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1.
为研究放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征和牧草营养品质的影响,本文研究了放牧和围封对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征、牧草营养品质的影响及其相互关系。结果表明:放牧显著降低了植物群落的高度、盖度和生物量,显著增加了物种丰富度指数(P<0.01);放牧显著增加牧草粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)、粗脂肪(Crude fat,CF)、消化率(Dry matter digestibility,DMD)和代谢能(Metabolic energy,ME),显著降低了牧草的中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fibers,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fibers,ADF)(P<0.01);群落多样性指数与牧草CP,CF,DMD和ME呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与牧草NDF和ADF呈显著负相关(P<0.01);牧草CP,CF,DMD和ME与NDF和ADF呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。总之,放牧处理显著增加了物种丰富度指数和牧草营养品质。建议对围封温性荒漠草原进行适度放牧,以充分利用草地资源,保护草地物种多样性。  相似文献   

2.
为探索青藏高原地区草畜高效管理模式,本试验采用刈割模拟家畜采食的方式在夏季牧草生长季(8月初,称作青草期)利用冬春草场,并在牧草生长季末(10月初,称作枯黄期)采集牧草和土壤样品,研究不同利用强度对牧草再生、生物量、品质以及土壤养分的影响。试验结果表明:3种不同利用强度对牧草枯黄期地上生物量、牧草酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)没有产生显著影响;不同草地利用强度处理组枯黄期粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)含量均显著低于青草期,而ADF和NDF的结果刚好相反(P<0.05);枯黄期重度利用草场牧草CP含量显著高于不利用组(P<0.05),中度利用强度0~10 cm土壤速效磷含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,青藏高原在牧草生长季利用冬春草场(留茬2~4 cm),家畜不仅能够摄取优质的青绿牧草,而且不会降低牧草生育期总生物量。  相似文献   

3.
不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
试验选用5只瘤胃瘘管羊,用尼龙袋法对采自甘肃玛曲高寒草甸、沼泽化草甸、甘肃张掖平山湖荒漠草原及新疆温性草原天然混合牧草的干物质消化率(DMD)和营养成分进行测定。结果表明,高海拔地区的高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸牧草干物质消化率显著高于低海拔地区荒漠草原,且随着时间的推移,高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸牧草干物质消化率先升高后降低,且在6月体内消化率达到最高,而平山湖荒漠草原表现相反趋势。新疆温性荒漠草原则随着季节的变化,从花期—果期—枯草期牧草干物质消化率逐渐降低。玛曲高寒草甸牧草干物质消化率与牧草粗蛋白含量(CP)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与牧草中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF), 中性洗涤纤维(NDF)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);牧草生育期与CP含量和DMD呈极显著负相关,与DM, ADF, NDF均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明在高寒牧区,6,7和8月牧草营养价值较高,可满足放牧家畜维持和生产能量需要。  相似文献   

4.
为了研究放牧强度对祁连山高寒草甸优势牧草营养价值的影响,本研究以10年围封、轻度、中度和重度放牧处理下的高寒草甸作为研究对象,研究放牧强度对4个优势种牧草营养价值年际、月际变化和种的影响。结果表明:放牧显著增加了矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis Sergiev)的粗蛋白(CP)和锦鸡儿(Caragana sinica Rehder)的干物质消化率(DMD),显著降低了锦鸡儿的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)(P<0.05);4种优势牧草CP和DMD表现出明显的年际和月际变化规律,即多雨年份CP和DMD显著高于干旱年份(P<0.05),6月份牧草返青季CP和DMD含量显著高于9月份牧草枯黄季(P<0.05),而NDF含量变化趋势则与之相反;4种优势牧草CP、DMD和NDF受到放牧强度、年际变化、月际变化和种的相互影响。因此,建议对围封高寒草甸进行放牧,并在干旱年份和牧草生长季末家畜转场或补饲,实现祁连山草地畜牧业的可持续发展。  相似文献   

5.
为探究放牧、长期围封对祁连山高寒草甸优势牧草营养品质的影响,采用野外采样、室内测定和数据统计分析相结合的方法,对放牧和长期围封高寒草甸4个优势种牧草[(嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum L)、金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa L)和锦鸡儿(Caragana sinica Rehder)]营养品质年际和月际变化的影响及其相互关系展开研究。结果表明:与长期围封相比,放牧显著增加了嵩草、珠芽蓼和锦鸡儿粗蛋白(CP)和消化率(DMD),显著降低了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)(P<0.05);放牧和长期围封对4个优势种牧草CP、DMD和NDF的影响表现出明显的年际和月际变化规律,即多雨年份CP和DMD显著高于干旱年份(P<0.05);返青季6月份CP和DMD显著高于枯黄季9月份,NDF则与之相反;放牧和年份、月份互作对4个优势种营养品质影响各有不同。本研究能为草原长期围封和解封提供理论参考,对草原管理和利用具重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
姚喜喜  周睿  李长慧  多杰索南 《草地学报》2021,29(12):2792-2799
为探究不同坡向草地植被构成和牧草品质特征,本研究对青藏高原东北缘不同坡向高寒草甸植被构成和牧草营养特征进行分析。结果表明:阴坡(Shady aspect,SHA)植物物种数和盖度显著高于阳坡(Sunny aspect,SUA)和山脊(Ridge,RI);SHA草地植物群落物种丰富度指数和多样性指数显著高于SUA和RI;禾本科、莎草科和可食杂类草地上生物量在SHA显著高于SUA和RI,不可食牧草地上生物量在RI显著高于SHA和SUA;植物中粗灰分(Crude ash,ASH)、粗脂肪(Ether extract,EE)、粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)、钙含量(Calcium,Ca)、干物质消化率(Dry matter digestibility,DMD)、代谢能(Metabolic energy,ME)和可食牧草营养品质指数(Nutritional quality index,NQI)在SHA显著高于SUA,粗纤维(Crude fiber,CF)、中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量在SUA显著高于RI和SHA。建议在高寒草地的利用中,采用NQI评价草地营养价值,并考虑植物分布和营养品质在不同坡向的变化,实现精细化管理。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨雨淋和草条厚度对收获调制期间天然牧草干草干燥特性和营养品质的影响,本研究以雨淋和未雨淋的天然牧草为研究对象,采用完全随机设计,分别对其进行10 cm,15 cm和20 cm草条厚度调制,并对天然牧草干草干燥特性和营养品质进行分析。结果表明:雨淋后的天然牧草达到安全含水量的干燥时间较未雨淋的延长24 h;雨淋后的天然牧草干草中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)含量、酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量显著升高(P<0.05)、干物质(Dry matter,DM)含量、粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)含量和相对饲用价值(Relative feeding value,RFV)显著降低(P<0.05),粗灰分含量没有显著影响;15 cm草条厚度调制的天然牧草干草CP含量和RFV显著高于10 cm和20 cm(P<0.05);雨淋和草条厚度的交互作用对天然牧草干草品质无显著影响。总之,雨淋处理延长了天然牧草干草调制达到安全含水量的干燥时间,降低了天然牧草干草的营养品质,天然牧草干草调制的草条厚度应控制在15 cm左右为宜。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平饲粮对羔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、消化道重量及瘤胃乳头发育的影响。选用60只体况良好,体重为(3.23±0.20)kg的初生母羔羊,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只羊。试验羔羊于10日龄补饲开食料,开食料NDF水平分别为12%(12NDF组)、16%(16NDF组)、20%(20NDF组)和24%(24NDF组)的饲粮。试验期60 d,饲养试验所有羔羊均随母哺乳,消化试验所有羔羊不随母哺乳。结果显示:1)随着日龄的增加,羔羊的体重极显著增加(P<0.01);各日龄阶段日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05);随日龄的增加,羔羊干物质采食量(DMI)极显著增加(P<0.01),饲喂不同NDF水平饲粮,各组羔羊DMI差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)24NDF组羔羊干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)采食量和总能(GE)摄入量显著高于16NDF、20NDF组(P<0.05)。24NDF组羔羊粗蛋白(CP)采食量显著高于20NDF组(P<0.05);24NDF组羔羊中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量极显著高于20NDF组(P<0.01),20NDF组极显著高于16NDF、12NDF组(P<0.01);24NDF组羔羊DM、OM表观消化率显著低于12NDF、16NDF组(P<0.05),24NDF组GE表观消化率显著低于16NDF组(P<0.05),但20NDF、24NDF组NDF、ADF表观消化率显著或极显著高于12NDF组(P<0.05或P<0.01);24NDF组羔羊粪能显著高于12NDF、16NDF和24NDF组(P<0.05)。各试验组CP表观消化率和消化能差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)12NDF组羔羊全胃重显著高于16NDF、20NDF组(P<0.05)。12NDF组羔羊瘤胃重显著高于20NDF组(P<0.05)。12NDF组羔羊瘤胃占宰前活重的比例显著高于16NDF、20NDF和24NDF组(P<0.05)。12NDF组羔羊十二指肠重及十二指肠占宰前活重的比例显著高于16NDF组(P<0.05)。其余各指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,母羔羊在0~60日龄最适的NDF水平为16%~20%。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨纤维素酶和木聚糖酶对象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach)青贮发酵品质与体外消化率的影响,试验设对照组(CK)、添加纤维素酶组(CE)、添加木聚糖酶组(XE)和组合添加酶组(CX,纤维素酶+木聚糖酶)。青贮7,30,60,90 d后开窖取样,测定相关指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,CE,XE和CX组显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05),降低了pH、氨态氮/总氮和干物质损失;添加酶处理组中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)、纤维素、半纤维素含量均低于对照,并且水溶性碳水化合物、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量增加;体外发酵试验中,CE,XE和CX组青贮饲料干物质消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、酸性洗涤消化率和体外产气均显著高于CK(P<0.05),且CX组体外产气量最高,而CE与XE之间差异不显著。综上,添加纤维素酶、木聚糖酶提高了象草青贮发酵品质与体外消化率,组合添加酶效果更好。  相似文献   

10.
为了对内蒙古地区温性荒漠草原牧草的营养成分进行快速检测,试验以85份混合鲜草为研究对象采用偏最小二乘(partial least square regression, PLS)法建立干物质(dry matter, DM)、粗蛋白(crude protein, CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber, ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)、粗脂肪(ether extract, EE)和粗灰分(crude ash, Ash)含量的近红外光谱(near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, NIRS)预测模型。结果表明:DM、NDF、ADF和Ash的定标集决定系数(R2)分别为0.985,0.728,0.749,0.727,验证集R2分别为0.848,0.536,0.673,0.741,验证相对分析误差(ratio of performance to deviation for validation, RPD)为8.163,1.899,1.927,...  相似文献   

11.
In order to explore the differences of forage nutritional quality and digestibility among different types of rangelands, five typical rangeland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe, warm steppe, desert steppe and warm desert steppe) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were used as research objects. The characteristics of forage nutritional quality and digestibility of typical rangelands and their correlation were analyzed. The results showed that: there were significant differences in crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) among different types of rangeland (P<0.01). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between DMD and CP (P<0.05), and a significant negative correlation between DMD and NDF and ADF (P<0.05). Elevation (ELE) was positively correlated with DMD and CP (P<0.05), but negatively correlated with NDF and ADF(P<0.05). In conclusion, there were significant differences in CP, ADF, NDF and DMD among different types of grasslands in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it mainly manifested that with the increase of altitude, ADF and NDF gradually decreased, while CP and DMD gradually increased, and forage quality gradually increased. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

12.
Grazing and fencing field were sampled to explore their effects on vegetation characteristics and forage nutritional quality by the combined analytical method in the temperate desert steppe. The results showed that, grazing significantly decreased the height, coverage and biomass of the plant community, and significantly increased the species richness index (P<0.01). Moreover, grazing significantly increased the Crude protein (CP), Crude fat (CF), Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and Metabolic energy (ME), and significantly decreased the Neutral detergent fibers (NDF) and Acid detergent fibers (ADF) (P<0.01). The species richness index was positively correlated with CP, CF, DMD and ME, but negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.01). CP, CF, DMD and ME were negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.01). In summary, grazing significantly increased species richness index and forage nutritional quality. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out appropriate grazing on the fencing temperate desert steppe to make full use of grassland resources and protect species diversity. © 2019 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

13.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平甜菜粕对焉耆马营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、年龄和体尺相近的焉耆马12匹,随机分为3组,每组4匹。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在饲喂相同的基础日粮和粗饲料(燕麦秸)的条件下分别补饲0、0.6和1.2 kg/d甜菜粕。试验期20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF、ADF的消化量和对日粮NDF、ADF的表观消化率均有极显著提高(P<0.01),对粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和对有机物的表观消化率影响差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组焉耆马对NDF和ADF的消化量分别增加了8.19%、9.43%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05),而对有机物、粗蛋白质、钙的消化量和表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组焉耆马对有机物、NDF和ADF的消化量和表观消化率与试验Ⅰ组相比,均达到了显著或极显著水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),但对粗蛋白质和钙的消化量和表观消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组焉耆马的消化能与对照组和试验Ⅰ组相比分别提高14.92%(P<0.01)和11.23%(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);对代谢能而言,试验Ⅱ组比对照组和试验Ⅰ组分别提高11.73%(P>0.05)和14.83%(P<0.05)。因此,日粮中添加1.2 kg/d的甜菜粕,可显著提高焉耆马对日粮有机物和粗蛋白质的消化量,极显著提高NDF和ADF的表观消化量(率)及消化能,可明显改善焉耆马对营养物质的利用率。  相似文献   

14.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplemental different levels of sugar beet pulp on the nutrients of digestion and metabolism in Yanqi horse.12 Yanqi horses were randomly divided into three groups according to performance,body weight,body measurement and age.The groups were referred to as the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,each group with 4 Yanqi horses.Yanqi horses in the control group,group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were supplied with 0,0.6,1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp on the condition of feeding the same basal diet and roughage (oat straw).The total duration of the experiment was 20 days,the first 15 days of the experiment was the preliminary period,and the formal experiment lasted for 5 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of OM,NDF,ADF and digestibility amount of NDF,ADF in group Ⅱ was extremely significantly improved (P<0.01),the digestibility amount of crude protein,calcium and the apparent digestibility of OM in group Ⅱ was significant difference (P<0.05);The digestibility amount of NDF,ADF of group Ⅰ was increased by 8.19% (P<0.05) and 9.43% (P<0.05),respectively,and the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,the apparent digestibility (amount) of OM,NDF,ADF of group Ⅱ were significantly or extremely significant difference (P<0.05;P<0.01),but the apparent digestibility (amount) of crude protein,calcium were no significant difference (P>0.05).Compared with the control group and group Ⅰ,the digestible engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 14.92% (P<0.01) and 11.23% (P<0.01),but no significant difference was observed between group Ⅰ and control group (P>0.05);The metabolic engergy of group Ⅱ was increased by 11.73% (P<0.05) and 14.83% (P<0.05),respectively.Therefore,the digestion amount of OM,CP of Yanqi horse and the digestion amount and the apparent digestibility of NDF,ADF could be significantly or extremely significantly improved by the supplementation of 1.2 kg/d of sugar beet pulp,and the ability to use the nutrients were obviously improved for Yanqi horse.  相似文献   

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