共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
为阐明花鲈鳃与鳔器官的发生机制,实验采用连续组织切片技术接合形态学观察对出膜后1～45 d花鲈胚后发育的鳃与鳔器官的发生、发育过程进行了系统的观察与研究。结果显示,花鲈仔稚鱼鳃的胚后发育分为4个阶段,鳃原基出现期(0～3 d)、鳃丝分化期(4～14 d)、鳃小片分化期(15～25 d)与鳃器官完善期(26～45 d)。在水温15～18°C条件下,花鲈孵化后的第1天,鳃原基出现;孵化后的第15天,仔鱼假鳃上分化出鳃小片结构;孵化后的第25天,仔鱼各鳃弓上均分化出鳃小片结构;孵化后的第45天,稚鱼鳃结构发育完全,与成鱼相同。组织学观察结果显示,花鲈鳔器官的发育时期分为形成、扩张、充气和退化4个阶段。花鲈初孵仔鱼未出现鳔原基,在孵化1 d后,仔鱼出现鳔原基,5 d后仔鱼鳔开始扩张,11 d后仔鱼鳔充气完成,13 d后仔鱼鳔开始退化。 相似文献
2.
运用阿尔新蓝—茜素红分染染色法对尖吻鲈仔、稚鱼(1~20日龄)尾部骨骼发育进行研究。研究表明,在尖吻鲈仔鱼体长为(1.86±0.05)mm时眼睛发育完全、口张开、消化道形成,骨骼开始发育,脊柱出现弯曲,头部与躯干形成139°~149°的夹角;在体长(2.48±0.1)mm时,第一片尾下骨出现;体长(2.58±0.1)mm时,第二片尾下骨和第三片尾下骨同时出现;体长(2.85±0.1)mm时第四片尾下骨、第五片尾下骨和尾下骨旁骨同时出现;体长(3.28±0.1)mm时尾杆骨的上翘逐渐明显,尾下骨变宽,尾杆骨尚未缩短;体长(5.11±0.2)mm时,尾杆骨缩短,尾部骨骼变形完成;体长(10.11±0.5)mm时,胸鳍发育完成,鱼体骨骼发育趋于成熟,变态发育完成。 相似文献
3.
美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
为探索不同生物饵料强化剂对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)骨骼发育基因表达的影响,于卵形鲳鲹受精卵孵化后第3天至第17天,分别投喂经S.presso强化处理(S.presso组)、经海水拟微球藻强化处理(海水拟微球藻组)和未经强化处理(对照组)的生物饵料(轮虫和卤虫无节幼体),采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测了各组试验鱼sox 8、sox 9、bmp 2和bmp 4等基因的表达情况。结果表明,S.presso组和海水拟微球藻组试验鱼sox 8基因的表达显著增强(P0.05);S.presso组sox 9基因的相对表达量显著高于海水拟微球藻组(P0.05);2种强化剂对bmp 2基因的表达均无显著增强效果(P0.05);采用S.presso强化能够显著增强bmp 4基因的表达(P0.05),但采用海水拟微球藻强化则效果相反。试验表明,采用S.presso和海水拟微球藻强化对卵形鲳鲹仔、稚鱼骨骼发育基因的表达具有明显的增强作用。 相似文献
5.
卵形鲳鲹消化酶活力的研究Ⅵ 饥饿对幼鱼存活和消化酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究了饥饿对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)消化器官中主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)活力的影响。在水温25±0.5℃、盐度20±1条件下,对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼进行短期饥饿处理(0 d、3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d),并分别测定卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的比内脏重与蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶3种消化酶的活力。结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的比内脏重不断下降,饥饿第0～6天下降速度最快(P﹤0.01),6 d后下降不显著(P﹥0.05);蛋白酶活力表现为饥饿第0～6天不断上升,第9天下降,第12天又显著升高(P﹤0.01),并且饥饿后的蛋白酶活力始终高于对照组(P﹤0.01);淀粉酶活力不断下降,并在第3天下降最显著(P﹤0.01);脂肪酶活力在饥饿前9 d总体上下降,第12天活力明显上升并高于对照组(P﹤0.01)。饥饿第8天开始出现幼鱼死亡,至第12天幼鱼的存活率为64.67%,表明第8天是卵形鲳鲹幼鱼饥饿致死的临界期。 相似文献
6.
卵形鲳鲹仔稚鱼异速生长的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以传统的理论生物学研究方法,对孵化后卵形鲳鲹1~36日龄仔、稚鱼各器官测量和分析,研究其在早期环境适应上的异速生长及其生态学含义,以期为卵形鲳鲹的人工繁殖、育苗提供参考。试验结果表明,卵形鲳鲹仔、稚鱼的感觉、呼吸、摄食和游泳等器官快速分化,均存在异速生长现象。在头部器官中,吻长、口宽、眼径和头高在仔鱼期均为正异速生长,稚鱼期头高为等速生长,吻长、眼径和口宽为负异速生长。在身体各部位中,仔鱼期头长、体高和尾长为正异速生长,躯干长为负异速生长;稚鱼期各部分皆为等速生长;在游泳器官中,仔鱼期卵形鲳鲹胸鳍长、尾鳍高和臀鳍长为正异速生长,尾鳍长为等速生长,背鳍长为负异速生长;稚鱼期背鳍长和臀鳍长为正异速生长,胸鳍长、尾鳍长和尾鳍高为等速生长。卵形鲳鲹这些关键部位的快速发育,使外源性营养开始后以最小的代谢损耗获得了生存能力的显著提升,对适应复杂的生存压力具有重要的生态学意义。 相似文献
7.
《水产科学》2021,(4)
采用软骨—硬骨双染色技术于体视镜下观察金钱鱼1～45日龄仔稚鱼脊柱、腹鳍、臀鳍等附肢骨骼的早期发育。结果显示,1～8日龄金钱鱼仔鱼脊索为无分节的圆锥体,11日龄髓弓和脉弓的出现标志着脊柱发育开始,28日龄出现分节的硬骨环,38日龄脊柱形成22～24节椎骨。所有附肢支鳍骨发育的顺序为胸鳍、腹鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍和背鳍。胸鳍在5日龄时形成胸鳍支鳍骨,38日龄上匙骨和肩带骨化;腹鳍在5日龄时出现腹鳍支鳍骨,33日龄时腹鳍支鳍骨原基硬骨化完成;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在11日龄,15日龄脊索末端向上弯曲,41日龄尾鳍骨化完成;臀鳍在13日龄时排泄孔与尾下骨之间出现6根软骨质的支鳍骨,22日龄时臀鳍前4根锐化臀刺,38日龄时臀鳍开始骨化;背鳍在13日龄时形成9枚软骨质的支鳍骨,21日龄背鳍前10～11根鳍条锐化成背棘,33日龄背鳍支鳍骨和鳍条相继开始硬骨骨化。在温度25.5～29.1℃,盐度由25逐渐降至1.7的养殖条件下,15日龄金钱鱼尾索上翘,主动捕食和运动能力增强,由仔鱼期转入稚鱼期;20日龄时开始出现栉鳞,可以逐渐盐度淡化;鱼棘出现后,苗种生产过程中应注意被刺伤。第1背棘为倒棘、臀棘的数量和栉鳞的出现是金钱鱼科在鲈形目分类划分的显著判断标志。金钱鱼仔稚鱼骨骼发育研究结果对其早期发育环境适应、生产操作和分类鉴定有重要作用。 相似文献
8.
为探明军曹鱼仔稚鱼早期脊柱及附肢骨骼的发育特征,本研究采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,分别利用阿利新兰、茜素红对软骨、硬骨以及1～33日龄军曹鱼仔稚鱼全骨骼进行染色,系统观察并描述其脊柱和附肢骨骼的发育特征。结果显示,军曹鱼脊柱开始发育的标志为7日龄仔鱼中脉弓和神经弓的出现;13日龄稚鱼椎骨、神经弓和脉弓开始骨化;背肋、腹肋分别于17、20日龄开始骨化;29日龄稚鱼脊柱骨化完成。附肢骨骼骨化起始顺序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、腹鳍、背鳍和臀鳍。胸鳍匙骨于4日龄出现,肩胛骨孔于12日龄出现,同时上匙骨开始骨化;乌喙骨与肩胛骨于20日龄开始骨化;第1尾下骨于5日龄出现,15日龄稚鱼尾杆骨、侧尾下骨和尾鳍鳍条开始骨化,18日龄稚鱼尾下骨开始骨化;腹鳍支鳍骨于17日龄延伸至匙骨,同时腹鳍开始骨化;臀鳍和背鳍于17日龄由前向后开始骨化。研究表明,军曹鱼在13日龄进入稚鱼期,早期发育阶段的骨骼发育特征与其功能性适应密切相关。本研究结果对研究军曹鱼早期骨骼发育与功能适应、优化养殖条件有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
本研究基于 2014 年 6–7 月在杭州湾北部水域用大型仔稚鱼网(口径 1.3 m、网目 0.5 mm)进行表层拖网所采集的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys luncidus)仔稚鱼样本, 采用软骨-硬骨双染色技术, 探讨了棘头梅童鱼仔稚鱼(体长范围为 3.3~12.7 mm)脊柱及附肢骨骼的早期发育和骨化特征。研究结果表明: 脊柱骨化之前不分节, 而是由前向后逐渐长出的多个骨环把脊柱分节, 硬骨化出现的顺序大体上为由前向后。髓弓在脊柱骨化之前完全形成, 相对于一些低等鱼类髓弓等的生成方向是从中间向头尾和从后向前进行, 棘头梅童鱼的髓弓由前向后生长, 属于相对高等鱼类的生长类型。胸鳍支鳍骨是最先发育的附肢骨骼, 为能够自由地游泳摄食和从内源性营养转变为外源性营养提供了保障。后颞骨的形状十分特殊, 具有四枚向不同方向突起的棘; 背鳍支鳍骨由体中部开始向前后生长, 尾鳍支鳍骨的骨化晚于其他附肢骨骼, 侧尾下骨与其相邻的两枚尾下骨的基部融合, 为其游泳提供了强劲的动力。该研究结果不仅可以为早期形态学分类提供骨骼发育学方面的科学依据, 对棘头梅童鱼人工繁殖过程中结合骨骼发育进行技术上的契合也具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
10.
为制定卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)投喂策略,文章研究了卵形鲳鲹昼夜摄食、耗氧规律和胃肠排空时间。摄食节律采用分段式连续投喂法(1昼夜,每隔2 h投料1次,连续3 d);耗氧节律采用流水呼吸法测定(1昼夜,24 h中每2 h测定1次);胃肠排空时间实验采用一次饱食投喂法(1昼夜,每隔2 h取样1次)。结果表明,卵形鲳鲹属于白天摄食类型,分别在10:00和14:00—16:00间出现2个摄食高峰(P0.05);耗氧高峰期分别在08:00和16:00出现(P0.05);饱食后,胃内含物比率下降迅速(P0.05),7 h下降约50%,第15小时出现极低值(P0.05),19 h后胃内含物为0。在摄食后3 h内全肠内含物比率迅速升高,第11小时达到最大值(P0.05),之后逐渐降低,在第21小时出现极低值(P0.05)。研究建议在卵形鲳鲹网箱养殖生产中,宜在光线较强、耗氧和摄食高峰的上午(09:00—10:00)和下午(14:00—16:00)时段进行投喂,投喂频率2～3次·d~(-1),投喂间隔7～9 h。 相似文献
11.
卵形鲳够免疫器官的早期发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）仔、稚鱼期间3种免疫器官的发生和发育过程。结果表明,3种免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺,出现时间分别为2日龄、3日龄和3日龄。其中,头肾的早期发育过程可分为原基形成期、造血功能发展期和泌尿功能退化期。进入稚鱼期后头肾的肾小管分布相对减少,表明头肾已不是主要的泌尿功能区。6-8日龄仔鱼脾脏中造血干细胞向红血细胞分化并产生大量未成熟红细胞。22日龄时脾脏组织体积进一步增大,内部血细胞参与血液循环。胸腺原基出现后胸腺细胞增多、体积增大,细胞嗜碱性不强。10-13日龄时胸腺细胞的嗜碱性增强,淋巴细胞开始增多,此时胸腺开始分区。20-22日龄稚鱼期结束时胸腺的内区和外区进一步分化,分区更为明显,表明胸腺进一步成熟。未发现胸腺和头肾之间淋巴细胞迁移的现象。 相似文献
12.
采用软骨―硬骨双染色技术,描述了鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)仔稚鱼(1～35日龄)头骨、脊柱、附肢骨骼的骨化发育特征。结果显示:(1)头骨前鳃盖骨于14日龄最先骨化, 15日龄上下颌骨骨化,且上下颌骨相对长度呈现连续变化过程。17日龄后,颌齿、关节骨、舌颌骨骨化;19日龄,隅骨、间鳃盖骨、鳃盖骨、鳃条骨、额骨骨化。20日龄后,方骨、下鳃盖骨、辅上颌骨等骨化; 35日龄,头骨骨化基本完成。(2)脊柱于15日龄由前向后骨化, 20日龄背肋与腹肋由基部向末端骨化, 29日龄骨化完成。脉弓与脉棘、髓弓与髓棘均由前向后、由基部向末端骨化,脉棘与髓棘骨化时间晚于相应的椎体。(3)附肢骨骼骨化顺序依次为胸鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍、尾鳍。胸鳍匙骨于16日龄骨化,乌喙骨与肩胛骨于25日龄骨化;背鳍、臀鳍分别于18日龄、20日龄骨化,骨化方式相似;腹鳍于23日龄骨化,骨化方式与胸鳍相反;尾杆骨、尾下骨于25日龄骨化,附肢骨骼于35日龄基本骨化完成。结果表明,鳜骨骼骨化发育与其早期运动、摄食与御敌等行为密切相关。 相似文献
13.
Osteological ontogeny and malformations in larval and juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Panlong Zheng Zhenhua Ma Huayang Guo Dianchang Zhang Mingjun Fu Nan Zhang Shigui Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1421-1431
The osteological ontogeny and the incidence of deformities occurred in vertebral column and caudal complex were studied from 1 day post hatch (DPH) to 31 DPH in Trachinotus ovatus. Results indicate that the development of both caudal complex and vertebral column initiated between 7 DPH and 9 DPH along with the calcification of haemal arches and neural arches, and occurrence of caudal elements. The last element of caudal complex, uroneural, appeared on 18 DPH. A high number of malformations in the vertebral column and caudal complex were detected in this study. More than 33% experimental fish exhibited at least one type of malformation. Results from this study provide the first reference on the osteological ontogeny and malformation of golden pompano. Such information can be applied to the quality control for fingerling production in golden pompano. 相似文献
14.
Osteological development and anomalies in larval stage of hatchery‐reared yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chao Huang Xiao‐Ying Tan Kun Wu Qi‐Liang Chen Mei‐Qin Zhuo Ya‐Xiong Pan Yu‐Feng Song 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1125-1140
Comprehensive knowledge of osteological development of fish not only provides means for understanding its functional development, but also allows early detection of skeletal anomalies. The present study was conducted to determine osteological development and occurrence of anomalies from the first to the 40th day after hatching (DAH) for yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, a commercially important species in China. Vertebral ontogeny started with formation of anterior neural arches at 3 DAH, and completed at 6 DAH. Vertebral centra started to develop at 4 DAH and ossification in all centra was visible at 15 DAH. Caudal fin appeared at 2 DAH and ossification was visible at 26 DAH. The onset of dorsal and anal fins appeared at 4 DAH and their ossifications were visible at 20 DAH. Pectoral fins were present before first feeding and formed entirely at 9 DAH, and their ossifications were visible at 21 DAH. Pelvic fins appeared at 9 DAH, and formed completely at 21 DAH. The ossification of pelvic fins was not finished until the end of the experiment (40 DAH). 24 types of skeletal anomalies were observed. About 20% of individuals showed at least one anomaly. Haemal vertebrae anomalies occurred at the highest frequency, followed by pre‐haemal, caudal vertebrae and anal fin anomalies, and caudal fin had the lowest anomalies frequency. For the first time, our study determined osteological development and anomalies incidence in larval yellow catfish, which help further investigations into rearing conditions leading to appearance of these anomalies to prevent their incidence. 相似文献
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Ignacio Fernndez Marta S. Pimentel Juan B. Ortiz-Delgado Francisco Hontoria Carmen Sarasquete Alicia Estvez Jose Luis Zambonino-Infante Enric Gisbert 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(3-4):250-265
The effects of different levels of vitamin A (VA) in Senegalese sole larval performance and development were evaluated by means of a dietary dose–response experiment using enriched Artemia metanauplii as a carrier of this micronutrient. Larvae were fed from 6 to 27 days post hatch (dph) with enriched Artemia containing graded levels of total VA (1.3, 2.1, 4.5 and 12.9 µg VA mg− 1 DW). The content of VA in live prey directly affected its accumulation in larvae and early juveniles. Retinyl palmitate accumulated during larval ontogeny, whereas retinol showed the opposite trend, decreasing from hatching until 41 dph and then remaining constant until the end of the study.In metamorphic larvae (10 and 15 dph), VA did not affect the number of thyroid follicles or the intensity of the immunoreactive staining of T3 and T4. However, at older stages of development (post-metamorphic larvae: 20, 30, 41 and 48 dph), VA decreased the number of thyroid follicles but increased their mean size and enhanced T3 and T4 immunoreactive staining. A dietary excess of VA did not affect either larval performance in terms of growth and survival or the maturation of the digestive system. However, the most remarkable impact of this morphogenetic nutrient was detected during skeletal morphogenesis. Dietary VA accelerated the intramembranous ossification of vertebral centrums, which led to the formation of a supranumerary haemal vertebra and a high incidence of fused and compressed vertebrae in fish fed 2.1, 4.5 and 12.9 mg VA mg− 1 DW. In addition, VA also affected those structures from vertebrae and caudal fin formed by chondral ossification, leading to defects in their shape and fusions with adjacent skeletal elements. In particular, the caudal fin was the region most affected by the dietary treatments. In order of importance, the bones with more developmental anomalies were the modified neural and haemal spines, epural, hypurals and parahypural. The impact of systemic factors such as thyroidal hormones in skeletogenesis should not be neglected since present results revealed that an excess of dietary VA affected the levels of T3 and T4, which might have affected bone formation and remodelling, leading to skeletal deformities. 相似文献
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采用硬骨-软骨双染色技术对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)早期发育阶段仔稚鱼全骨骼进行染色,研究其骨骼畸形发生的时间与部位及相应部位的畸形类型.实验结果表明,1～50日龄半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼的32批次495个骨骼标本中,骨骼畸形类型有14种,主要表现为脊椎骨的融合、增生、局部肥大,髓棘和脉棘的分叉和分离,尾鳍的分叉等.骨骼畸形主要发生于变态后期(25日龄)和变态后(40日龄),2个发育阶段的畸形率分别31.58％和25％.骨骼畸形的部位多见于脊柱的PH、HE和CA区,CE区尚未发现畸形.骨骼畸形会严重影响鱼类的外部形态、减缓生长及降低其市场价值.本研究初步探讨了养殖条件下半滑舌鳎骨骼畸形的发生过程,为阐明其早期发育机制及优化苗种培育和养殖条件等提供基础资料. 相似文献
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Common dentex larvae were reared using two culturing techniques, mesocosms and intensive rearing, to determine the principal culture parameters involved in the differences observed in growth, skeletal deformations and survival between the two rearing techniques. In growth, only dry weight of larvae of 40 days post‐hatching (dph) from mesocosms was significantly higher than larvae from intensive rearing. Significant differences were observed in survival at 40 dph (6.58% in mesocosms and 1.58% in intensive rearing) and in the incidence of skeletal deformations, both for percentage of deformed larvae and for some deformation types such as those related to vertebral column and to the caudal complex. Initial larval density and initial prey density and quality are the factors suspected to affect growth and survival performance, while skeletal deformities might also be affected by tank hydrodynamics. 相似文献
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Vertebral deformities were investigated in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major. In the field, deformities in seedlings were categorized and their incidence was calculated. In the laboratory, the symptoms of major vertebral deformities were examined morphologically using radiographs and by making transparent skeletal specimens. The internal structure of deformed vertebrae was examined histologically. The shortened body condition had the highest incidence (0.9–8.3%) of all deformities in the seedlings. In individuals with the shortened body condition, the ratio of trunk and caudal part length to body height was smaller. These fish had skeletal anomalies in the vertebrae, mainly centrum defects (64.3%) or undersized centrums (25.2%). The specimens with centrum defects had a characteristic anomaly in the vertebrae, with plural pairs of neural and haemal spines on a single centrum. This anomaly was frequently observed in the posterior abdominal vertebrae. The internal skeletal structure of such abnormal centrums was basically the same as that of normal centrums. In all the specimens with undersized centrums, both the centrum length and diameter were shorter than normal except for the first and second centrum, and urostyle. 相似文献
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温度、盐度、pH对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织耗氧量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用SKW-3微量呼吸仪对卵形鲳鲹（Trachinotus ovatus）幼鱼离体鳃组织的耗氧量进行了测定,研究了温度、盐度、pH对卯形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织耗氧量和单位呼吸面积耗氧量的影响。结果显示,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼离体鳃组织的耗氧量和单位呼吸面积的耗氧量均随着温度、盐度、pH的上升而逐渐增高,在水温27℃、盐度28和pH8．5时,离体鳃组织的耗氧量达到最大值;在水温27℃、盐度23和pH8．5时单位呼吸面积的耗氧量达最大值;随后耗氧量均逐渐减小。经方差分析,温度、盐度、pH对离体鳃组织耗氧量的影响均显著（P〈0．05）;温度和盐度对离体鳃组织单位呼吸面积的耗氧量影响极显著（P〈0．01）;pH对离体鳃组织单位呼吸面积的耗氧量影响也达显著水平（P〈0．05）;其中盐度为18和33这2组的离体鳃组织耗氧量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献