共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Ts. Kh. Tsybzhitov Ts. Ts. Tsybikdorzhiev M. A. Davydova B. -M. N. Gonchikov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(8):818-826
A map of soil cover patterns in the Tugnuisk Depression of the Transbaikal region has been compiled on a scale of 1:500 000. This map contains information on the distribution of soil complexes and soil combinations and on the genetic and geometric characteristics of soil areas. It is derived from the original large-scale soil maps. The theory of soil cover patterns was used as the basis for cartographic generalization. This made it possible to preserve information on soil types and subtypes identified on the original maps and to show the real distribution pattern for all the components of the soil cover. 相似文献
2.
I. S. Mikhailov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(4):377-385
A new soil map of the Russian Arctic on a scale of 1 : 1 M shows the soil cover in the north of Eurasia and on the islands of the Arctic Ocean to the north of 68° N. This map has been developed in a geoinformation system in the vector format with the wide use of remote sensing data. The delineated soil polygons show dominant and accompanying soils and the structure of soil cover patterns with indication of soil associations and soil complexes, the character of parent materials, and the topographic conditions. The map of the soil-geographic zoning of the Russian Arctic developed on the basis of the soil map differs from its earlier analogues in a greater degree of detail. The soil map of the Russian Arctic on a scale of 1 : 1 M displays the most detailed information on the soil cover patterns and can be used for solving various problems related to the exploration and development of this territory. Soil names from the new classification system of Russian soils [10] have been introduced into the legend of the map. New soil information and the use of remote sensing data have made it possible to enlarge the number of soil polygons shown on the map and to correct their boundaries in comparison with previous soil maps of the Russian Arctic. 相似文献
3.
The soil environmental index(SEI),which is a four digit code system,represents relatively homogenous spatial unit with specific soil capacity to provide ecological or non-production functions.This work aimed to present information on rating and economic evaluation of SEI,which is a spatial identifier used for expressing heterogeneity of Slovak agricultural soil to support analysis of soil ecological functions.In this study,SEI index expressed the capacity of soil to accumulate water,immobilise the risk elements and substances and transform risk substances(organic pollutants).Partial evaluations of soil capacity to provide above mentioned functions were used to derive final SEI values.Within the agricultural soils of Slovakia there were 493 combinations of soil environmental index.Each index was expressed through rating(point)value and economic value.Average value of Slovak agricultural land to provide selected ecological soil functions was 55.3 points,which corresponded to 35.946 billionper agricultural land or approximately 1.42per square meter.Spatial identification of SEI codes and relevant database were developed in vector form via geographical information systems of Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute,Bratislava.In addition to using the national soil database system,a strategy was presented for evaluating and pricing of soil ecological function,and the development of an soil environmental index.Assessment and evaluation of vitally important soil functions expressed by SEI can significantly contribute to planning and protection of the soil,and can regulate indiscriminate anthropic interventions in land use decisions. 相似文献
4.
S. V. Levykin A. A. Chibilev G. V. Kazachkov V. P. Petrishchev 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(2):246-252
The evolution of Russian concepts concerning the assessment of soil suitability for cultivation in relation to several campaigns on large-scale plowing of virgin steppe soils is examined. The major problems of agricultural land use in steppe areas—preservation of rainfed farming in the regions with increasing climatic risks, underestimation of the potential of arable lands in land cadaster assessments, and much lower factual yields in comparison with potential yields—are considered. It is suggested that the assessments of arable lands should be performed on the basis of the soil–ecological index (SEI) developed by I. Karmanov with further conversion of SEI values into nominal monetary values. Under conditions of land reforms and economic reforms, it is important to determine suitability of steppe chernozems for plowing and economic feasibility of their use for crop growing in dependence on macroeconomic parameters. This should support decisions on optimization of land use in the steppe zone on the basis of the principles suggested by V. Dokuchaev. The developed approach for assessing soil suitability for cultivation was tested in the subzone of herbaceous–fescue–feather grass steppes in the Cis-Ural part of Orenburg oblast and used for the assessment of soil suitability for cultivation in the southern and southeastern regions of Orenburg oblast. 相似文献
5.
Principles and methods of studying the soil cover pattern for the inventory, assessment, and rational use of the natural resource
potential are outlined. It is suggested that the soil cover patterns should be studied for typified natural systems (territorial
units). The latter are different from one another in the composition and pattern of the soil combinations. The typology and
hierarchical grouping of soil combinations are developed, and their nomenclature is suggested. The methodology for assessing
the soil cover heterogeneity on the basis of a monofactor scale of the degree of the soil contrasts and a modified evaluation
of the soil cover compartmentalization with the application of an automated cartographic analysis is described. This procedure
has made it possible to gain an integral holistic perception of the geosystems in Belarus. The application of a corresponding
database developed in the ArcInfo format for creating maps with information on the morphometric, geomorphic, hypsometric,
lithological, and other characteristics of geosystems is illustrated. Special surveys of the soil cover patterns in Belarus
were performed on an area of 10000000 ha. Their results are taken into account upon planning the rational nature management. 相似文献
6.
黄河三角洲退化刺槐林地不同改造模式下土壤酶活性及养分特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探索黄河三角洲重度退化刺槐林不同改造模式的改良土壤效果,以改造后的棉田、纯林(白蜡林)、农林间作(白蜡+棉花)、混交林(白蜡+刺槐)为研究对象,未改造的重度退化刺槐林作为对照,分析比较不同改造模式下的土壤酶活性、养分特征及其相关关系。结果表明:4种改造模式对土壤养分含量和酶活性均有显著性差异,土壤剖面表层普遍高于20-40cm土层,农林间作与混交林在退化刺槐林土壤修复中具有较好的效果;棉田属于掠夺式的土地利用方式,虽能暂时提高表层土壤的养分,但不利于土壤的持续利用。磷酸酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶及过氧化物酶和土壤养分等具有较强的相关性,可用来指示该区域不同改造模式下土壤质量的变化特征。4种改造模式土壤酶指数从大到小依次为混交林、农林间作、纯林、棉田。从土壤酶活性和养分特征等改良土壤效应来看,混交林和农林间作改造模式较好,其次为纯林,棉田不宜作为长期营建方式。 相似文献
7.
8.
[目的]黄土高原地区水资源短缺,探究不同土地利用方式下次降雨对土壤含水量变化的影响对区域水资源优化配置理论探索具有重要意义。[方法]基于甘肃省庆阳市南小河沟径流场自然降雨条件下的实测数据资料及4种土地利用方式(农、林、草、裸)覆盖下的降雨前后观测数据,分析了不同土地利用方式下5种不同次降雨等级的土壤含水量深层变化特征。[结果](1)土壤含水量的动态变化与土地利用方式关系较为密切。在4种土地利用方式中,林地比裸地的蓄水能力好,但裸地的土壤含水量在不同等级降雨影响下的波动最大。随着土层深度的增加,表层土壤含水量对降雨的响应比较明显,中间层和深层具有一定的滞后性。(2)特定降雨条件下,土壤不同深度的水分交换存在明显的水分活跃层分界点。大雨和暴雨条件下,在40 cm土层深度处出现明显的水分活跃层分界点;中雨条件下,除了农地雨后含水量差异较大之外,其他土地利用方式下,从60 cm处开始土壤含水量出现明显的水分活跃层分界点。(3)不同土地利用方式下降雨特征因子与表层土壤含水量的关联性都最小,与中间层和深层土壤含水量的关联性都较高;4种土地利用方式中相对于裸地,林地、草地和农地对土壤水分的调控作用较... 相似文献
9.
N. B. Khitrov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2012,45(10):918-928
A methodology for creating detailed soil maps on the basis of a dense grid of soil testing points and the numerical interpolation of experimental data on the soil properties is discussed. The study of the soil cover patterns combines regular sampling grids with equal spacing and additional sampling points chosen with due account for the soil cover specificity in particular areas. Soil diagnostics are performed at each of the points, and the diagnostic features of the soils are recorded in the field. In a laboratory, these data are arranged into a database, and a legend to the soil map is created. The necessary and sufficient set of the quantitative soil characteristics is selected, and quantitative criteria of the boundaries between the separate soil polygons are determined on the basis of numerical interpolation. Algorithms to delineate soil polygons on the basis of the selected indices are developed. Separate thematic map layers are produced for each of the selected soil characteristics. An integral soil map for the investigated area is obtained via the superposition of these layers. The thickness and/or the depths of the upper/lower boundaries of the soil layer with definite diagnostic characteristics making it possible to distinguish the given soil from its neighbors are used as the criteria for delineating the boundaries between soil polygons. Special criteria based on the proportions between the thicknesses or depths of several layers can also be applied for this purpose. The creation of a detailed soil map of a plot on the Kamennaya Steppe is discussed as an example of the practical application of this methodology. 相似文献
10.
Z. G. Zalibekov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(8):826-831
The soil diversity in the Terek-Kuma Lowland has been studied on the basis of detailed soil maps of several key sites. The role of multicomponent soil complexes in the formation of stable soil cover is shown. The main tendencies in the evolution of soil diversity in the area of the Terek-Kuma Lowland under natural and anthropogenic conditions are shown. Two types of development of soil diversity — development regulated by stable genetic, ameliorative, and ecological conditions and development regulated by the dynamic processes — are specified. 相似文献
11.
海涂围垦区土壤质量综合评价的指标体系研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以苏北海涂围垦区为研究区域,选取与作物生长密切相关的理化性质为指标,采用模糊数学方法对土壤质量状况进行了定量评价,获取了区域土壤质量状况分布图,并对不同指标体系下的评价结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:研究区土壤质量状况总体较差,有机质是重要的土壤质量评价因子,土壤盐分与地下水矿化度是土壤质量的主要限制因子;不同评价方案获得的土壤质量状况具有空间相似性,西部棉花种植区土壤质量状况总体优于东部的水稻种植区;体积质量对土壤质量评价差异影响较小,速效养分对土壤质量评价影响较大,基于速效养分的土壤质量评价精度高于全量养分;在其他因素获取困难的情况下,采用土壤有机质、速效养分和盐分或仅采用土壤有机质和盐分作为评价指标亦能较好地反映土壤质量状况.该研究可为海涂围垦区土壤质量快速评价指标体系的构建、中低产地的科学改良和管理提供一定理论依据. 相似文献
12.
A. V. Nazarkina 《Eurasian Soil Science》2010,43(12):1322-1329
The regularities of the soil cover formation and pattern in the Partizanskaya River valley (Sikhote-Alin Mountains) were revealed.
The diversity of the soil cover was shown to depend on the landscape hydrological zone of the river basin, the structure of
the floodplain, and the difference in flooding of the floodplain sections. The comparative assessment of the soil cover diversity
using the Shannon index showed that, in the zone of accumulative landscapes, the soil cover diversity of the floodplain sections
that were formed under the meandering of the river was higher than the diversity of the soil cover in the sections formed
upon branching (furcation) of the channel. The maximum values of the Shannon index and the maximum supply with water characterize
the floodplain in the mouth zone of the valley with the most stable conditions of soil formation. The determination of the
diversity index for the soil cover and water supply of the floodplain sections is expedient in planning the economic activities
in the valley. 相似文献
13.
中国主要农业区保护性耕作模式技术特征量化分析 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
对中国5个主要农业区的28种典型保护性耕作模式的技术特征进行量化分析与评价。结果表明:各区域的保护性耕作模式总体上都表现出较高的"保护度"(Cd),具有"少裸露"、"少动土"、"高保蓄"和"高效益"特点,但是"少污染"特征总体表现较差;各区域模式的技术特征表现不一,但基本上都与区域实际需求相吻合;东北平原保护性耕作主要表现为高保蓄和少动土,但是化肥农药使用增加;黄土高原主要表现为少裸露,但经济效益却低于传统耕作;农牧交错带主要表现为少裸露和高效益;长江流域主要表现为高效益和高劳动力消耗;华北平原地区的部分保护性耕作在土壤保蓄方面表现突出,但在减少土壤扰动和增加经济效益方面表现不明显。根据评价结果,中国保护性耕作的研究要继续突出不同区域特点,针对目前存在的不足,进一步通过共性关键技术与配套技术的有效组合,形成区域特色保护性耕作技术体系。 相似文献
14.
15.
不同冬种模式对稻田土壤碳库管理指数的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
长江中下游地区是我国水稻生产的重要基地,在保障我国粮食安全中占有重要地位,但该地区农田可持续性不高,稻田冬季利用率较低。本研究通过探讨不同冬季种植模式对土壤质量的影响,为冬闲田合理开发利用,提高稻田可持续性提供理论依据。设置5种冬种模式,分别为冬季休闲、冬种紫云英、冬种油菜、冬种大蒜和冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式,通过测定不同土层土壤养分、土壤有机碳、活性有机碳和微生物生物量碳等,进一步分析不同冬种模式的土壤碳库管理指数及其综合效应。结果表明,在0~30 cm稻田土壤,与冬闲处理相比,不同冬季种植模式土壤有机碳提高6.12%~7.17%、活性有机碳提高13.56%~20.76%、微生物生物量碳提高0.13%~14.34%、可溶性有机碳提高3.49%~19.15%,土壤活性有机碳有效率提高6.74%~17.20%,冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式能显著促进稻田土壤总有机碳及可溶性有机碳的积累;不同冬种模式提高了稻田土壤碳库活度指数和碳库指数,并且土壤碳库管理指数增加14.37%~27.29%。土壤有机碳与活性有机碳呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,土壤碳库管理指数与总有机碳呈显著相关（P<0.05）、与活性有机碳间存在极显著（P<0.01）的相关性。对土壤碳库管理指数影响因素的灰色关联度综合分析表明,冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式排名第1。可见,不同冬季种植模式能增加土壤有机碳含量和提高土壤碳库管理指数,冬季轮作（马铃薯、紫云英、油菜）模式的综合评价最好,其次为冬种大蒜模式。 相似文献
16.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(7):1982-1991
The food security–climate change nexus rapidly gains momentum. Soil degradation plays an important role in this context while dealing with, for example, the productive capacity of our soil resources or carbon sequestration for climate change mitigation. However, little has been done to assess the pristine soil conditions despite the fact that these provide the basis to put changes into context. Various methodologies have been developed to assess the global distribution of current soil conditions. We used the S‐World methodology that was developed to generate global soil property maps for environmental modelling studies. Up till now, the S‐World methodology assessed current soil conditions by disaggregating the Harmonized World Soil Database using detailed information on climate, topography, land cover, and land use. This study used the S‐World methodology to derive global soil conditions under natural vegetation. A large number of natural areas around the globe were identified for which land cover, expressed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, could be successfully correlated to environmental conditions such as temperature, rainfall, and topography. Using this relation in regression kriging, the vegetation index under natural conditions was derived for the entire globe. Subsequently, the S‐World methodology was used to calculate the soil properties under natural land cover and absence of human land use. Soil property maps for natural and current conditions were compared and showed large local differences. The results indicate that there are major changes due to land cover and land use change and that these changes are concentrated on the globe. The results are the basis for future assessments on, for example, land degradation, food security, or the sustainable development goals. © 2017 The Authors. Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
17.
冬季覆盖作物残茬还田对双季稻田土壤有机碳和碳库管理指数的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
研究冬季不同覆盖作物残茬还田后稻田土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳含量和碳库管理指数的变化, 对合理利用冬闲稻田, 发展冬季覆盖作物, 以及科学评价不同种植模式具有重要意义。本研究以不同冬季覆盖作物-双季稻定位试验为研究对象, 采用田间小区试验方法, 分析了黑麦草-双季稻(T1)、紫云英-双季稻(T2)和油菜-双季稻(T3) 3种种植模式不同冬季覆盖作物残茬还田后对土壤耕层(0~20 cm)总有机碳、活性有机碳含量的影响, 并计算了各处理的碳库活度、碳库活度指数、碳库指数和碳库管理指数。结果表明, 与冬闲-双季稻(对照)相比, T1、T2和T3处理的冬季覆盖作物残茬还田均提高了稻田土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量, 其大小顺序均表现为T2>T1>T3>CK。其中, 各处理稻田土壤总有机碳含量均显著高于对照, 早稻收获时T1、T2和T3处理土壤总有机碳含量两年平均分别比对照增加6.73%、10.53%和4.79%, 晚稻收获时两年平均分别增加4.16%、6.20%和2.37%; T1和T2 处理土壤活性有机碳含量均显著高于对照, 早稻收获时两年平均分别比对照增加10.52%和21.52%, 晚稻收获时两年平均分别增加11.99%和15.59%。冬季覆盖作物残茬还田提高了土壤碳库活度、碳库活度指数、碳库指数和土壤碳库管理指数, 其大小顺序均表现为T2>T1>T3。总的来说, 各处理中以紫云英残茬还田的效果为最好, 黑麦草和油菜残茬还田的效果次之。 相似文献
18.
Abstract. The Skokloster and Stockholm Environmental Institute (SEI) approaches were applied to the assessment of 145 soils of the South African highveld region in terms of sensitivity to acid deposition. The critical load class calculated by variants of these methods was compared with the acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) determined by pH measurement of soil suspended in a dilute acetate buffer solution. This rapid index of ANC correlates well both with ANC determined by an established but more laborious method which involves titration and equilibration of soil with HCl, and with a number of soil properties related to base status. The correlation between Skokloster or SEI critical load classes and ANC was weak. It was concluded that ANC determination would be a preferable basis for classifying these soils in terms of their sensitivity to acid deposition, since the method is direct and integrates the contribution of various soil properties to acid sensitivity instead of requiring the relative contribution to be calculated according to somewhat arbitrary weightings given to broadly defined classes of soil properties. 相似文献
19.
为探究不同作物覆盖下不同深度的土壤盐分快速反演模型,该研究采集苜蓿、玉米覆盖下0～15、>15～30、>30～50 cm层深度的土壤盐分含量,基于无人机多光谱影像数据,提取各地块采样点的光谱反射率,在此基础上引入红边波段计算光谱指数作为特征变量,采用支持向量机递归特征消除算法(Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination,SVM-RFE)以筛选光谱指数及未经过筛选的全指数组作为模型输入组,共构建出36个基于随机森林(Random Forest,RF)、极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)、BP神经网络(Back Propagation Neural Network)等机器学习模型,确定不同作物覆盖下的最佳土壤盐分反演模型。结果表明：SVM-RFE算法筛选光谱指数构建模型精度优于未进行筛选构建的模型。对于苜蓿和玉米覆盖土壤,整体上,RF反演效果优于ELM模型和BPNN模型,反演结果能体现真实土壤盐分含量,在0～15和>30～50 cm土层上,RF模型反演效果优于其他模型,苜蓿样... 相似文献
20.
覆盖作物的种植是一种可实现农业可持续发展的保护性耕作措施，对维护农业生产的可持续性具有积极意义。目前，对覆盖作物的研究主要侧重于覆盖作物对土壤和后茬作物的影响评价，包括对土壤有机碳、氮的固存，对杂草和病虫害的抑制、对土壤理化性质的改良和对土壤微生物活性的影响等方面。然而，覆盖作物的效益因覆盖作物类型、地理位置和覆盖时间不同而存在差异。另外，覆盖作物的选择、设置方法、终止方法、经济效益等充满了不确定性，这限制了其在农田中的大面积推广。该研究基于当前国内外的研究进展简要介绍了覆盖作物的种植管理现状，总结了覆盖作物提供的多种生态系统服务功能，讨论了限制覆盖作物在农作物种植系统中广泛应用的关键因素，提出了覆盖作物合理选择的建议。同时，基于覆盖作物在农学、生态环境上的经济和生态效益，对覆盖作物的贡献以及面临的瓶颈进行了思考。发现良种培育、覆盖作物-土壤微生物-土壤养分-作物之间的协同机制仍是今后需要突破的重点课题，以期为覆盖作物的合理选择及大面积推广提供依据。 相似文献