We reviewed information on dairy cattle production systems in the tropics, the factors involved, and their influence on milk composition. Genetic factors had greater influence on milk production; specialized breeds produced more milk, and there was an inverse relation between the content of fat, protein, total solids, and the amount of milk produced. Season was related to the availability of forage, and the type of grazing system. Greater pasture area increased individual production, while a greater supply of feed concentrate did not increase milk production. The number of calvings positively affected milk production through the fifth calving, with subsequent declines in production. Milk production increased to a maximum and then declined as lactation progressed. Specialized systems had higher production and better hygienic milk quality; milking and container equipment are critical for maintaining milk sanitary quality. Factor interaction is highly complex, preventing the generation of specific recommendations and general principles applicable to the specific conditions for each system.
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目的 对高效液相色谱法测定巴氏杀菌乳中糠氨酸含量的不确定度进行评定。方法 依据《NY/T939—2016 巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳中复原乳的鉴定》测定巴氏杀菌乳中糠氨酸的含量。通过建立数学模型,全面分析试验过程中各不确定度的来源,并对其进行量化评定,计算合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果 当牛奶中糠氨酸含量为7.3 mg/100 g 蛋白质时,测量结果的扩展不确定度为0.4 mg/100 g蛋白质（k=2）。结论 方法中测量不确定度的主要来源为糠氨酸标准物质称量、标准工作液的配制、标准曲线的拟合和样品水解液中蛋白质含量测定终点判定。 相似文献
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选取我国东南某乳品企业特优级(A+)生乳,采用不同巴氏杀菌温度74℃、75℃、76℃、77℃、78℃、79℃和80℃(15 s保持时间),检测杀菌乳中的热敏感物质糠氨酸、碱性磷酸酶、乳过氧化物酶和乳中生物活性物质免疫球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、ɑ-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白的含量.试验结果显示,优质乳在74℃和75℃杀菌条件下活性物... 相似文献
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采用利乐多功能巴氏杀菌机对生乳进行温度72 ℃、73 ℃、74 ℃、75 ℃、80 ℃的巴氏杀菌,研究了杀菌后样品的菌落总数、糠氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性、乳铁蛋白含量等指标的变化。研究表明：72 ℃、73 ℃杀菌后,菌落总数无显著差异,而74 ℃、75 ℃、80 ℃有显著性下降;随着加热温度的升高,糠氨酸含量有显著性增加;过氧化物酶活性随着杀菌温度的升高而显著性下降,在80 ℃时仅为126 U/L; 72 ℃、73 ℃、74 ℃和75 ℃杀菌后,乳铁蛋白含量无显著性变化,而在80 ℃时有显著性下降。 相似文献
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检测牛奶中的糠氨酸含量可以评价牛奶的热处理强度。本文建立高效液相色谱法,在波长280 nm下测定牛奶中糠氨酸的含量。试验结果表明：采用外标法定量,当浓度为0.06~4.00 mg/L,吸光度与糠氨酸质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.999 7;糠氨酸在5 mg/L、10 mg/L、15 mg/L、30 mg/L添加水平的回收率在91.48%~91.73%之间,RSD值在0.13%~0.37% 之间;方法的检出限为1.5 mg/100 g蛋白质,测得结果与第三方机构检测结果偏差小于1.00%,适用于乳品企业对糠氨酸的日常检测。 相似文献
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《新疆畜牧业》2017,(2)
用国标法测定了乌鲁木齐市米东区某养殖户6份生驴乳及某企业3份巴氏杀菌驴乳理化和微生物指标,结果表明:生驴乳平均含脂肪(0.26±0.28)g/100g、蛋白质(1.62±0.11)g/100g、乳糖(6.50±0.32)g/100g、灰分(0.43±0.03)g/100g;酸度(2.52±0.82)°T、冰点(-0.530±0.006)℃;菌落总数(5.5万±1.8万)cfu/ml、大肠菌群(90±56)cfu/ml。巴氏杀菌驴乳平均含脂肪0.14g/100g、蛋白质1.85g/100g、乳糖7.16g/100g、非脂乳固体9.69g/100g,菌落总数129cfu/ml、大肠菌群1cfu/ml。文章还对驴乳的脂肪含量和微生物指标进行讨论,并提出大力推广巴氏杀菌驴乳的建议。 相似文献
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为掌握牦牛乳常规营养成分以及不同成分间的相关关系,为下一步牦牛乳用性能选育提供理论基础,本试验对青海高原型牦牛纯放牧条件下(7月底)牦牛乳成分进行了测定,利用SPSS软件对各营养成分间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明∶纯放牧条件下,牦牛乳乳脂率为7.42±1.8956%,乳蛋白率为3.91±0.1619%,乳糖为5.88±0.2375%,非脂乳固体为10.78±0.4238%,密度为1033.45±2.3144kg/m^3,冰点为-0.7377±0.0346℃,盐为0.82±0.041%,电导率为4.74±0.0821s/m。相关性分析表明乳脂肪与密度和盐呈极显著负相关,乳蛋白质、乳糖、非脂乳固体、密度、盐两两间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),冰点与乳糖、乳蛋白、非脂乳固体呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),冰点与密度和盐没有相关性,电导率与各乳成分之间没有相关性。 相似文献
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For food evaluation the determination of the number of Staphylococcus aureus (hereinafter S. aureus) colonies is insufficient in view of present scientific knowledge. The results, advantages and shortcomings of diagnostic methods are demonstrated on an example of three methods of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. 133 strains were investigated by the method of biotyping of S. aureus strains. Four strains of S. aureus were included in biotype A, seven xin-producing strains were isolated seventeen times by detection of 96 S. aureus strains were not included in any biotype, the other strains belonged to biotypes C and E. This method can be used as an auxiliary method of evaluation of foods containing S. aureus bacteria. The agar-gel precipitation method of enterotoxin detection in isolated strains of S. aureus has just restricted validity. The enteroto-strains. The main shortcoming of this method is a fact that the result concerning the isolated strains need not be identical with the result of enterotoxin detection in food. Direct assays of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products using an enzymoimmunological method seem to be the most promising, mainly due to their high sensitivity (0.0001-0.001 micrograms.ml1-) and other advantages. Positive and negative results are presented on an example of two model trials with winter sheep milk cheese. 相似文献
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随着人们生活水平不断提高,对奶的需求也在逐步增加,乳牛饲养在辽宁省迅速发展起来.为满足市场需求解决供求之间的矛盾,在大力发展乳牛数量的同时,要不断改进乳牛的培育方法. 相似文献
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用气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC MS)对牦牛乳、黑白花奶牛乳、犏牛乳及牦牛乳制品（奶油、酥油、曲拉、酸奶）中的脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,牦牛乳中功能性脂肪酸,如共轭亚油酸（CLA）、亚油酸（LA）、α 亚麻酸（ALA）、γ 亚麻酸（GLA）占总脂肪酸的比重均显著高于犏牛乳和黑白花奶牛乳（P＜0.05）;犏牛乳中ω 6/ω 3 PUFA的比值（1.55）略高于牦牛乳（1.54）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但都在最佳膳食平衡比值范围内,黑白花奶牛乳中ω 6/ω 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比值（11.33）超过了推荐最佳比值。加工处理能够改变乳制品脂肪酸的构成,如牦牛乳奶油中检测出原奶中所不含的一种亚油酸（18:2Δ8c,11c）。酥油主要以不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）为主,而曲拉主要以饱和脂肪酸（SFA）为主,牦牛酸奶中没有检测到GLA。 相似文献
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Ramírez-Rivera E. J. Rodríguez-Miranda J. Huerta-Mora I. R. Cárdenas-Cágal A. Juárez-Barrientos J. M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1295-1305
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Milk immunoglobulins were extracted from the stained cream layer of positive milk ring tests from experimentally inoculated or naturally infected cows. IgA was always found, associated with IgM in most cases (15/17) and with IgG in a smaller number of cases (11/17). An additional incubation at 20 degrees C for 18 h gave clearer positive and negative results and a lower limit of detection than that of the usual milk ring test. 相似文献
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The survival of Brucella abortus in milk and milk products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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