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1.
以荒漠短命植物狭果鹤虱为研究对象,通过野外控制实验,研究叶片被毛(leaf hairs)对狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:对于叶片有被毛的植物,模拟凝结水能显著提高叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度以及地上生物量(干重),而对根径、根长与地下生物量(干重)表现出较小的效应;对于人工去除叶片被毛的植物,模拟凝结水对其根长、根径、叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、地上与地下生物量的影响不大。由此可知,被毛的存在能显著增加狭果鹤虱叶片吸附凝结水的量,同时也能增强其对干旱环境的适应能力。  相似文献   

2.
叶片气孔分布及生理特征对环境胁迫的响应   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
从干旱、遮荫、盐胁迫、重金属以及CO2浓度5个方面综述了植物叶片的气孔分布及其特性在不同胁迫环境下出现的形态和生理差异。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫导致大多数植物叶片的气孔密度增大,气孔开度减少,而气孔的分布则随物种和胁迫程度不同而出现差异。(2)遮荫环境导致多数植物的气孔数量和气孔密度减小,气孔的形状发生改变,植物的气孔导度和净光合速率均明显降低。(3)盐胁迫将减少植物的叶片面积,改变叶片的组织结构,增加叶片的气孔密度,降低植物的气孔导度和净光合速率。(4)重金属胁迫则导致植物的气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均呈现降低趋势。(5)大多数研究都表明叶片的外部形态及其气体交换等特征在提升CO2浓度后将受到显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)是我国西北荒漠区重要的防风固沙造林树种,当地高温、少雨的气候条件常会对其生长产生高温和干旱的双重胁迫,文中以沙冬青幼树为试材,通过人工气候箱调控气温(25℃、32℃、39℃和45℃),采用自然失水的方法(停止浇水0、3、6、9、12d),模拟研究荒漠区定植后的沙冬青幼树对夏季高温和干旱双重胁迫的生理及光合的响应过程,以期为该地区沙冬青定植后的水分管理提供理论依据。结果表明:当气温在25-39℃下,随土壤含水量降至10%,沙冬青叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度等指标小幅升高;土壤含水量小于6%时,沙冬青幼树叶片含水量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率、水分利用效率等指标明显降低;复水后上述指标均呈现恢复趋势。当气温升至45℃,沙冬青幼树叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率随土壤失水逐渐降低;当土壤含水量为6%时,净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率接近0;复水后上述指标也未见恢复现象。此时,高温、土壤失水或复合胁迫都使沙冬青幼树无法正常生长。当气温从25℃升高至39℃时,沙冬青的生理及光合指标受水分的胁迫...  相似文献   

4.
以中国西北干旱荒漠区新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区为研究区,选取对水分输入响应最敏感的短命植物狭果鹤虱,通过遮盖处理形成不遮盖(T1组)、半遮盖(T2组)与全遮盖(T3组)的3个凝结水梯度;研究凝结水的多少对狭果鹤虱的株高、冠幅、叶面积、叶片厚度、根长、根径、叶片相对含水量、叶片水势以及生物量分配的影响。结果表明:(1)在植株生长季中后期,随着凝结水量增加,植株高度、冠幅面积、叶面积、叶厚度、叶片相对含水率、净光合速率与气孔导度叶片水势均显著增加(P 0. 05);相反地,根长和根径在3个凝结水量上没有显著差别(P0. 05)。(2)茎质比(SMR)在生物量分配中是一个比较稳定的性状,从T1~T3组,变化幅度为3. 0%~13. 5%。个体植株叶质比(LMR)差异显著(P 0. 05),根质比(RMR)均逐渐下降,但并未表现出显著差异。综合可知,干旱区中,狭果鹤虱的叶片可以吸收并利用凝结水,形态性状对水分极度敏感且具有较高变异性,主要通过改变地上性状、不改变地下性状的策略吸收利用大气凝结水。  相似文献   

5.
磷营养和土壤含水量对大豆光合特性的交互影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用盆栽砂培,对不同磷(0.05、0.5、1.02、.0 mmol/L KH2PO4)、水(田间持水量的20%、40%、60%和80%)条件下大豆的光合特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)低磷和干旱胁迫导致大豆叶片含水量和地上部分生物量显著降低,水分饱和亏缺和根冠比增大。磷营养和土壤含水量对叶片水分饱和亏缺、根冠比、叶片含水量、比叶面积、地上部分生物量具有显著的交互效应。(2)低磷和干旱胁迫显著降低了大豆的叶绿素含量(Chl a、Chl b和Chl a+b),缺磷导致叶绿素a/b比值显著升高,且具有显著的磷×水交互效应。(3)缺磷和干旱胁迫显著降低了Fv/Fm和ΦPSII,并对Fv/Fm具有显著的交互效应。(4)低磷和干旱胁迫下,大豆叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(E)显著减小,气孔限制值(Ls)增大,磷营养和土壤含水量对水分利用效率(WUE)和Ls的交互效应显著。  相似文献   

6.
植物净光合速率的关键影响因子关系到草原生产力的波动和稳定性。实地测定锡林浩特草原22个样地27种共82株植物的光合指标和环境影响因子,采用Pearson相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析、决策系数分析等方法,分析各因子与草原植物净光合速率的关系。结果表明:锡林浩特草原区植物净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关;净光合速率与水分利用效率呈线性相关;在影响草原植物的环境因子中,净光合速率随大气相对湿度的增加而增大,而空气温度对净光合速率的影响并不显著;由通径分析可知,水分利用效率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和大气相对湿度成为影响净光合速率的主要因素。决策系数表明,锡林浩特草原区植物的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度4个生理因子是净光合速率的主要决策变量,而环境参数中的空气温度和大气相对湿度,则成为净光合速率的限制性因素。影响草原植物净光合速率的因素有蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度和大气相对湿度。  相似文献   

7.
荒漠植物白麻气孔导度特征及其影响因子研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
依据2010年对干旱荒漠区白麻的观测资料,对白麻气孔运动及其影响因子进行了分析研究并揭示了荒漠植物白麻的水分利用特征。结果表明:(1)白麻气孔导度的整体下降过程中有少许周期性波动,与净光合速率、蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度的转折点基本一致。(2)白麻气孔导度与影响因子之间进行偏相关分析,多元回归分析,通径分析,最终得出白麻气孔导度主要受光合有效辐射(PAR)、水汽压亏缺(VPD)、叶气温差(ΔT)和空气温度(Ta)的影响。(3)白麻水分利用效率和气孔限制值的关系可以看出:水分利用效率随着气孔限制值的增大而增大,随着气孔限制值的减小而减小。  相似文献   

8.
干旱胁迫对沙地云杉光合、叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以田间8年生沙地云杉为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫对沙地云杉的光合、叶绿素荧光参数的影响,为沙地云杉在干旱荒漠区的推广应用等方面提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫加剧,沙地云杉的光合参数净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)也随之降低,当土壤含水量为17%时,净光合速率(Pn)最大.胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)同时降低,说明气孔因素是导致沙地云杉叶片净光合速率下降的主要因素.(2)干旱胁迫对沙地云杉叶绿素荧光参数均产生显著影响,其中最大光化学效率PSII(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)对干旱胁迫的反应较为敏感,可作为评价沙地云杉抗旱能力的参考指标.综合分析各项指标表明,干旱胁迫对沙地云杉的光合荧光特性影响显著,气孔因素是导致沙地云杉叶片净光合速率下降的主要因素.  相似文献   

9.
不同花椒品种抗旱性比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以3个花椒品种1年生实生苗为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究了干旱胁迫条件下3个品种叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、MDA含量、SOD、POD活性、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、茎生物量、根生物量、总生物量和根茎比的变化,利用隶属函数对其抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明,随干旱胁迫程度的增加,3个花椒品种叶片相对含水量均呈下降趋势;MDA含量、POD活性均呈上升趋势;可溶性蛋白含量先减少后增加;SOD活性、叶绿素含量、净光合速率季变化平均值先增加后下降;净光合速率季变化曲线呈单峰型或双峰型,但峰值出现的时间不同;茎生物量、根生物量和总生物量均呈下降趋势;豆椒根茎比降低,二红袍根茎比先降后升,大红袍根茎比上升。3个花椒品种抗旱性强弱排序为:豆椒二红袍大红袍。  相似文献   

10.
干旱对关中地区不同年代小麦品种旗叶光合特性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以陕西关中地区70年间大面积推广的冬小麦品种为材料,研究了干旱胁迫对冬小麦花后旗叶光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着小麦品种的更替,抗旱性逐步增强,干旱胁迫下20世纪50年代以前品种五指麦、碧蚂1号比适宜水分条件下分别减产18.2%、38.3%,而90年代后品种小偃22仅减产2.3%。不同品种小麦收获前期旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度受干旱影响均有所下降,但旗叶胞间CO2浓度则表现为增加趋势,碧蚂1号、小偃22号花后各阶段旗叶气孔导度平均降低了5%、18%,旗叶胞间CO2浓度则提高了9%、8%,说明干旱胁迫下花后旗叶净光合速率的降低并非是由气孔导度降低引起的。  相似文献   

11.
It is important to understand the effects of dew events on non-mucilaginous seed germination of annual desert plant species during dry seasons, which is critical to maintaining long-term soil seed banks in a harsh desert environment. We hypothesize that dew deposition also assists in the non-mucilaginous seed germination of annual desert species. A common field dew treatment experiment was conducted in the Linze Inland River Basin Research Station to investigate the effects of dew deposition on the seed germination of four annual species, including Agriophyllum squarrosum, Corispermum mongolicum, Bassia dasyphylla and Halogeton arachnoideus. The results showed that the presence of dew significantly increased seed germination percentages and decreased the nonviable seed percentages of B. dasyphylla and H. arachnoideus, whereas there was no such trend for the seeds of C. mongolicum and A. squarrosum. The ecological effects of dew on the seed germination and viability of the annual desert plants were species specific. Although dew wetting is insufficient to cause seed germination, it may help in priming the seeds.  相似文献   

12.
Relationship between dew presence and Bassia dasyphylla plant growth   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Dew has been recognized for its ecological significance and has also been identified as an additional source of water in arid zones.We used factorial control experiment,under dew presence in the field,to explore photosynthetic performance,water status and growth response of desert annual herbage.Bassia dasyphylla seedlings were grown in contrasting dew treatments (dew-absent and dew-present) and different watering regimes (normal and deficient).The effects of dew on the water status and photosynthetic performance of Bassia dasyphylla,grown in a desert area of the Hexi Corridor in Northwestern China,were evaluated.The results indicated the presence of dew significantly increased relative water content (RWC) of shoots and total biomass of plants in both water regimes,and enhanced the diurnal shoot water potential and stomatal conductance in the early morning,as well as photosynthetic rate,which reached its maximum only in the water-stressed regime.The presence of dew increased aboveground growth of plants and photosynthate accumulation in leaves,but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio in both water regimes.Dew may have an important role in improving plant water status and ameliorating the adverse effects of plants exposed to prolonged drought.  相似文献   

13.
荒漠区一年生植物层片的组织格局与生态适应模式   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
在阿拉善荒漠及其邻近地区 ,有多种一年生植物种群可组成荒漠与绿洲生态系统的恒有性植物层片。本项研究利用样地调查与统计资料 ,取得了多种一年生植物层片物种组成的研究结果 ;在吉兰泰盐湖地区、腾格里沙漠东南部、雅布赖低山区、孪井滩地区、祁连山山麓、额济纳绿洲等地 ,对一年生植物种群生物产量的季节与年度间的波动性进行了调查和测定 ,并与相关的气象资料做了比对分析 ,获得了气候年、季变化与一年生植物层片动态的相关性认识。据此 ,划分了一年生植物层片的生态类型。荒漠与绿洲生态系统中 ,主要的一年生植物层片有 :.荒漠夏雨型一年生禾草类植物层片 ,荒漠一年生杂草类植物层片 ,沙漠一年生沙生植物层片 ,盐漠一年生盐生植物层片 ,绿洲草甸一年生植物层片 ,绿洲胡杨林一年生植物层片 ,柽柳灌丛一年生植物层片 ,绿洲农田一年生杂草植物层片等。多数一年生植物种是在荒漠优势植物株丛间的裸斑土壤种子库中 ,有丰富的种子储备 ,利用夏季较为集中的降雨迅速萌发生长到结实 ,完成一个短暂的生活周期。也有些一年生植物在沙质土、盐渍土、草甸土等特异性生境中各自具有有效的生态适应机制 ,组成沙漠、盐漠、绿洲林地与草地的一年生植物层片。这些一年生植物层片的组织格局 ,生态适应模式 ,生态功能  相似文献   

14.
荒漠生态学特殊吗?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
荒漠的突出特征是干旱,但荒漠生态学不是对付严重缺水的生态学,而是研究有机体对付资源(包括水)的空间斑块性、时间变化性和不可预见性、竞争者和觅食动物的生态学。对荒漠挑战的生态仅应以一年生植物最为突出。一年生植物在短暂的生长季节生长和繁殖迅速,种子休眠期长,具有有条件的可变的发芽策略。因此,一年生植物的种子是食谷动物可靠的食物资源,并使食谷动物群社维持在竞争平衡状态。多年生植物和食草动物的关系是对资源少而稳定的挑战作出的生态反应,并受放牧支配。即荒漠地区存在着稳定性与丰富性的平衡(trade—off);资源贫乏时、资源具有高度可预见性。对多年生植物和食草动物的研究表明:荒漠生态系统一般受干扰因素控制。对于任一荒漠环境,一旦给非生物环境以适当定义,就能相当准确地预见其生态。即生态学所形成的范例、原则和规律适合于一切环境。荒漠生态学除了以斑块性、干扰性、环境的不稳定性、平均资源的贫乏性以及局部而片断的丰富度为特征外,再没有什么特殊之处。荒漠生态学是一门不特殊的有用学科。  相似文献   

15.
As one of the most important biological factors that maintain the stability of the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the biological soil crusts (BSCs) develop well and play critical ecological roles in the desert ecosystem. In this paper,we briefly summarize our research findings since 2002 including species composition,distribution pattern and ecological functions of BSCs in the desert. Our results indicate abundant species diversity of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert in comparison to other deserts in China. At the scales of sand dune or whole desert,the distribution patterns of BSCs are location-specific. The existence of BSCs in this desert could:(1) accelerate the formation of desert soil and the weathering of minerals; (2) accumulate organic matter in surface soil through related species in soil crusts; (3) enhance the abilities of sand surface to resist wind erosion; (4) influence seed germination of vascular plants; and (5) enhance the production of dew deposition on sandy soil surface.  相似文献   

16.
Coal mining has led to serious ecological damages in arid desert region of Northwest China. However, effects of climatic factor and mining activity on vegetation dynamics and plant diversity in this region remain unknown. Wuhai City located in the arid desert region of Northwest China is an industrial city and dominated by coal mining. Based on Landsat data and field investigation in Wuhai City, we analyzed the vegetation dynamics and the relationships with climate factors, coal mining activity and ecological restoration projects from 2000 to 2019. Results showed that vegetation in Wuhai City mostly consisted of desert plants, such as Caragana microphylla, Tetraena mongolica and Achnatherum splendens. And the vegetation fractional coverage(VFC) and greenness rate of change(GRC) showed that vegetation was slightly improved during the study period. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was positively correlated with annual mean precipitation, relative humidity and annual mean temperature, indicating that these climate factors might play important roles in the improved vegetation. Vegetation coverage and plant diversity around the coal mining area were reduced by coal mining, while the implementation of ecological restoration projects improved the vegetation coverage and plant diversity. Our results suggested that vegetation in the arid desert region was mainly affected by climate factors, and the implementation of ecological restoration projects could mitigate the impacts of coal mining on vegetation and ecological environment.  相似文献   

17.
沙坡头地区凝结水及其在生态环境中的意义   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:21  
本文论述了草原化荒漠区在之灌溉条件下,仅依靠自然降水,植物生长与水分平衡的关系,指出吸湿凝结水是地表植被,尤其是对土著植物,隐花植物,微生物有一定侵润和水分的补给作用。对线根性一年生植物也有滋养意义。对强化固沙植物,固沙植物的生化活性、生物循环和能量转化有相当积极的生态意义。  相似文献   

18.
对于降雨稀少的内陆干旱区,露水具有重要的生态学意义.在黑河中游的张掖市临泽县平川镇,于2008年6~9月利用人造面板法对露水进行了连续90d的观测,发现:①只有当露水收集板的温度低于露点时,露水才能生成;②观测期间河岸带共生成露水52次,总生成量为4.26 nn,绿洲内共生成34次,总生成量为1.52 mm,戈壁共生成...  相似文献   

19.
Previous studies documented that most desert plants can be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi,however,little is known about how the dynamics of AM fungi are related to ephemerals in desert ecosystems.The dynamics of AM fungi with desert ephemerals were examined to determine the effects of host plant life stages on the development of AM fungi.Mean colonization of ephemeral annual plants was 45% lower than that of ephemeral perennial plants.The colonizations were much higher in the early part of the growing season than in later parts,peaking at flowering times.The phenology of AM fungi in root systems varied among different ephemerals.The density of AM fungal spores increased with the development of ephemeral annual plants,reached its maximum at flowering times,and then plateaued about 20 days after the aboveground senescence.A significant positive correlation was found between AM fungi spore density and biomass of ephemeral annual plants.The life cycles of AM fungi associated with desert ephemerals were very short,being about 60-70 days.Soil temperature and water content had no direct influence on the development of AM fungal spores.We concluded that the development of AM fungi was in response to desert ephemeral phenology and life history strategy.  相似文献   

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