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In this paper, in the light of the percolating flow mechanics problems in the field of environmental science research , the transport mechanism and law of the volatile organic pollutants in the soils and the transport model and law of the underground water multi-component reacting solute are discussed, and the gas transport and the second pollution problems in the solid waste landfill are analyzed~ Based on the research given above, the transport process and two aspects of the control mechanisms uncertainty for the volatile organic matter and the necessity to establish the coupling model of multi-component water chemistry model and waterdynamic transport model are pointed out. The result is of great theoretical importance and practical significance to the further understanding of the overlapping research problems in environmental science and percolating flow mechanics. 相似文献
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《Soil Technology》1997,10(2):133-153
Soil and groundwater resources in many parts of the world are threatened by spilled petroleum products. These products generally consist of complex mixtures of volatile hydrocarbons with different vapor pressures. The volatilization of light hydrocarbon fractions leads to changes in viscosity and density of the residual nonaqueous liquid. This may cause changes in the transport characteristics of the porous matrix and of the residual liquid. Differing volatilization and solubility characteristics result in differential distribution of released hydrocarbon components in air, soil, and water environmental compartments. Soil frequently serves as the site of petroleum spills and hence the capacity of the soil to filter, retain, or release hydrocarbons is fundamental in determining the type and extent of environmental contamination. Retention, volatilization, and transport of hydrocarbons as affected by soil physical and chemical properties is reviewed. 相似文献
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为探究尿素深施入土壤后氮素在土-水系统中的迁移转化途径,采用自制装置模拟水田并测定土壤及表层水中氮素浓度及相关指标的变化,以此对氮素的迁移途径进行研究。结果表明：尿素深施方式下,氮素在表层水中发生的反应以氨挥发和硝化反应为主,在土壤中主要进行反硝化反应;尿素深施入土壤15天后系统中氮素损失量占总施肥量的14.86%,其损失来源于氨挥发和生物反硝化作用,分别约占总损失量的68.95%和31.05%。尿素深施方式下水田中氮素迁移转化过程十分复杂,通过分析土-水系统中存在的反应和氮素迁移转化途径可为合理施肥及控制农田面源污染提供技术参考。 相似文献
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The importance of indoor air quality and the effect of volatile organic compounds(VOC) on human health are discussed in this paper,TVOC as a measurement for evaluation of VOC and the VOC pollution control methods and technology for indoor air are also presented. 相似文献
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土荆芥挥发油化感胁迫对蚕豆根尖SOD和POD同工酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在了解土荆芥挥发油对受体植物抗氧化酶系统的影响,为阐明土荆芥的化感作用机制提供理论依据。通过模拟淋溶和挥发2条途径,分别以不同剂量挥发油处理受体植物蚕豆幼根,电泳后比较根尖超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱的变化。结果表明：在淋溶途径中,细胞内SOD活性明显受该挥发油抑制,处理48 h后POD同工酶谱有POD7特征性强带出现;在挥发途径中,该挥发油对SOD同工酶的活性则表现为促进效应,处理浓度较高或时间较长(24 h,20 μL;48 h,15~20 μL;72 h,10~20 μL)时,POD同工酶谱有POD6特征性强带的表达。此外,SOD同工酶谱带变化主要为酶带的强度改变,POD同工酶谱带变化主要为酶带的数量增减。由此推测土荆芥挥发油可影响蚕豆根尖细胞SOD和POD同工酶基因的表达,其中POD同工酶基因的响应可能比SOD更为敏感。 相似文献
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According to the volatile combustion, the mathematical and physical models on the volatilization combustion of coal field fire area are established. The governing equations are analyzed by analytic method. The parameters such as volatilization combustion speed, the content of volatile component and the flame temperature are obtained at relatively high temperature environment. According to the solutions, the flame temperature of the volatilization combustion is calculated by the heat insulation temperature in the light of the low-heat value of the volatile component. Due to the free or forced convection in the actual fire area, the true temperature would be lower than the calculation. Through experiment, heating process takes the greatest impact on the heating surface but least on inner parts. The temperature is increased and the heating surface temperature will exceed the temperature and continue increasing, which indicates that the coal begins oxidation. While the airflow is increased, the temperature will be slightly increased. The temperature is descent more slightly in the coal temperature because of thermal radiation. 相似文献
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An integrated water pollution management system for the Three Gorges Reservior Area (TGRA) titled as WPMIS_ER_TGRA was developed as an information based techenical tool for emergency response on water pollutant accident.ArcGIS Engine, a Geographic Information System (GIS) Module Warehouse, was used as programme developing platform, and Visual Basic (VB) as programming language.The mathematical models for hydraulic and water quality simulation were developed and integrated in the system and programmed as a DLL file via VB.WPMIS_ER_TGRA owns a new function of emergency lightening at watershed scale as well as the normal water environmental information management functions.The system was applied for emergency water pollution management by a dummy ship capsizal in Yangtze River.It was found that WPMIS_ER_TGRA could model the transfer and diffusion of the accident pollutants in rivers, quickly forecast the pollution situation and identify the influencing area and their changing with time in a few minutes just after the accident happened. 相似文献
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北京农业可持续发展指标体系研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文分析了制约北京农业可持续发展的主要因素,围绕农业可持续发展目标建立了北京市农业可持续发展指标体系,包括4个一级指标、20个二级指标;运用综合评价法对1980-2009年北京农业可持续发展状态进行了评价;显示近20年来北京农业的可持续发展能力不断提升。 相似文献
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研究旨在对2016年12月7—12日湖南中东部地区出现的一次持续性污染天气过程进行分析,以得到本过程的空气污染物来源及造成本次污染过程的原因。[方法]本文利用环保部门国控空气质量监测资料、常规气象资料、NCEP再分析资料、MODIS卫星遥感资料进行诊断分析,同时使用HYSPLIT-4后向轨迹模式对污染来源进行了聚类分析模拟。[结果]结果表明,连续晴好天气背景下长江中游区域生物质燃烧所造成的烟尘颗粒物排放,以及不利于污染物扩散清除的气象条件是本次持续性污染天气过程的主要原因,另外,湖南特殊的地形条件也是造成本次持续性污染天气过程的一个重要因素。[结论]该诊断分析结果得出了湖南此次复杂的大气污染过程的成因,并分析出了大气污染物的来源。 相似文献
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The three dimensional numerical solution for differential equation of motion of sparse solid particles in flow fields is derived. Taking free sedimentation of solid particles as an example, using dimensionless differential equation, the movement rule of solid particles in water and air is numerically analyzed. The contribution of Basset force on solid particles in different density flow fields is paid much attention to. The results show that the Basset force and drag force are in the same magnitude when solid particles move in water; the effect of Basset force can be neglected when solid particles move in the air; and the Basset force should be considered when river water source heat pump and the flow of silt particles are studied. 相似文献
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Energy consumption of water intake is one of the key factors for energy saving in the application of the open loop surface water heat pump system. An energy efficiency ratio coupling model for open loop surface water source heat pump systems was established on the basis of the energy consumption model for the water intake and the heat pump units. According to energy saving rate and regulation of energy consumption of water intake, dynamic temperature limits of water intake in different water supply temperature of cooling tower and different pump head were proposed so as to find a calculation method of temperature limits of water intake of open loop surface water heat pumps. Moreover, the energy saving rate of surface water source heat pump systems compared with traditional air conditioning systems under various condition was also calculated. 相似文献
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The harm impact evaluation was studied for pollution accident happened in urban crude water system characterized of fetching crude water from reservoir through channel.The relevant direct and indirect factors to harm impact of crude water pollution accident were analyzed.Furthermore, the attribute reduction method in rough set theory was applied to eliminate the redundancy of indirect factors.Integrating the direct and indirect factors effects, an emergent evaluation model for the Harm Impact was established with the similarity analysis by vague sets theory.Taking crude water system in Chengdu as a case study, a designed nitrobenzene pollution accident was simulated in different working conditions.Moreover, the Harm Impact extent of the accident was calculated with the proposed model.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the proposed model is reasonable and valid in the emergent evaluation for the pollution accident happened in the urban crude water system. 相似文献
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Air pollution control has been incorporated into the performance appraisal system of local officials in China. It is necessary to explore the underlying reasons behind China's air pollution. In this study, we measure the effects of different types of official turnover (OT) on air quality using a sharp regression discontinuity model, and collect the appointment information of mayors and municipal party secretaries from 333 cities in China between December 2013 and January 2018. Results show: (a) OT leads to a significant increase in air pollution discharges and this result remains valid after a series of robustness checks; (b) the level of air pollution increases when newly appointed officials are from the local district; (c) officials promoted from other districts tend to break the existing political connections and do not aggravate local air pollution; (d) when officials come from the central government, they often do not take any actions to control air pollution; (e) from the perspective of heterogeneity, we find that frequency of turnover, ex-officials, and the age, place of birth, and region of the officials have a heterogeneous impact on the officials' behavior. These findings shed new light on the determinants of air quality and suggest that OT is important in controlling air pollution. 相似文献
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We developed an integral concentration and diffusion model based on the aerosol theory. We studied the representation method and actualization process for pollution substances under stable and unstable status using the integral concentration model. We studied modeling and computing processes based on reflecting and absorbing barriers using the diffusion model. The model we developed can improve understanding of the change and distribution rules of inner pollution particles in transition rooms. Moreover, it provides a reference for environmental quality control and evaluation, and trouble free operation of the laser experimental system. 相似文献
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中国开征化肥税的政策设想 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着中国社会主义市场经济的建立和税制改革的进一步深化,传统农业的发展模式受到考验,开始向都市农业转型,进而使农村面源污染问题不断升级;在农村面源的污染源中,化肥污染的态势得不到有效的抑制,已经形成了以水污染、土壤污染、空气污染为主的化肥面源污染域。化肥的污染治理逐渐引起了社会的广泛关注,在政府管理的过程中已经由传统的行政手段和微观管理为主的模式向宏观、间接手段为主,直接手段为辅的多元化模式转变。通过课征化肥税来保护环境,已成为保护农业环境尤其是面源环境的必然要求。研究面源环境治理,以相关理论基础为立脚点,从理论层面和实践层面分析了开征化肥税的必要性,根据化肥税设立的原则提出了化肥税的基本思想,并探讨了开征化肥税需要解决的关键性问题,促进各级政府有效发挥其职能,对所处的环境进行有效的管制,发展经济的同时保护环境。 相似文献
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Tests and study were carried out on indoor air bacteria pollution in dwelling house inChongqing city. Based on the data of measured bacteria concentration of the indoor air,the reasons for indoor air pollution were analyzed. Ith was found that the bacteria seriously polluted the indoor air. The main factors influencing the indoor air bacteria pollution are moisture, natural ventilation and lighting conditions. The construction forms and decoration of the dwelling house are the secondary reasons for indoor air bacteria pollution. Measures and suggestions of preventing the indoor air bacteria pollution and improving the indoor air quality and environmental quality were presented. 相似文献
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J. Ko&#;cielniak 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,171(2):73-81
Night chilling (5 °C) subsequently lowered photosynthetic intensity in the leaves of maize seedlings at 20 °C through an increase in leaf diffusive resistance brought on by lower tissue water content in morning hours. A more significant increase in leaf diffusion resistance was observed when soil temperature was lowered than in the case of lower air temperature.
The unfavorable effect of soil and air cooling temperature on photosynthesis was limited by air saturated with water vapour. However, as a result of lowering the night temperature from 5 °C to 1 °C, the efficiency of the protective influence of higher atmospheric humidity was decreased. This demonstrates that the participation of factors unrelated to plant water status in inhibiting photosynthesis increases with lower night temperatures.
An additional reason for inhibited photosynthesis following cool nights was a decrease in chlorophyll accumulation, below 50 μg per 1 cm2 of leaf area. 相似文献
The unfavorable effect of soil and air cooling temperature on photosynthesis was limited by air saturated with water vapour. However, as a result of lowering the night temperature from 5 °C to 1 °C, the efficiency of the protective influence of higher atmospheric humidity was decreased. This demonstrates that the participation of factors unrelated to plant water status in inhibiting photosynthesis increases with lower night temperatures.
An additional reason for inhibited photosynthesis following cool nights was a decrease in chlorophyll accumulation, below 50 μg per 1 cm
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为了认识水肥耦合对紫色土中小麦的影响特征及肥料减施效应,在四川盐亭县青峰村和四川盐亭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的石灰性紫色土上,于2018年10月至2020年5月,用小区和盆栽试验等方法,观测不同水肥耦合处理对小麦和土壤主要属性的影响。结果表明,水肥耦合对小麦生长和籽粒产量有明显的促进效应,浇水到田间持水量的80%左右时,其促进效应最大;肥料用量减少10%～20%,不会造成小麦的明显减产;水肥耦合主要提高了土壤养分有效性和土壤酶的活性,因而有明显的促进效应。水肥耦合是紫色土区减肥增效的一种有效措施,从而能有效防治区域的面源污染。 相似文献