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1.
甜菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甜菜基因组DNA为模板,研究了ISSR的主要影响因素,建立一套适宜于甜菜的ISSR优化反应体系及程序,并对该优化体系进行了验证.实验结果表明:①优化的ISSR扩增的反应体系为:20μL的反应体积中包括2.5mmol/L MgCl2,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶,0.5μmol/L引物,10×PCR Buffer 2μL,100ng DNA模板.②优化的PCR扩增条件为:94℃预变性3min,然后94℃变性30s,45℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,35个循环后,72℃延伸5min.③利用优化的反应体系仅用1条引物就能将10份甜菜材料区分开. 相似文献
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本文以嫩芽和鲜叶为材料,建立了十里香茶高效、微量基因组DNA提取方法,提取的DNAOD260/280在1.7～2.0之间,DNA产率在81.8～483.5 ng/mg之间,能够满足RPAD的需要。同时建立了十里香茶RAPD分子标记方法,25μL PCR反应体系中包含:50 ng DNA模板,1.2μL引物,2.5μL 10×PCR Buffer,2.5μL 25 mMMgCl2,2μL 10 mM dNTP,14.8μL ddH2 O1,U Taq聚合酶。PCR扩增程序为94℃预变性3 min,94℃变性1 min,36℃退火1 min 20 s,72℃延伸2 min4,0个循环后72℃延伸10 min。15个RAPD随机引物以十里香1号DNA为模板,分别扩增出1～7条带。 相似文献
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甜菜SSR-PCR反应体系的优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了建立适宜甜菜的SSR反应体系,笔者以甜菜不育系TB005A为试验材料,研究了甜菜SSR技术中PCR反应体系的主要成分对SSR扩增结果的影响。对SSR反应体系中的DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、Taq聚合酶浓度、dNTPs浓度以及退火温度进行了探索,确立了适合甜菜的SSR反应体系为;在20μL反应体系中,模板DNA为60ng,引物（50ng／μL）1．2μL,Taq DNA聚合酶1．0U,dNTPs（2、5mM／L）0．6μL。并利用该反应体系对30个甜菜不同品系进行SSR反应,用6％的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,不同品系间DNA谱带多态性丰富,证实该体系稳定可靠。 相似文献
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通过单因子、双因子实验研究了胡椒ISSR-PCR反应体系中热参数和5个主要成分,即退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间以及Mg2+、dNTPS、引物、模板DNA、Taq DNA聚合酶对扩增结果的影响,建立了适合胡椒ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25 μL反应体系中,内含2 mmol/L Mg2+、200 μmol/L dNTPS、1×PCR Buffer、2 μmol/L引物、100 ng模板、1 U Taq DNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性3 min, 94℃变性120 s,复性60 s,72℃延伸 3 min,循环35个,结束后72℃延伸7 min。这一优化体系的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行胡椒种质鉴定、遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以假臭草叶片为材料，对影响其随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)反应的各因素进行优化，建立了假臭草RAPD的优化反应体系和程序，即在10 μL反应体系中，5 ng(/10 μL)模板DNA，1.0 μmol/L随机引物F15，150 μmol/L dNTPs，2.0 mmol/L Mg2+，1.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶；扩增程序为95℃预变性4 min，95℃变性40 s，36℃退火40 s，72℃延伸1 min，10个循环，后94℃变性30 s，35℃退火30 s，72℃延伸1 min，35个循环，72℃ 相似文献
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采用正交试验L16（43）设计,以dNTP、引物和Taq DNA聚合酶3种因素4个水平,并设置了8个模板DNA浓度梯度。扩增效果表明,红麻的SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系为2μL 10＆#215;Taq Reaction Buffer、20 ng模板DNA、 dNTP 220μmol/L、引物0.35μmol/L、 Taq DNA聚合酶0.5 U,总体积为20μL。同时对256对SRAP引物进行扩增,筛选出条带清晰、多态性较好的引物100对。该反应体系及100对多态性引物组合应用于今后红麻的遗传多样性、品种鉴定、亲缘关系、遗传图谱构建、 QTL定位等研究。 相似文献
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以茶树叶片DNA为模板,采用正交试验设计,以Mg2+、引物、dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、模板DNA 5种因素5个水平,对茶树SRAP反应体系进行了研究,建立了茶树SRAP最佳反应体系。结果表明,茶树SRAP最佳反应体系为:Mg+22.0mmol/L、引物各0.5μmol/L、dNTP 0.1mmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶0.5U/μL、模板DNA 4ng/μL,总体积为10μL。运用该体系,从128个SRAP引物组合中筛选出扩增条带清晰、多态性丰富的56个引物组合。这一体系的建立及引物组合的筛选为今后利用SRAP标记技术进行茶树分子遗传学研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为了建立显性多子房小麦RAPD反应的最佳体系,保证反应结果的稳定性和可靠性,降低反应成本,在相同PCR扩增程序(94℃预变性5min,94℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,45个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存)下,对多子房小麦基因组DNA的RAPD扩增体系各参数进行比较筛选,创建其最佳反应体系为:25μl反应体系中,模板DNA50ng,10×PCR缓冲液2.5μl,dNTPs0.2mmol/L,Taq酶1u,Mg2+浓度为2.0mmol/L,ddH2O12.17μl,随机引物10ng。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献