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氮离子束与γ射线辐照日本晴和“9311”水稻突变体库的筛选 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用氮离子束和γ射线辐照处理粳稻日本晴和籼稻"9311",经过M1代损伤鉴定、M2代筛选和M3代重复鉴定,分别得到了740份和666份日本晴突变体,571份和781份"9311"突变体。获得的突变体发生了叶片、茎秆、穗部和籽粒、生理等性状的突变。在氮离子束辐照处理中,日本晴和"9311"分别在5.0×1016N+/cm2和2.5×1016N+/cm2剂量辐照时获得高突变率,为6.44%和6.38%;γ射线辐照处理中,2种材料均在150Gy剂量辐照时获得高突变率,分别为5.68%和9.44%。在本试验中,各高突变率群体均为辐照当代损伤最低的群体。新构建的突变体库将为水稻功能基因组学研究提供较好的基础材料。 相似文献
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水稻长穗颈高秆突变体协青早eB1的遗传分析及其euil(t)定位 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过γ-射线辐射诱变水稻(Oryza sativa ssp.indica)协青早B获得的长穗颈高秆突变体协青早eB1，与起始品系协青早B相比，其株高和倒一、二、三节间长度都显著伸长。遗传分析表明，协青早eB1的长穗颈高秆特性由隐性单基因控制，且该基因与IR50eui的最上节间伸长基因(源自76：4512)等位。研究进一步以协青早eB1／矮脚南特的后代群体为定位群体，采用BSA(Bulk segregated analysis)方法，获得了与长穗颈高秆基因euil(t)分别相距18．4cM和7．9cM分子标记：RM164和AC9，并将euil(f)基因定位到第5染色体长臂中部。 相似文献
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水稻空间诱变的遗传变异及突变体的AFLP分子标记 总被引：4，自引：13，他引：4
搭载“神舟三号”航天飞船的水稻纯合种子在返回地面后SP3代种子出现颖壳、茎杆和叶片的主脉变异为金黄色的突变体,其他性状无明显变异,经遗传分析,颜色变异属一对隐性基因控制的性状变异。同时利用AFLP分子标记的方法,对航天诱变的水稻突变体进行基因组对比分析,通过聚丙烯酰胺电泳寻找突变体(黄金1号)多态性DNA片段,经过一系列引物筛选,找到了5条多态性DNA条带,对开展突变体基因功能研究和杂交水稻聚合育种有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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探索了 96孔全自动酶标仪 (SpectraMax 1 90 ,Sunnyvale,USA)在稻米表观直链淀粉含量(AAC)测定中的应用效果。实验以IR2 4、Iri371、Z41 3、KMD1、秀水 1 1共 5个品种为材料 ,以农业部部颁标准为参照 ,样本处理后不作定容稀释而直接在 96孔酶标板上进行显色 ,测定OD值 ,根据标样获得的回归等式计算待测样本的AAC。结果表明 ,酶标法与国标法测得的精度无显著差异。利用这一体系 ,对 1 5 0 0余份协青早B的M3 (收自M2 单株 )种子进行了AAC突变体筛选及后代跟踪研究 ,获得了 1份中等AAC( 1 6%左右 )突变体ZXY1 6。该方法操作简便易行 ,据此可建立高通量稻米AAC测定体系 相似文献
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玉米低植酸突变体的营养品质分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对比研究了8个玉米低植酸(Low phytic acid,lpa)突变体及其相应野生型(Wild Type,WT)的主要营养品质及其营养组分,结果显示:与野生型相比,各突变体总磷含量基本不变,无机磷含量均成倍增加,总淀粉含量显著下降,直链淀粉和粗脂肪含量变化不显著,粗蛋白含量在部分突变体中显著上升;多数氨基酸含量在突变体中有所提高,赖氨酸含量除Q319-lpa和X178-lpa下降外均不同程度上升;铁、锰、铜、锌、硒等微量元素含量变化不显著。研究表明lpa突变对玉米营养品质的改良和生物学效价的提高具有有益的作用。 相似文献
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转基因及常规水稻幼苗对潮霉素敏感性的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
研究了转基因及常规水稻幼苗叶面喷施潮霉素B溶液后的反应。结果发现,常规水稻吸收潮霉素B后,叶片会出现以褐斑为特征的中毒症状。在50～100mgL浓度范围内,褐斑的数目和面积随时间和浓度的增加而增加,溶液中滴加DMSO可提高潮霉素对稻苗的毒性。浓度在75mgL及以上时,喷后第7天,处理的所有幼苗都出现症状。而浓度在50mgL时,个别幼苗经处理后未出现中毒症状。在上述浓度范围内,带潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因(hpt)的Bt转基因水稻(克螟稻)幼苗均未出现中毒症状。苗期鉴定与抽穗前后成株期鉴定的结果相一致。讨论了叶面喷施潮霉素B溶液在转基因水稻育种和筛选潮霉素敏感转基因水稻突变体中的可能应用。 相似文献
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温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素生物合成的影响 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
本文研究了温度对水稻突变体W1叶色及叶绿素 (Chl)生物合成的影响。W1是温敏型叶色突变体 ,叶色转变的临界温度约为 2 3℃。在高温下 ,突变体W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量与对照无显著的差异 ,幼苗呈绿色 ;低温 (1 5～ 2 0℃ )下W1的Chl和类胡萝卜素 (Caro)含量明显较低 ,表现白化。突变体W1白化苗中的Chla和Chlb含量同时下降 ,Caro Chl的比值增大 ,说明该突变体属于不是由Caro降低而导致的总叶绿素缺陷型。白化苗中Chl生物合成的中间产物原叶绿素 (酸 ) (Pchl)、镁原卟啉 (Mg proto)、原卟啉IX(ProtoIX)含量减少 ,而δ 氨基酮戊酸 (ALA)和胆色素原(PBG)大量积累 ,证明突变体W1低温下Chl生物合成卟啉原形成部位受阻 相似文献
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水稻胚乳突变体的诱发及其微卫星分子标记鉴定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
用 3 50Gy6 0 Coγ射线辐照高表观直链淀粉含量 (apparentamylosecontent,AAC)早籼稻新品种金早 97 47,筛选鉴定出 4个暗胚乳突变体和 2个云雾状胚乳突变体。AAC测定表明 ,暗胚乳和云雾状胚乳突变的AAC明显比原亲本低。以Wxup2 485为引物 ,发现两类胚乳突变的Wx基因微卫星分子标记相同 ,与原亲本显著不同 ,前者为 (CT) 1 8 (CT) 1 8,后者为 (CT) 1 1 (CT) 1 1。 相似文献
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选取华南地区广泛种植的杂交水稻品种“培杂泰丰”,利用外源添加砷（50 mg·kg-1）的土壤盆栽试验,研究不同施用量的磷硅肥对水稻生长特性和砷积累的影响。结果表明,施用磷硅肥的处理,水稻糙米中砷含量为0.504~0.586 mg·kg-1,低于农业部颁布的粮食中砷限量标准（NY 861—2004）中大米砷限值。相关性分析表明,水稻糙米砷含量与水稻植株的生物量、稻谷千粒重和秸秆中硅/砷摩尔比呈显著负相关,与秸秆中磷/砷摩尔比呈极显著负相关;糙米的砷含量随磷、硅肥的施加而降低。综合分析表明,在华南地区同类中度砷污染土壤中可有效控制砷向水稻籽粒运输累积的磷、硅肥最优施加量及配比为40 mg P·kg-1土、50 mg Si·kg-1土。 相似文献
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本研究以磷高效转基因水稻OsPT4为材料,以非转基因亲本日本晴(Nipp)和磷高效突变体水稻PHO2为对照,设施磷和不施磷2个处理,利用根盒试验研究磷高效转基因水稻OsPT4的种植对根际及非根际土壤无机磷组成的影响。结果表明:(1)Os PT4和PHO2的植株干重和磷含量均显著高于Nipp,而土壤全磷和无机磷总量均低于Nipp;(2)Os PT4和PHO2水稻根际和非根际土壤无机磷组分含量均表现为O-PFe-PAl-PCa-P;(3)施磷处理时,Os PT4和PHO2的根际土壤O-P、Ca-P含量显著低于Nipp,其非根际土壤Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量也显著低于Nipp。不施磷处理时,Os PT4和PHO2的根际土壤Fe-P含量和非根际土壤Fe-P、O-P含量均显著低于Nipp,其根际土壤Ca-P含量显著高于Nipp。说明在供磷条件下,磷高效转基因水稻对A1-P、O-P和Ca-P的吸收活化能力较强,而缺磷条件下,磷高效转基因水稻可促进其根系对Fe-P的吸收利用。 相似文献
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灌溉方式和有机无机氮比例对水稻产量与水分利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过盆栽试验,研究了3种有机无机氮比例,即60%无机氮+40%有机氮（F1）、80%无机氮+20%有机氮（F2）、100%无机氮（F3）,和3种灌溉方式,即常规灌溉(FIR)、控制灌溉（CIR）和间歇灌溉(IIR),对水稻生长、产量构成、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明,与FIR处理相比,CIR和IIR处理水稻全生育期灌水量分别下降31.3%和15.9%,但是理论产量平均分别降低31.9%和15.9%,因此水分利用效率（WUE）提高不明显。与F3相比,F1和F2的理论产量平均增加20.1%和14.2%,FIR条件下WUE分别提高37.3%和25.5%。通径分析表明,在不同灌溉方式与有机无机氮比例条件下,有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重仍是影响水稻产量的主要因素。主成分分析表明,在间歇灌溉条件下,在总施氮量不变时,配施40%有机氮肥可降低水稻灌水量,并适当提高水稻产量。 相似文献
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秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
利用布置在沿淮地区的两处田间试验,通过设计单施化肥(F)、单施化肥基础上加施秸秆(SF)、单施化肥基础上加施秸秆和腐秆剂(SFD)、单施化肥基础上减施20%磷钾肥(按P2O5和K2O计)后加施秸秆和腐秆剂(SF4/5D)和不施肥对照(CK)5个处理,研究秸秆促腐还田对沿淮中低产田土壤养分和小麦产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理小麦产量规律在水稻土上为SFD>SF>F>SF4/5D>CK,其中SFD较F有显著差异(P<0.05),在砂姜黑土上为SF>F>SFD>SF4/5D>CK,其中SF与F相比有显著差异(P<0.05);不同处理土壤全氮和碱解氮含量在水稻土上以SFD处理最高,在砂姜黑土上以SF处理最高,处理间无显著差异;不同处理土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和缓效钾含量在水稻土上以SFD最高,与F相比差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),在砂姜黑土上以SF最高,处理间无显著差异;两种土壤上处理SF4/5D与处理F相比,小麦产量和土壤养分元素含量均无显著差异(P<0.05)。从而得出以下结论:在腐秆剂品种选择恰当的条件下,秸秆与化肥配施并添加腐秆剂的秸秆促腐还田方式可以有效提高土壤肥力和作物当季产量,即使在单施化肥基础上减施20%磷钾肥(按P2O5和K2O计),也不会影响该处理的培肥和增产效果。 相似文献
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A multiwell plate bioassay was developed using genetically modified bacteria (bioreporter cells) to detect inorganic arsenic extracted from rice. The bacterial cells expressed luciferase upon exposure to arsenite, the activity of which was detected by measurement of cellular bioluminescence. The bioreporter cells detected arsenic in all rice varieties tested, with averages of 0.02-0.15 microg of arsenite equivalent per gram of dry weight and a method detection limit of 6 ng of arsenite per gram of dry rice. This amounted to between approximately 20 and 90% of the total As content reported by chemical methods for the same sample and suggested that a major proportion of arsenic in rice is in the inorganic form. Calibrations of the bioassay with pure inorganic and organic arsenic forms showed that the bacterial cells react to arsenite with highest affinity, followed by arsenate (with 25% response relative to an equivalent arsenite concentration) and trimethylarsine oxide (at 10% relative response). A method for biocompatible arsenic extraction was elaborated, which most optimally consisted of (i) grinding rice to powder, (ii) mixing with an aqueous solution containing pancreatic enzymes, (iii) mechanical shearing, (iv) extraction in mild acid conditions and moderate heat, and (v) centrifugation and pH neutralization. Detection of mainly inorganic arsenic by the bacterial cells may have important advantages for toxicity assessment of rice consumption and would form a good complement to total chemical arsenic determination. 相似文献
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为了消减冷浸型中低产田长期浸渍、泥温低、土壤有效养分低等障碍因子,通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,研究了不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与复合肥处理比较,复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高11%和17%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铝盐含量提高44%,且磷酸铝盐、磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高1.9个百分点,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低4.6个百分点,土壤活性有机质含量提高14%,土壤阳离子交换量提高11%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤真菌和放线菌数量分别提高33%和28%,复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高160%和19%,水稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高5%和111%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加8%和42%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加6%和31%。有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田水稻增产的施肥方式。 相似文献
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水稻秸秆还田对土壤溶液养分与酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
水稻秸秆还田对于增加土壤有机质,减少碳排放具有重要意义。试验针对寒地水稻,在连续三年水稻秸秆还田条件下,研究了秸秆还田对土壤溶液中氮、磷、钾含量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:水稻生育期间,秸秆还田与不还田处理土壤溶液中无机氮含量均呈现降低升高再降低的变化动态;土壤溶液中磷、钾含量呈逐渐降低的变化趋势;秸秆还田使水稻分蘖期土壤溶液中无机氮含量和整个生育期间土壤溶液中磷含量降低,增加了钾的含量。秸秆还田处理降低了土壤脲酶的活性,提高了蔗糖酶活性,对酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶无明显影响。 相似文献
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Phytic acid (myo‐inositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexakisphosphate) is the most abundant form of phosphorus (P) in cereal grains and is important to grain nutritional quality. In mature rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains, the bulk of phytic acid P is found in the germ and aleurone layer, deposited primarily as a mixed K/Mg salt. Phosphorus components and minerals were measured in whole grain produced by either the rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Kaybonnet (the nonmutant control) or the low phytic acid 1‐1 (lpa1‐1) mutant, and in these grains when milled to different degrees (10, 12, 17, 20, 22, and 25%, w/w). Phytic acid P is reduced by 42–45% in lpa1‐1 whole grain as compared with Kaybonnet, but these whole grains had similar levels of total P, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn. In both genotypes, the concentration of phytic acid P, total P, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, and Mn in the milled products was reduced by 60–90%, as compared with whole grain. However, a trend was observed for higher (25–40%) total P, K, and Mg concentrations in lpa1‐1 milled products as compared with Kaybonnet milled products. The reduction in whole grain phytic acid P in rice lpa1‐1 is accompanied by a 5‐ to 10‐fold increase in grain inorganic P, and this increase was observed in both whole grain and milled products. Phytic acid P was also reduced by 45% in bran obtained from lpa1‐1 grain, and this was accompanied by a 10‐fold increase in inorganic P. Milling had no apparent effect on Zn concentration. Therefore, while the block in the accumulation of phytic acid in lpa1‐1 seed has little effect on whole grain total P and mineral concentration, it greatly alters the chemistry of these seed constituents, and to a lesser but detectable extent, alters their distribution between germ, central endosperm, and aleurone. These studies suggest that development of a low phytate rice might improve the nutritional quality of whole grain, milled rice and the bran produced during milling. 相似文献
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Phosphorus availability and rice grain yield in a paddy soil in response to long-term fertilization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, and its production is limited by soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies in many parts of the world. Impacts of long-term fertilization regimes on rice productivity and soil P availability is largely unknown. A long-term (26-year) field experiment in a paddy soil of southeastern China was carried out to study the response of rice grain yield and soil P pools to different fertilization regimes including control without fertilization (CK), nitrogen, P, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer (NPK), NPK fertilizer plus cattle manure (NPKM), and NPK fertilizer plus rice straw (NPKS). Application of fertilizers (NPK, NPKM, and NPKS) increased rice grain yield compared with the CK treatment (on average, by 75%, 97%, and 92%, respectively). Soil P was predominately present in the organic form (51–75% of total P) across different treatments. Most soil inorganic P fractions decreased with time due to continuous depletion by rice plants in the nonfertilized treatment (CK), while they generally increased with time in the fertilizer treatments (NPK, NPKM, and NPKS) due to continued supply of P to soil. On the other hand, soil organic P fractions increased continuously with time regardless of treatment, probably due to the retention of stubble and biological immobilization of inorganic P. Positive relationships between the rice grain yield and most inorganic P fractions in the CK treatment indicated the P limitation for rice production due to no P inputs and long-term conversion of inorganic P into organic P. 相似文献