共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
计算了α－蒎烯异构化反应的键能，在对择形催化剂XC－901HMC－60的酸性质、α－蒎烯异构化产物分布及动力学方程分析讨论的基础上，探讨了蒎烯择形催化异构化机理。 相似文献
2.
化学气相沉积法修饰13X分子筛上α—蒎烯的异构化反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用经化学气相沉积法修饰的一系列１３Ｘ分子筛催化α－蒎烯的异构化反应。发现随着ＣＶＤ处理时间的增加，ＳｉＯ２沉积量增加，烯的选择性提高。 相似文献
3.
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性。通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%。实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响。适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶1、硫酸浓度0.5mol/L、焙烧温度600℃。用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂。作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨。优化的工艺条件:反应时间1～2h、反应温度130℃±2℃、催化剂用量3%。该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%。此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况。 相似文献
4.
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性.通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%.实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶ 1、硫酸浓度0.5 mol/L、焙烧温度600 ℃.用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂.作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨.优化的工艺条件:反应时间1～2 h、反应温度130 ℃±2 ℃、催化剂用量3%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%.此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况. 相似文献
5.
复合型固体超强酸SO
/ZrO2-TiO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
/ZrO2-TiO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(2):15-19
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性.通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%.实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶
1、硫酸浓度0.5 mol/L、焙烧温度600 ℃.用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂.作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨.优化的工艺条件反应时间1～2
h、反应温度130 ℃±2 ℃、催化剂用量3%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%.此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况. 相似文献
6.
八面沸石在精细有机合成中的催化作用——DUSY 催化α-蒎烯异构的动力学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了脱铝超稳Ｙ沸石催化α蒎烯异构化反应的动力学特征。考察了催化剂剂铝比及反应条件对转化率、产物分布的影响。动力学研究表明，以四氢呋喃作溶剂，α－蒎烯在ＤＵＳＹ－１（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝７．４１）催化剂上的异构化服从准一级动力学模型，并经最小二乘法处理数据得到反应的表观活化能力１４４．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。 相似文献
7.
8.
概述了近20年来国内外对催化α-蒎烯氧化反应过程的研究,重点分析了α-蒎烯氧化中催化剂的性能特点及产物分布规律,总结了过渡金属盐、氧化物、配合物、分子筛及杂多酸在α-蒎烯氧化中的催化作用,比较了催化活性及选择性的特点,并初步探讨了发展趋势.提出在已有的α-蒎烯氧化反应催化剂中,分子筛类催化剂在制备方法和工业化发展上有一定的优势,深入研究过渡金属化合物在α-蒎烯氧化反应的催化性能及调变方法,应是α-蒎烯氧化反应中值得重点关注的研究内容. 相似文献
9.
α—蒎烯催化异构制备双戊烯的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以１３Ｘ钠型分子筛为催化剂、α－蒎烯为原料制备双戊烯。探讨α－蒎烯异构化反应制备双戊烯的工艺，考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂处理方式、催化剂用量以及催化剂的颗粒大小对α－蒎烯异构产物分布的影响，确定了适宜的工艺条件。同时对反应机理作了初步的探讨。 相似文献
10.
研究了在脱铝超稳Y分子筛（DUSY）（SiO2/Al2O3)催化剂上α-蒎烯与C1-C4醇的烷氧基化反应，在DUSY催化下α-蒎烯与醇的烷氧基化反应能顺利发生，该反应中的主要烷氧基化产物是α-松油醚，菠基醚；异构化主要产物是Ling烯，醇分子结构和反应时间对烷氧基化反应的选择性有一定的影响，甲氧基化反应的溶剂效应和温度效应也是显著的。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献