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以安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地山羊为试验动物，分别测定了豆科牧草红三叶，紫花苜蓿及禾本科牧草冬牧70黑麦（不同生长期）的干物质（DM），粗蛋白（CP），中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率，结果表明：（1）不同生长期的冬牧70黑麦在相同培养时间段内，其DM，CP，NDF，ADF的降解率差异显著（P＜0．05），且孕穗期高于抽穗期，经72小时培养后，孕穗期DM，CP，NDF，ADF的降解率分别比抽穗期高17．88％，16．11％，17．10％，21．02％；（2）在相同培养时间段内红三叶的DM降解率均高于紫花苜蓿，但CP的降解率却相反；培养刚开始，紫花苜蓿DNF，ADF的降解率均高于红三叶，随着时间的延长，其降解率均低红于红三叶。（3）经72小时培养后，豆科牧草的DM，CP，NDF，ADF降解率均明显高于抽穗期的冬牧70黑麦，而接近于穗期的冬牧70黑麦，进一步相关分析可知，各种牧草的NDF与CP，ADF与CP的降解率之间均表现出强的正相关关系。 相似文献
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本试验采用纤维素酶和木聚糖酶2种非淀粉多糖（NSP）酶分别处理大麦秸秆和玉米秸秆，选取3只装有永久瘤胃瘘管的绵羊，通过尼龙袋法评价2种NSP酶处理对大麦秸秆和玉米秸秆养分在绵羊瘤胃内不同发酵时间（12、24、36、48、60、72 h）的降解率、降解参数和有效降解率的影响。结果显示：纤维素酶和木聚糖酶处理显著提高了大麦秸秆在瘤胃中12和36 h的干物质（DM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）降解率以及12 h的粗蛋白质（CP）降解率（P<0.05），而对大麦秸秆在瘤胃中36 h后的养分降解率无显著影响（P>0.05）；纤维素酶和木聚糖酶处理显著提高了玉米秸秆在瘤胃中12 h的DM降解率（P<0.05），纤维素酶处理显著提高了玉米秸秆在瘤胃中12 h的ADF和CP降解率（P<0.05）。纤维素酶和木聚糖酶处理显著增加了大麦秸秆DM、NDF、ADF和CP的快速降解部分（P<0.05），显著提高了DM、NDF和ADF慢速降解部分的降解速率（P<0.05），并显著提高了大麦秸秆NDF的有效降解率（P<0.05）；纤维素酶处理显著增加了玉... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究苜蓿、燕麦草、羊草、稻草和玉米青贮共5种牧场常用的粗饲料瘤胃降解特性.试验选用体重为(650±25) kg的3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳中期荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋法评定其DM、OM、CP、NDF和ADF的瘤胃降解特性和有效降解率.结果表明:①5种粗饲料中苜蓿的DM、OM、CP有效降解率显著高于其他粗饲料,均在50％以上;稻草这3个指标的瘤胃有效降解率均最低;②玉米青贮的NDF、ADF的瘤胃有效降解率均最高,苜蓿均为最低.综合考虑,苜蓿的瘤胃降解特性最好,奶牛饲喂价值最高,玉米青贮和燕麦草次之,而稻草最差. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(9)
试验旨在研究山东省羊常用粗饲料中粗蛋白的瘤胃降解特性和小肠降解特性。测定山东省17个地市10种羊常用粗饲料109个样本的常规养分含量,运用尼龙袋法测定粗饲料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)的48 h瘤胃降解率和瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP),用改进体外三步法测定DM和RUP小肠消化率及小肠可消化蛋白(uCP)。最终建立山东省羊常用粗饲料瘤胃降解率、小肠消化率、RUP及uCP与常规养分间的预测模型。结果表明:苜蓿和黑麦草(冬牧70)的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率均较高,除地瓜秧和花生秧外,秸秆类饲料的瘤胃降解率和小肠消化率普遍较低,粗饲料DM、CP的瘤胃降解率和瘤胃降解残渣的DM、RUP小肠消化率及RUP和uCP含量均受到饲料中粗蛋白和纤维物质含量的影响,即与CP含量呈正相关,与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈负相关;粗饲料原料的DM瘤胃降解率与CP瘤胃降解率间存在正相关关系。由此可见,利用粗饲料的常规养分可预测其DM和CP的瘤胃降解率、DM和RUP小肠消化率、RUP和uCP含量。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究中药复方对日粮营养物质在山羊瘤胃内降解特性的影响。择6头健康的体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的周岁大足黑山羊羯羊,按3×3重复拉丁方试验设计,随机分为3组,1个对照组和2个处理组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个处理组分别在基础日粮上给每头羊日喂15 g复方Ⅰ和复方Ⅱ(由藿香、苍术、黄柏和生石膏等中药按不同比例组成)。采用瘤胃尼龙袋法对日粮精料和粗料干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在瘤胃内不同时间点的降解率进行测定,再根据动态降解率计算出降解模型参数及有效降解率。结果表明:复方Ⅰ能极显著提高精料DM和ADF及粗料DM、OM、NDF和ADF的有效降解率(P<0.01);复方Ⅱ能极显著提高精料DM及粗料DM、OM和ADF的有效降解率(P<0.01),显著提高精料ADF和粗料NDF的有效降解率(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,中药复方能改善山羊瘤胃降解能力,且复方Ⅰ作用效果优于复方Ⅱ。 相似文献
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为研究辣木的瘤胃降解特性,探索辣木在反刍动物饲料中的应用技术,以3头安装永久性瘘管的奶牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定辣木叶、辣木枝、辣木茎在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数。结果表明:辣木干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数变化趋势相近, 48 h达到降解平台期,但不同部位的降解率差异较大。辣木叶干物质(DM)96 h降解率最高,为69.34%,辣木枝和辣木茎依次降低;辣木各部位干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)的有效降解率差异显著(P<0.05),叶、枝、茎的有效降解率依次降低。辣木叶粗蛋白(CP)的96 h降解率高达90.86%,较辣木茎和枝分别高22.84%、38.92%;三者粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率依次降低,但粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率明显高于干物质(DM)和有机物(OM);辣木叶瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量最高为15.57%,高于过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量,但辣木枝和茎的过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量高于瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量。辣木叶、枝、茎中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的96 h瘤胃降解率依次降低,分别为50.55%、27.11%、16.24%,辣木叶和辣木枝酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的96 h降解率大小相近;辣木叶的NDF、ADF的有效降解率均显著高于辣木枝和辣木茎(P<0.05)。因此从瘤胃降解特性来看,辣木3个部位的营养价值依次为辣木叶>辣木枝>辣木茎。在饲喂奶牛过程中,建议单独饲喂辣木叶,辣木枝混合营养含量高的饲料饲喂,不建议将辣木茎直接作为奶牛饲料。 相似文献
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选用1.5周岁、体重约40kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊和内蒙古半细毛羊各3只,用尼龙袋法比较研究了富含单宁的饲料——柠条在绵羊、山羊瘤胃内动态降解规律的异同。研究表明,柠条DM、NDF和ADF在绵羊瘤胃内的有效降解率均高于在山羊瘤胃内的有效降解率,其中,绵羊的NDF和ADF有效降解率极显著高于山羊(P<0.01);山羊的柠条DM、NDF和ADF快速降解部分a值相对于绵羊有增加的趋势,而DM、NDF和ADF慢速降解部分b值及潜在可降解部分(a+b)值为绵羊高于山羊(P>0.05);绵羊的NDF和ADF慢速降解部分的降解速率Kd值显著高于山羊(P<0.05)。通过研究得出,柠条DM、NDF和ADF在绵羊和山羊瘤胃内的降解率不同,表现为绵羊对柠条粗纤维降解能力比山羊强,这可能与两羊羊种瘤胃微生物区系、瘤胃池量、食糜滞留时间的差异有关;该结果同时表明,山羊瘤胃中可能含有能更好地利用富含单宁饲料的微生物。 相似文献
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为研究柱花草（Stylosanthes spp.）茎秆剪切力与形态学、化学组成及体外干物质消化率之间的相关性。通过测定不同生长高度柱花草茎秆剪切力、直径和线性密度,分析化学成分含量和干物质消化率,比较各项指标随生长高度变化的规律,探讨剪切力与各项指标之间的相关性。结果表明：柱花草茎秆剪切力、直径和线性密度随生长高度增加而增加,水分、粗蛋白含量随生长高度增加而降低,纤维含量随生长高度增加而增加,体外干物质消化率随生长高度增加而降低,表明随着生长高度增加营养价值降低。剪切力与直径、线性密度和纤维含量成正相关,与水分、粗蛋白和干物质体外消化率成负相关。剪切力较化学成分和消化率更容易测量,因此可作为柱花草营养价值评价指标之一。 相似文献
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Effect of harvest date on shearing force of maize stems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shearing force, one of physical characteristics, is an important indictor of forage value. Maize stem abounds in agro-pastoral ecotone in north-east China and can be utilized as ruminant forage in cold season. The objective of this study is to investigate temporal dynamics and vertical change of shearing force of maize stem because stem is the dominant morphological component contributing to stover nutritive value. Three maize varieties were selected in the study. The stem was cut into 4 segments, and every segment was measured at the approximate midpoint. The results show that shearing force increases with advancing maturity of maize. On same sampling date, shearing force of bottom part of stem is higher than that of upper part. Maize should be harvested as early as possible to avoid the decrease of forage value of stover. Of course, grain yield cannot be sacrificed greatly because maize is grown for its grain in this area. The upper part of stover should be selected as ruminant forage in order to improve the forage digestibility. If maize stover is utilized efficiently, it can play an important role for filling forage shortage gap in agro-pastoral ecotone in north-east China. There is positive relationship between shearing force and cellulose content, and between shearing force and lignin content. Measuring shearing force is very simple, so it can be used to predict forage value of maize stover. 相似文献
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枯萎黑麦草化学成分和消化率相关特性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析测定了一年生枯萎期黑麦草全植株及其主要形态部分的化学成分和消化率，结果证明：植株各主要形态部分占全植株的重要量百分比，茎秆，叶鞘，叶片和穗头分别为４２％，１９％，１１％和２８％。叶片含氮量最高，而木质素却最低，茎秆的中性洗涤纤维最高，而氮素却最。颈秆的ＶＩＯＭＤ和ＣＷＯＭＤ值最小，叶鞘次之，叶片最大。各形态部分ＣＷＯＭＤ值与木质素含量呈显著负相关，ＩＶＯＭＤ值与ＣＷＯＭＤ值呈显著正相关，茎秆的 相似文献
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Animals on pasture do not always have the opportunity for ad libitum consumption. Our objectives were to determine effects of intake level on digestibility of 12 grass hays, and to relate differences in intake and digestibility to proportions of leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem. In each of two periods, 24 wethers were offered one of 12 hays at three consecutive levels of feeding: (L1) ad libitum, allowing 15% refusal; (L2) restricted to 100% of hay consumed ad libitum by individual wether during L1; and (L3) 1.8% of BW on a DM basis. Hays offered included two sorghum-sudan, four barley, four oat and two pearl millet. Hays were similar in NDF concentration but differed in morphological composition Organic matter intake averaged 1.99 +/- .04, 1.79 +/- .04 and 1.52 +/- .01% of BW for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Organic matter digestibilities averaged 71.8 +/- .55 72.4 +/- .60 and 72.3 +/- .65% for L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Intake SEM within hays were lower with restricted intakes (L3), whereas the opposite was observed for the SEM for digestibility. Forage morphological composition within feeding level influenced intake and digestibility by altering diet selection capabilities of wethers. Wethers did not consume equal NDF amounts, ranging form .95 to 1.47% of BW, because hays differed in morphological composition. Ash-free ADF and 72% sulfuric acid lignin were higher (P less than .01) in stem than in blade or sheath. In vivo digestibilities measured under restricted feeding conditions were related more closely (P less than .05) to in vitro estimates of digestibility than were digestibilities measured under ad libitum conditions (r = .72, .79 and .85 for L1, L2 and L3, respectively). This study demonstrates that variation in morphological characteristics of forages may account for part of the difference in voluntary intake of forages of similar chemical composition. New knowledge in this area will be valuable in developing improved forage quality prediction procedures. 相似文献
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苜蓿品质是由苜蓿化学成分、采食率、消化率、能量值、家畜饲喂效果等组成的一个综合性状。为探索不同苜蓿品种间的品质差异,试验选取10个国内外苜蓿品种,于2017年和2018年第1茬初花期刈割取样,65 ℃烘干后测定茎叶比、干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）、粗灰分（ASH）、粗脂肪（EE）指标。结果表明：茎叶比最低的品种是WL319HQ,DM含量较高的品种是中苜1号和康赛,CP含量较高且ADF含量较低的品种是康赛和WL319HQ,RFV、EE含量最高且NDF含量最低的品种是康赛,ADL含量最低的品种是骑士2,ASH含量最低的品种是中苜1号,将上述指标进行聚类分析,品质最好的品种是WL319HQ,其次是康赛。从相关分析中得出：CP含量与茎叶比和ADF呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关,与NDF含量呈显著（P<0.05）负相关,与EE含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关;NDF含量与ADF和ADL含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关。除DM含量和ASH含量外,其他指标之间均有一定相关性。 相似文献
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F. M. E. Zeller B. L. Edmunds F. J. Schwarz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(5):982-990
The objective of this study was to determine the changes to residual plant feeding value of early‐ and late‐maturing maize varieties. The influence of the cell wall carbohydrate composition, in terms of neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDF and ADF) content, NDF and dry matter (DM) degradability, and in vitro organic matter digestibility and gas production on the feeding value of a range of maize genotypes, was measured. The different genotypes were allotted into two maturity groups (MG I – early to mid‐early: S210‐S240; MG II – mid‐late to late: S 250‐S280) and harvested at four different harvest dates (depending on the DM content of the kernels). The maize varieties of MG I had lower NDF and ADF contents and higher ruminal DM degradability, in vitro digestibility and gas production and thus a higher feeding value than MG II at the same stage of physiological maturity. A strong negative relationship between NDF content and the ruminal DM degradability (r = ?0.81) was observed. The data indicate that the early‐maturing varieties permit a larger flexibility in harvesting due to a longer period of starch inclusion into the kernel whilst simultaneously maintaining a good supply of rumen‐available fibre. Conclusively, the higher feeding value of the early‐maturing varieties, based on lower NDF and high DM digestibility, permits more flexibility in the harvesting period over the later‐maturing varieties. 相似文献
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This research was conducted to determine the effect of corn genetics and cutting height on the composition and nutritive characteristics of corn silage. An in situ study involving eight commercially available corn hybrids indicated main effects and interactions (P < 0.01) of hybrid and cutting height on NDF, ADF, and starch content and on in situ DM and NDF degradablility. Four ruminally cannulated Angus heifers (initial BW = 378 +/- 3 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square digestion experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Main effects and interactions of hybrid (Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., hybrids 3335 and 3223) and cutting height (LO = 20.3 cm, and HI = 61 cm) were evaluated. Dietary treatment consisted of 40% chopped alfalfa hay and 60% corn silage. Although corn silage hybrids used were of equivalent maturity at harvest (60% milkline), 3335 treatments had 37.8% starch and 34.8% NDF, whereas 3223 treatments had 33.7% starch and 38.6% NDF. The LO treatments averaged 3.1 percentage units greater in NDF and 3.45 percentage units less in starch content than the HI treatments. Intake of DM was greater for heifers fed 3335-HI than 3335-LO; however, DMI was greater by heifers fed 3223-LO than 3223-HI (hybrid x cutting height interaction, P < 0.05). Starch intake was greater (P < 0.05) and NDF intake was less (P < 0.05) by heifers fed HI vs. LO and fed 3335 vs. 3223 dietary treatments. Digestibility of DM, starch, and NDF was greater (P < 0.05) by heifers fed 3223 than 3335 dietary treatments, but digestibility differences were not observed (P > 0.10) between cutting heights. Rate of in situ DM and starch degradability was not affected (P > 0.10) by hybrid or cutting height; however DM degradability was greater (P < 0.05) for HI than LO corn silage substrates at 8, 16, and 24 h of incubation. Rate of NDF degradability tended (P = 0.08) to be greater for 3223 than for 3335, and for LO compared with HI corn silage. Degradability of NDF was greater (P < 0.05) for 3223 compared with 3335 substrates at 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. These data suggest fiber may not be an accurate measure of corn silage quality. Whereas cutting height affected chemical composition, we observed genetics to have a greater effect on corn silage quality. 相似文献
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Effect of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing of corn silage on intake and digestibility by beef cattle 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Andrae JG Hunt CW Pritchard GT Kennington LR Harrison JH Kezar W Mahanna W 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(9):2268-2275
A study involving a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate effects of hybrid (Pioneer 3335 and 3489), maturity (half milkline and blacklayer), and mechanical processing (field chopper with and without on-board rollers engaged) on intake and digestibility of corn silage. Forty Angus steers (322 +/- 5.2 kg BW) were assigned to the eight silage treatments (five steers per treatment) and individually fed using electronic gates. Diets consisted of 60% corn silage and 40% chopped alfalfa hay (DM basis). Following a 5-d adaptation period, intake was measured for 7 d and subsequently fecal samples were collected for 5 d. Chromic oxide (5 g/d) was fed beginning 7 d before fecal sample collection and digestibility was determined by the ratio of Cr in the feed and feces. Steers were reallocated to treatments and these procedures were repeated, providing 10 observations per treatment. In addition, all silages were ruminally incubated in six mature cows for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 96 h to determine extent and rate of DM, starch, NDF, and ADF disappearance. Processing increased DMI of hybrid 3489 but did not affect DMI of hybrid 3335 (hybrid x processing; P < 0.06). Total tract digestibility of DM, starch, NDF, and ADF decreased (P < 0.01) as plant maturity increased. Maturity tended to decrease starch digestibility more for hybrid 3489 than for hybrid 3335 (hybrid x maturity; P < 0.10). Processing increased (P < 0.01) starch digestibility but decreased (P < 0.01) NDF and ADF digestibility, resulting in no processing effect on DM digestibility. There was a numerical trend for processing to increase starch digestibility more for latethan for early-maturity corn silage (maturity x processing; P = 0.11). Processing increased in situ rates of DM and starch disappearance and maturity decreased in situ disappearance rates of starch and fiber. These data indicate that hybrid, maturity, and processing all affect corn silage digestibility. Mechanical processing of corn silage increased starch digestibility, which may have been associated with the observed decreased fiber digestibility. 相似文献
19.
Effect of dietary level of barley-based supplements and ruminal buffer on digestion and growth by beef cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Six ruminally cannulated beef steers were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square experiment with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of barley supplementation (BS; 10, 30 or 50% of diet DM) and ruminal buffer (RB; Na sesquicarbonate at 0 or 4% of BS DM) addition to bromegrass hay-based diets on digestion. When early- (boot) and late- (full maturity) havested bromegrass and wheat straw substrates were incubated in situ, no interactions (P greater than .10) involving substrate with dietary BS or RB were observed, indicating that forages differing in fermentability responded similarly to different ruminal environments. Averaged across substrates, RB had no effect with 10% BS and a positive effect with 30% BS, but a negative effect with 50% BS diets (BS x RB, quadratic; P less than .05) for in situ DM and NDF disappearance for 18 and 24 h of incubation and for rate of disappearance of potentially degraded DM and NDF. Intakes of DM and digested DM were greater (P less than .01) for RB diets; however, RB had no effect (P greater than .10) on total tract DM and NDF digestibility. Intake and digestibility of DM increased linearly (P less than .01), whereas NDF digestibility decreased linearly (P less than .01) as BS percentage was increased in the diet. Sixty beef steers (avg initial wt 302 kg) were fed the same dietary treatments in a growth experiment. A numerical improvement in DM intake (P = .20) and ADG (P = .06) was observed when RB was provided with the 50% BS diet. Results of these experiments indicate that RB may moderate negative effects occurring on ruminal fiber digestion when grains are used to supplement forage-based diets; however, improvements in ruminal digestion were not translated effectively to improved animal productivity. 相似文献
20.
Grass silages (n = 136) were selected from commercial farms across Northern Ireland according to their pH, ammonia nitrogen, DM, and predicted ME concentration. Each silage was offered to four sheep as a sole feed at maintenance feeding level to determine nutrient digestibility and urinary energy output. Dry matter concentration was determined as alcohol-corrected toluene DM and was subsequently used as the basis for all nutrient concentrations. The objectives were to use these data to examine relationships between nutritive value and nutrient concentration or fermentation characteristics in silages and then develop prediction equations for silage nutritive values using stepwise multiple regression techniques. The silages had a large range in quality (DM = 15.5 to 41.3%, ME = 7.7 to 12.9 MJ/kg of DM, pH = 3.5 to 5.5) and a relatively even distribution over the range. There was a positive relationship (P < 0.001) between silage GE and DE or ME concentration. Digestible OM in total DM (DOMD); ME/GE; and digestibility of DM, OM, and GE were positively related (P < 0.05) to CP, soluble CP, ether extract, lactic acid concentration, and lactic acid/ total VFA, whereas they were negatively related (P < 0.05) to ADF, NDF, lignin, individual VFA concentration, pH, and ammonia N/total N. Concentrations of DE and ME and digestibility of CP and NDF had similar relationships with those variables, although some relationships were not significant. Three sets of multiple prediction equations for DE and ME concentration; ME/ GE; DOMD; and digestibility of DM, OM, GE, CP, and NDF were therefore developed using three sets of predictors. The first set included GE, CP, soluble N/total N, DM, ash, NDF, lignin, lactic acid/total VFA, and ammonia N/total N; the second set excluded soluble N/ total N and lignin because they are not typically measured; the third set further excluded the fermentation data. The R2 values generally decreased with exclusion of predictors. The second and third sets of equations, except for NDF digestibility, were validated using the mean-square-prediction-error model and an independent grass silage data set published since 1977 (n = 17 [DM digestibility] to 28 [DOMD and OM digestibility]). The validation indicated that the equations developed in the present experiment could accurately predict DE and ME concentrations and DE/GE and ME/GE in grass silages. 相似文献