finally, the resistant bean cultivars separated clearly in one distinct group. The most interesting
result was represented by concentration of total protein in the seed coat. The protein concentration in the resistant bean
cultivars were approximately 50% less than concentration in each of the moderate tolerant and sensitive cultivars of cowpea.
Ferric ions were about 25% less than the moderate tolerant and sensitive cultivars. The concentrations of calcium and potassium
in seed coats were higher in the resistant beans than in cowpea cultivars. Cobalt was about four times higher in resistant
bean than in the sensitive and moderate tolerant cowpea cultivars, which may play a major role in seed resistance to weevil. 相似文献
15.
中国储藏物害虫生物防治的研究进展 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
本文综述了中国近20年储藏物害虫生物防治的研究与应用进展。（1）天敌昆虫方面：从美国引进黄色花蝽室内毓及仓库释放取得成功，并进行了有关生物学及捕食效应的研究。对仓双环猎蝽、黄风花蝽、麦蛾茧蜂及蜚蠊卵寄生蜂进行了生物学及控制研究，开展了天敌昆虫区系调查。（2）病原微生物：对苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt)进行了仓库资源的分类鉴定及遗传多样性研究、致病害虫病变研究；对蜚蠊有效的苏云金芽孢杆菌、病毒、线虫进行了分离筛选及生物测定；用Bt乳剂实仓防治绿豆象。（3）昆虫信息素：仓库中释放麦蛾、印度螟蛾的合成信息素取得成效，对谷斑皮蠹、绿豆象、谷象、烟草甲、扁甲类、蜚蠊、白蚁等进行了合成信息素效果试验及信息素的分离、提取、纯化、合成工作。（4）昆虫生长调节与生长抑制剂：开展了灭幼脲1号（TH－6040，Dimilin)及保幼激素ZR515及ZR512等30多种保幼激素防治害虫的研究。（5）抗虫品种方面：进行了稻谷、小麦、玉米、豆类品种储藏期对玉米象、麦蛾、谷蠹、豆象的抗性及其机制研究。（6）遗传防治：开展了印度螟蛾、谷象、绿豆象等害虫不育及遗传效应的研究。米象与玉米象杂交后代的遗传学研究。 相似文献
16.
中国豆野螟发生与防治研究沿革、进展及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
豆野螟是豆科作物主要害虫,中国各地均有发生。笔者简述了中国研究豆野螟的研究历史及进展,归纳和评述了豆野螟在中国各地的主要寄主植物、年发生代数、各虫态发育速率及危害习性等,叙述了防治理念和方法的变化和发展,对有争议的地方进行了分析和评述。通过分析,对2个存疑之处得出了肯定的回答,（1）豆野螟趋光性较强,由于其在玻璃等光滑的表面能稳稳地停息,不易落入黑光灯收集瓶（袋）内,致使早上收虫数量很少,从而被误认为其趋光性弱;（2）豆野螟除了广东、海南等地可以终年危害外,在中国的绝大部分地区都不越冬,冬季来临前,很可能逐渐南移至可终年繁殖危害的地区。最后以讨论形式,展望了对豆野螟今后的研究前景,并提出了一些综合治理建议。 相似文献
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Bruchid beetles or seed weevils are the most devastating stored pests of grain legumes causing considerable loss to mungbean
(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Breeding for bruchid resistance is a major goal in mungbean improvement. Few sources of resistance in cultivated
genepool were identified and characterized, however, there has been no study on the genetic control of the resistance. In
this study, we investigated the inheritance of seed resistance to Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (F.) in two landrace mungbean accessions, V2709BG and V2802BG. The F1, F2 and BC generations were developed from crosses between the resistant and susceptible accessions and evaluated for resistance
to the insects. It was found that resistance to bruchids in seeds is controlled by maternal plant genotype. All F1 plants derived from both direct and reciprocal crosses exhibited resistance to the bruchids. Segregation pattern of reaction
to the beetles in the F2 and backcross populations showed that the resistance is controlled by a major gene, with resistance is dominant at varying
degrees of expressivity. Although the presence of modifiers was also observed. The gene is likely the same locus in both V2709BG
and V2802BG. The resistant gene is considered very useful in breeding for seed resistance to bruchids in mungbean. 相似文献
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磷化铝间歇熏蒸防治鱼粉螨类的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究介绍了饲料鱼粉螨类的有效防治方法．采用11．5g／m2的磷化铝片剂，分两次间歇熏蒸大量孳生螨类和昆虫的棉纱布袋和编织袋包装的鱼粉，达到了有效杀灭鱼粉中大量孳生的粉尘螨、跗蠊螨、齿蠊螨、河野脂螨、食根嗜木螨、马六甲肉食螨、转开肉食螨、特氏肉食螨等8种螨类和烟草甲、白腹皮蠹、拟白腹皮蠹、赤颈郭公虫、赤足郭公虫、黑菌虫的效果。 相似文献
19.
为探究不同施氮水平下小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆根瘤形成及氮素吸收累积的影响,明确氮肥施用与豆科作物结瘤固氮、氮素吸收累积和产量的关系,通过2年田间试验,分析了N0、N1、N2和N3 4个施氮水平（蚕豆：0、45、90、135kg/hm2;小麦：0、90、180、270kg/hm2）下,单作、间作蚕豆各关键生育期根瘤鲜重、氮素吸收关键参数、地上部氮素累积量和产量的特征。结果表明,N0、N1和N2水平下,间作蚕豆根瘤鲜重比单作分别提高40.9%、27.2%和34.1%;高氮（N3）水平下,单作、间作蚕豆根瘤鲜重无显著差异。与单作相比,4个施氮水平下间作蚕豆的最大氮素累积量（A）和最大氮素吸收速率（Rmax）降幅分别为8.01%~13.93%和10.27%~12.98%,表明氮素吸收累积特点与根瘤鲜重相反。在蚕豆营养生长阶段（出苗后90d内）,单作、间作蚕豆氮素累积量无差异;进入结荚期后（出苗90d后）,间作显著降低了蚕豆的氮素累积量。同时,蚕豆产量也受施氮量和种植模式的调控,与单作相比,4个施氮水平下,间作降低蚕豆产量平均达20.66%。整体而言,在N1水平下,蚕豆根瘤鲜重和产量达最大值,随着施氮量增加,蚕豆根瘤鲜重、氮素累积量和产量均随之降低,间作促进根瘤形成的优势减弱甚至消失。因此,间作体系中蚕豆氮肥的运筹与间作优势的形成密切相关。 相似文献
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采用药膜法室内测定新型微生物杀虫药剂艾绿士（有效成分为乙基多杀菌素）对三种主要储粮害虫玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的作用效果,以储粮保护剂保粮磷作为对照。结果表明：当浓度为16μg/cm2,作用时间48 h时,艾绿士丙酮溶液对三种害虫的防治效果均达97%以上;艾绿士对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹等三种害虫具有良好的触杀作用,其中对锈赤扁谷盗触杀效果最好;艾绿士对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的LC50值分别为5.1630μg/cm2、1.9337μg/cm2、5.2517μg/cm2;艾绿士对锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的毒力高于保粮磷3倍多,对玉米象的毒力略高于保粮磷。本试验结果对生物药剂艾绿士的有效成分乙基多杀菌素在储粮害虫生物防治方面的合理应用提供了基本依据。 相似文献