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海南自 1997年从泰国引种虎纹蛙以来 ,虎纹蛙的人工养殖发展迅速 ,现已有养蛙池近 6万口 (每口蛙池面积约 13m2 ) ,年产量 1万余吨 ,产值近 2亿元。不过 ,随着海南虎纹蛙养殖不断发展 ,相关病害也越来越多 ,其中 ,由脑膜炎败血黄杆菌引起的白内障综合症是当前海南虎纹蛙养殖中最为常见、危害最大、造成经济损失最严重的疾病。该病的主要特点为患病虎纹蛙先后出现白内障、歪头和腹水等症状 ,该病没有明显季节性 ,幼蛙和成蛙均可感染 ,传染性和危害性极强。由于从患病虎纹蛙中分离的病原菌 (脑膜炎败血黄杆菌 )对绝大多数抗生素均不敏感 ,常见… 相似文献
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野生虎纹蛙种群数量的减少使其不能满足人类的需求,催生了虎纹蛙的人工养殖。在开展人工养殖虎纹蛙的过程中已经出现腐皮病、胃肠炎、白内障、红腿病、烂鳃病等疾病;病蛙的处理缺乏科学性;养殖废水随意排放;销售许可制度管理不严;药物不正确使用等对野生虎纹蛙种群具有潜在的影响。建议科学规划,实施规模化养殖;加强人工养殖虎纹蛙的疾病预防;建立产品信息卡,实行身份跟踪制度;强化执法,打击非法贸易活动;大力加强宣传教育,提高资源保护意识,实现开展人工养殖虎纹蛙的经济效益和野生虎纹蛙资源保护的双赢。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2016,(10)
为评价白头翁颗粒对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效,将试验鸡随机分为7个处理组,以健康雏鸡为空白对照,硫酸新霉素和白头翁汤为对照药物,对鸡大肠杆菌病进行预防和治疗试验。统计各处理组对人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病的保护率、发病率和治愈率、有效率及测定相对增重率、脏器指数。结果显示,白头翁颗粒中剂量组(150 mg/只)对鸡大肠杆菌病的预防效果优于硫酸新霉素,但差异不显著(P0.05)。白头翁颗粒高剂量组(600 mg/只)治愈率和有效率分别为71.43%和85.71%,治疗效果与硫酸新霉素相近(P0.05)。白头翁颗粒高剂量组和硫酸新霉素组的相对增重率、脏器指数均优于感染对照组。说明白头翁颗粒对鸡大肠杆菌病具有良好的预防和治疗效果,可缓解大肠杆菌引起的典型病理症状,降低雏鸡心脏和肝脏的受损。 相似文献
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硫酸新霉素注射对雏鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以试管两倍稀释法测定硫酸新霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度,然后对人工诱发大肠杆菌病雏鸡进行肌肉注射给药3天的治疗试验。结果表明,硫酸新霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为1．75mg／L;硫酸新霉素高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组对鸡大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别是13．3％、50％、86．7％,而感染对照组的死亡率为83．3％。硫酸新霉素低剂量肌肉注射对鸡大肠杆菌病有较好的治疗作用。 相似文献
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研究了16种抗菌药物对鱼类几种细菌性病原的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)以及几种抗菌药物对不同病原菌的联合作用.结果表明:不同药物对不同菌株具有不同的MIC值,几种药物联用后对不同病原菌分别表现为:协同、相加、无关和拮抗四种结果.根据药物的联用结果研制出"肠鳃康"、"鱼血康"和"草鱼康".室外治疗结果表明,三种药物治疗有效率达100%;肠鳃康对鲤、鲫、鲂肠炎、烂鳃病治愈率达74%～85%,鱼血康对鲂鱼、鲫鱼细菌性败血症治愈率达70%～73.9%,草鱼康对草鱼赤皮、烂鳃、肠炎治愈率达63%～81.84%. 相似文献
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水产常用抗菌药物联合作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了16种抗菌药物对鱼类几种细菌性病原的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）以及几种抗菌药物对不同病原菌的联合作用，结果表明：不同药物对不同菌株具有不同的MIC值，几种药物联用后对不同病原菌分别表现为：协同，相加，无关和拮抗四种结果。根据药物的联用结果研制出“肠锶康”，“鱼血康”和草鱼康，室外治疗结果表明，三种药物治疗有效率达100％，肠鳃康对鲤、鲫，鲂肠炎，烂鳃病治愈率达74％－85％，鱼血康对鲂鱼，鲫鱼细菌性败血病治愈率达70％－73．9％，草鱼康对草鱼赤皮，烂鳃，肠炎治愈率达63％－81．84％。 相似文献
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速效肤康是中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所生产的一种外用擦剂,对家畜的虱、螨等外寄生虫均有很好的疗效,且使用方便。我们用精制敌百虫与之对比,对自然感染疥螨的病猪进行了治疗试验。用自然感染疥螨的病猪27头,平均体重13.5千克,随机分为3组。第1组用速效肤康治疗,第2组用敌百虫治疗,第3组 相似文献
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将人工感染发病的25只未免疫犬和自然发病的48只（大型犬和小型犬各24头）免疫犬分别随机分成3组，进行不同药物组合的治疗比较试验，在治疗试验第7d比较体征、病程，以判定治疗效果。结果表明：猪TF联合抗生素等药物的治疗人工感染犬细小病毒发病犬，其治愈率为55．6％，有效率为77．8％，明显高于血清治疗组（治愈率为25．0%，有效率为62．5％）和药物治疗组（治愈率0，有效率为37．5％）；猪TF联合抗生素等药物治疗自然发病（犬细小病毒病）犬，治愈率为56．3％，有效率为81．3％，明显高于血清治疗组（治愈率为37．5％，有效率为68．8％）和药物治疗组（治愈率12．5％，有效率为56．3％），猪TF联合抗生素等药物治疗平均治愈时间也较短。 相似文献
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Zhen-Yu Xie Yong-Can Zhou Shi-Feng Wang Bing Mei Xian-Dong Xu Wan-Yao Wen Yong-Qin Feng 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):140-144
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica has been recognised as an occasional but serious opportunistic bacterial pathogen to human beings. Recently, it was frequently isolated from tiger frog, Rana tigerina rugulosa, with cataract disease, which is the most common disease of unknown aetiology of frogs in Hainan, China. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterise the bacterial strains isolated from the recent outbreaks of cataract disease in farmed tiger frog in Hainan, China, and to evaluate their pathogenicity to the frog and their sensitivity to 20 chemotherapeutic agents.The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains W0701 (1478 bp), W0702 (1477 bp) and W0703 (1478 bp) showed 98.6–98.7% similarity with the sequence of E. meningoseptica type strain (ATCC 13253) and 99.9–100% similarity with that of E. meningoseptica NTU 870424-IL. Six strains (W0701–W0706) were selected to represent 24 isolates retrieved from six moribund frogs. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the six representative isolates were consistent with those of E. meningoseptica strains. The organisms were only susceptible to vancomycin and moderately susceptible to cefoperazone among the 20 investigated chemotherapeutic agents. Virulence test with strain W0702 was conducted and pathogenicity (by intramuscular injection) was demonstrated in the tiger frog. In conclusion, 24 isolates obtained from frogs with cataract disease were the E. meningoseptica strains highly pathogenic to tiger frog, and this is the first report of E. meningoseptica as a pathogen for tiger frog. 相似文献
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Percutaneous absorption of chemicals: developing an understanding for the treatment of disease in frogs 
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下载免费PDF全文 V. K. Llewelyn L. Berger B. D. Glass 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(2):109-121
The permeable nature of frog skin presents an alternative route for the delivery of therapeutic chemicals to treat disease in frogs. However, although therapeutic chemicals are often topically applied to the skin of frogs, their pharmacokinetics have rarely been reported. To provide evidence to guide both candidate drug and formulation selection, we highlight factors expected to influence percutaneous absorption through frog skin, including the anatomy and physiology of the skin and the physicochemical properties of applied therapeutic chemicals. Importantly, we also highlight the effects of the formulation on percutaneous absorption, especially the inclusion of potential penetration enhancers as excipients. Finally, we collate empirical data on the topical application of various therapeutic chemicals in postmetamorphic frogs and show that, in contrast to mammalian species, even large chemicals (i.e. >500 Da) and those with a wide range of log P values (?4 through +6) are likely to be absorbed percutaneously. Topical application in frogs thus promises a convenient and effective method for delivering systemic treatments of a diverse range of chemicals; however, further experimental quantification is required to ensure optimal outcomes. 相似文献
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Unterer S Strohmeyer K Kruse BD Sauter-Louis C Hartmann K 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(5):973-979
Background: Antibiotics generally are recommended to treat hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE). Inappropriate use of antibiotics may promote risk of antimicrobial resistance and unnecessary adverse drug reactions. The necessity of antimicrobial therapy in dogs with HGE has not been demonstrated. Objective: The purpose of this prospective, placebo‐controlled, blinded study was to evaluate whether treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid improves the clinical course and outcome of HGE in dogs that show no signs of sepsis. Animals: The study included 60 dogs diagnosed with HGE between 2007 and 2009 at the Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, LMU University of Munich, Germany. The inclusion criterion was the presence of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (<3 days). Dogs pretreated with antibiotics, with signs of sepsis, or diagnosed with any disease known to cause bloody diarrhea were excluded from the study. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into treatment (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 7 days) and placebo groups. To evaluate treatment efficacy, severity of clinical signs (based on a newly developed HGE index), duration of hospitalization, and mortality rate were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Fifty‐three of 60 dogs completed the study. No significant difference between treatment groups concerning mortality rate, dropout rate, duration of hospitalization, or severity of clinical signs, either on any individual day or over the course of disease, was observed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In some dogs with HGE that show no signs of sepsis, antibiotics may not change the case outcome or time to recovery. 相似文献
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为探究目前海南地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌病的流行性,了解该地区无乳链球菌耐药情况,本研究2020年8月从海南地区部分渔业养殖场的病鱼中共分离获得15株无乳链球菌,对各分离菌株的血清型、主要毒力基因及耐药性进行检测,并对多重耐药情况进行分析。血清型检测结果显示,15株分离菌株的血清型与对照菌株A909一致,均为Ⅰa型。毒力基因检测结果显示,15株分离菌株均未检出毒力基因scpB,但该毒力基因在参考菌株人源无乳链球菌2603V/R中检出,而主要毒力基因cylE、sodA、gapC的检出率均为100%。药敏试验结果表明,15株分离菌株对甲氧胺嘧啶、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率达85%以上;对头孢克洛、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、头孢拉定、卡那霉素、红霉素、利福平、克林霉素敏感性达80%以上;未发现对甲氧胺嘧啶、氟罗沙星、链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素敏感的菌株。多重耐药检测结果表明,15株分离菌株均至少对4种药物表现耐药,其中6重及以上耐药的菌株占总分离菌株数的86.67%,并有2株为13重耐药菌株。本研究为海南地区鱼源无乳链球菌病的用药提供参考,为华南地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌的流行病学和疾病防控提供调查依据。 相似文献
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Victoria K. Llewelyn Lee Berger Beverley D. Glass 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(1):91-95
Frogs have permeable skin, so transdermal delivery provides a practical alternative to traditional dosing routes. However, little is known about how frog skin permeability differs interspecifically, and there are different reported clinical outcomes following topical application of the same chemical in different frog species. This study collated in vitro absorption kinetic data previously reported for two frog species: the green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) and the cane toad (Rhinella marina), and used linear mixed-effects modelling to produce a model of absorption. Histology of skin samples from each species was performed to observe morphological differences that may affect absorption. Absorption kinetics differed significantly between species, with the logP of the applied chemical a better predictor of permeability than molecular weight. Application site also influenced permeability, with dorsal permeability consistently higher in cane toads. Ventral permeability was more consistent between species. Skin thickness differed between species and skin regions, and this may explain the differences in absorption kinetics. Guidelines for selecting chemicals and dosing site when treating frogs are presented. The permeability differences identified may explain the poor reproducibility reported in the treatment of disease across frog species, and reinforces the importance of considering interspecies differences when designing therapeutic treatments for frogs. 相似文献
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Kuznetsova E Bettenay S Nikolaeva L Majzoub M Mueller R 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):148-155
Canine generalized demodicosis (CGD) is a skin disease with distinct breed predispositions. Secondary bacterial infections are common. Dogs typically receive miticidal therapy in combination with antibacterial treatment. Whether antibiotics influence the duration of acaricidal therapy is unknown at the moment. There is also debate over how common short-tailed Demodex mites occur in demodicosis. This study evaluated the influence of systemic antibiotics on the course of CGD, the occurrence of short-tailed Demodex mites in demodectic dogs and the influence of furunculosis on treatment outcome. Breed predispositions for CGD in Moscow were identified. Fifty-eight dogs were randomly distributed in two groups. Both were treated with ivermectin 600 mcg/kg q24h orally and benzoyl peroxide shampoo weekly. The dogs in one group (AB) were additionally treated with systemic antibiotics for at least 1 month, dogs in the other group (NAB) were not. Monthly examinations, skin scrapings and impression smears were performed. Prior to the study there was no difference in clinical severity, presence of pyoderma and mite numbers between groups. There was no significant difference in duration until first negative skin scrapings and resolution of bacterial infection. In dogs with furunculosis the number of the mites was significantly higher than in dogs without furunculosis but the duration until microscopic remission albeit longer, was not significantly different. Short-tailed Demodex mites were found in 25% of the cases. Pugs and English Bulldogs were predisposed. Based on these results, systemic antibiotics may not impact as much as previously thought on the actual success of CGD treatment. 相似文献
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重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为研究重组溶葡萄球菌酶对奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效,以青霉素钠、土霉素为对照药物,子宫内灌注给药,分别在河北、内蒙古、广州、上海奶牛场试验,共治疗急、慢性子宫内膜炎病例359头,抽检249头奶牛子宫分泌物进行细菌学分离鉴定与统计分析。结果表明,大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、化脓棒状杆菌是4种检出率较高的病原菌。重组溶葡萄球菌酶治疗组与土霉素、青霉素钠比较,按400、800、1200U／次的三个浓度剂量治疗,隔日投药1次,连续用药3次,800、1200U／次的浓度剂量显效率超过80％,显著优于青霉素钠的疗效（P〈0．01）,与土霉素注射液组相当。追加用药次数可进一步提高奶牛子宫内膜炎的痊愈率。重组溶葡萄球菌酶能有效治疗由金黄色葡菌球菌、链球菌、化脓棒状杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌感染的子宫内膜炎,治愈后受孕率在70％左右。尤其是对抗生素治疗无效的慢性子宫内膜炎同样具有很好的疗效。因此,用重组溶葡萄球菌酶治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎安全、高效。 相似文献
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加减四君子汤对仔猪免疫机能及生产性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将72头（16.56±0.37）kg长大二元猪随机分为对照组、加减四君子汤组、抗生素组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头（公母各半）。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加中草药加减四君子汤,试验2组基础日粮中添加抗生素和高铜,于试验的第14天和第30天分别称重和采血,测定仔猪的生长性能、免疫指标和生理生化指标。结果显示,在试验第一阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,日粮粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.01）,料肉比显著高于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重、日粮粗蛋白质的消化率、料肉比与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而在试验第二阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组日增重和料肉比与抗生素组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,显著优于对照组（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组粗蛋白质消化率显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率在试验的两个阶段均显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.05）,对照组和抗生素组差异不显著;淋巴细胞转化率LTT（PHA）在第一阶段3个处理组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,在第二阶段中草药加减四君子汤极显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.01）,而对照组和抗生素组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;血清生化指标各处理组在整个试验期间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。该结果表明,加减四君子汤具有明显的促生长作用,可提高断奶仔猪免疫力,增强机体抗病力,在猪饲料中添加一定剂量的加减四君子汤对动物健康无不良影响。 相似文献