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1.
计算了α－蒎烯异构化反应的键能，在对择形催化剂XC－901HMC－60的酸性质、α－蒎烯异构化产物分布及动力学方程分析讨论的基础上，探讨了蒎烯择形催化异构化机理。 相似文献
2.
化学气相沉积法修饰13X分子筛上α—蒎烯的异构化反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用经化学气相沉积法修饰的一系列１３Ｘ分子筛催化α－蒎烯的异构化反应。发现随着ＣＶＤ处理时间的增加，ＳｉＯ２沉积量增加，烯的选择性提高。 相似文献
3.
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性。通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%。实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响。适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶1、硫酸浓度0.5mol/L、焙烧温度600℃。用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂。作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨。优化的工艺条件:反应时间1～2h、反应温度130℃±2℃、催化剂用量3%。该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%。此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况。 相似文献
4.
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性.通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%.实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶ 1、硫酸浓度0.5 mol/L、焙烧温度600 ℃.用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂.作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨.优化的工艺条件:反应时间1～2 h、反应温度130 ℃±2 ℃、催化剂用量3%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%.此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况. 相似文献
5.
复合型固体超强酸SO
/ZrO2-TiO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
/ZrO2-TiO2催化α-蒎烯异构反应研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(2):15-19
SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应有很高的催化活性和较好的选择性.通过GC-MS分析,异构反应的主产物是莰烯,副产物主要是三环烯和α-松油烯,另有6种产物,含量在1%～6%.实验考察了该催化剂的制备条件如钛与锆物质的量比、硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂的制备条件不同,对莰烯选择性和α-蒎烯转化率有较大影响.适宜的催化剂制备条件是钛∶锆为4∶
1、硫酸浓度0.5 mol/L、焙烧温度600 ℃.用上述条件所制的SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2复合型固体超强酸作为α-蒎烯异构化反应的催化剂.作者对影响反应过程的主要因素进行了探讨.优化的工艺条件反应时间1～2
h、反应温度130 ℃±2 ℃、催化剂用量3%.该条件下α-蒎烯转化率96.58%,莰烯选择性57.39%.此外,还考察了催化剂放置时间对异构产物的影响和催化剂重复使用情况. 相似文献
6.
7.
八面沸石在精细有机合成中的催化作用——DUSY 催化α-蒎烯异构的动力学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了脱铝超稳Ｙ沸石催化α蒎烯异构化反应的动力学特征。考察了催化剂剂铝比及反应条件对转化率、产物分布的影响。动力学研究表明，以四氢呋喃作溶剂，α－蒎烯在ＤＵＳＹ－１（ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝７．４１）催化剂上的异构化服从准一级动力学模型，并经最小二乘法处理数据得到反应的表观活化能力１４４．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。 相似文献
8.
概述了近20年来国内外对催化α-蒎烯氧化反应过程的研究,重点分析了α-蒎烯氧化中催化剂的性能特点及产物分布规律,总结了过渡金属盐、氧化物、配合物、分子筛及杂多酸在α-蒎烯氧化中的催化作用,比较了催化活性及选择性的特点,并初步探讨了发展趋势.提出在已有的α-蒎烯氧化反应催化剂中,分子筛类催化剂在制备方法和工业化发展上有一定的优势,深入研究过渡金属化合物在α-蒎烯氧化反应的催化性能及调变方法,应是α-蒎烯氧化反应中值得重点关注的研究内容. 相似文献
9.
α—蒎烯催化异构制备双戊烯的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以１３Ｘ钠型分子筛为催化剂、α－蒎烯为原料制备双戊烯。探讨α－蒎烯异构化反应制备双戊烯的工艺，考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂处理方式、催化剂用量以及催化剂的颗粒大小对α－蒎烯异构产物分布的影响，确定了适宜的工艺条件。同时对反应机理作了初步的探讨。 相似文献
10.
研究了在脱铝超稳Y分子筛（DUSY）（SiO2/Al2O3)催化剂上α-蒎烯与C1-C4醇的烷氧基化反应，在DUSY催化下α-蒎烯与醇的烷氧基化反应能顺利发生，该反应中的主要烷氧基化产物是α-松油醚，菠基醚；异构化主要产物是Ling烯，醇分子结构和反应时间对烷氧基化反应的选择性有一定的影响，甲氧基化反应的溶剂效应和温度效应也是显著的。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献