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鸭瘟本是鸭的一种急性败血性传染病,在同病鸭密切接触的情况下,鹅也会感染发病,鹅的鸭瘟病以流泪、头颈肿大、泄殖腔溃烂为主要特征. (一)病原的特征 该病由鸭瘟病毒感染引起,存在于病鸭(鹅)的各个内脏器官、血液、分泌物、排泄物中.鸭瘟病毒不耐热,但对低温抵抗力较强,对乙醚和氯仿敏感,对常用的消毒药抵抗力不大. 相似文献
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2006年美国大陆有惊人数量的蜜蜂群死亡.随后的调查推测,这种不明原因的蜂群消失至少在最近两年是养蜂人经历过的.到2007年春季全美国有20多个州报道了蜜蜂灾难性的损失.蜜蜂飞出去采集花粉和花蜜,却神秘地不再返回蜂巢,目前还查不出原因.这种情况经过媒体的报道,特别是在万维网上迅速的传播(到2007年7月上旬"谷歌"网上已有621 000项关于蜜蜂神秘失踪的报道),引起了世界各国的科学家、养蜂企业和农场主的关怀. 相似文献
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能用作军犬的犬种并没有严格的标准,广义地来说,只要能被训练后用在军事事务如:追踪、鉴别、警戒、看守、巡逻、搜捕、通讯、携弹、侦破、搜查毒品、爆炸物等任务,都可被认可为军犬.特别是在战场上,只要能作战就算是军犬.…… 相似文献
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2007年5月15日园主前来我医院咨询,主诉:昆明动物园有一金钱豹,猫科,雌性,体重60 kg,年龄15岁,毛色金钱带黄棕色,不食有2 d,且呕吐、不排便、精神沉郁,曾用一些抗生素治疗无效,我院随园主前往治疗,现将总体情况表述如下: 相似文献
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巢脾是蜜蜂蜂巢的主要组成部分,其主要作用是繁殖幼蜂和贮藏蜂蜜、花粉.如不对以下异常巢脾及时妥当处理,则会严重影响蜂蜜的产量和质量,降低养蜂收益. 相似文献
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2006年12月初北安市杨家乡某猪场有38头猪食欲减退,体温升高到39℃左右,常突然卧地不起,呈侧仰状,耳、鼻、四肢冰凉;眼结膜潮红,口唇皮肤呈青紫色,肌肉颤抖,触之尖叫;颈脊椎骨稍强直,前肢软弱、呈游泳状,后肢麻木无力。有2头母猪和12只仔猪因医治不及时死亡。1治疗措施后即可运动自如,食欲明显增强。之后,每天颈肌注射复方当归针(10毫升)2支、祖师麻(10毫升)2支,一次注射,连续3天好转。2预防在寒冷低温季节,多给猪铺垫稻草等保暖物,让猪多晒太阳,并适当通风换气,同时,加强营养,并在新鲜饲料中添加微量元素。(012)猪冬季颈椎风湿症的治疗措施… 相似文献
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Low capacity, high affinity [3H] dexamethasone binding receptors were identified in cytosolic preparations of liver (mean number 45±10·1 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 0·4±0·1 nM) and skin (mean number 46·4±23·8 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 1 ± 0·2 nM) of clinically normal dogs. For clinically normal cats, approximately half these numbers of receptors with a lower affinity, were detected in liver (mean number 23·1±10·4 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 3·2±0·9 nM) and skin (mean number 23·90±10·9 fmol mg−1 protein, apparent dissociation constant 2·2±1·5 nM). This difference between dogs and cats in [3H] dexamethasone binding receptors may contribute to the relative glucocorticoid resistance observed in cats. 相似文献
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Pan Sun Hongzhi Xiao Jianzhong Wang Suxia Zhang Xingyuan Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):237-240
The pharmacokinetics of carbetocin, which is used to control postpartum hemorrhage after giving birth, was studied in cows and gilts after a single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Blood samples from animals were assessed by oxytocin radioimmunoassay, and then the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental model. For gilts, there was no significant difference between half-life (T1/2λZ), mean residue time (MRT), and maximum concentration (Cmax) between IM and IV administration. Conversely, the time to reach the Cmax (Tmax) and MRT were higher following administration of 350 μg/animal in cows via the IM administration compared with IV. The longest T1/2λZ was 0.85 hr, indicating carbetocin was absorbed and eliminated rapidly in both animal species after administration. The Tmax was similar between cows and gilts following IM administration. Moreover, the Cmax after IM injection was about half that of IV administration in both animals. The bioavailability was more than 80% in cows, suggesting administration via the IM route is efficient. This is in agreement with the longer T1/2λZ in cows after IM administration. However, the IV route is recommended for gilts due to a lower bioavailability (35%) and shorter T1/2λZ after IM administration compared with IV. 相似文献
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Infections caused by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Wild birds can act as reservoirs of both pathogens. A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The overall prevalence detected for Campylobacter was 5.9% (18/306; CI95%: 3.25–8.52) in decoys and 2.3% (9/387; CI95%: 0.82–3.83) in wild raptors. Isolates were identified as C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari in both bird groups. Salmonella was isolated in 3.3% (10/306; CI95%: 2.3–4.3) and 4.6% (18/394; CI95%: 3.5–5.6) of the decoys and raptors, respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium were the most frequently identified serovars, although Salmonella serovars Anatum, Bredeney, London and Mikawasima were also isolated. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of isolates showed higher genetic diversity within Campylobacter species compared to Salmonella serovars. Campylobacter isolates showed resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, while resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline was found in Salmonella isolates. The results indicate that both decoys and raptors can act as natural carriers of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Spain, which may have important implications for public and animal health. 相似文献
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Canine babesiosis caused by different Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Historically, Babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. All large forms of Babesia were designated Babesia canis, whereas all small forms of Babesia were considered to be Babesia gibsoni. However, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other Babesia species such as Babesia conradae, Babesia microti like piroplasm, Theileria spp. and a yet unnamed large form Babesia spp. infect dogs and cause distinct diseases. Babesia rossi, B. canis and Babesia vogeli previously considered as subspecies are identical morphologically but differ in the severity of clinical manifestations which they induce, their tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions, and are therefore currently considered separate species. The geographic distribution of the causative agent and thus the occurrence of babesiosis are largely dependent on the habitat of relevant tick vector species, with the exception of B. gibsoni where evidence for dog to dog transmission indicates that infection can be transmitted among fighting dog breeds independently of the limitations of vector tick infestation. Knowledge of the prevalence and clinicopathological aspects of Babesia species infecting dogs around the world is of epidemiologic and medical interest. Babesiosis in domestic cats is less common and has mostly been reported from South Africa where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus. In addition, Babesia cati was reported from India and sporadic cases of B. canis infection in domestic cats have been reported in Europe, B. canis presentii in Israel and B. vogeli in Thailand. Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. Clinical and parasitological cure are often not achieved in the treatment of small Babesia species infections and clinical relapses are frequent. The spectrum of Babesia pathogens that infect dogs and cats is gradually being elucidated with the aid of molecular techniques and meticulous clinical investigation. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the correct therapy and prediction of the course of disease. 相似文献
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Elsie M. Denton Brenda S. Smith Erik P. Hamerlynck Roger L. Sheley 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(1):25-34
Our ability to restore rangelands is limited, and it is unknown if seedling herbivory on its own, or in interaction with other stressors, is a major contributor to restoration failure. To address this, we conducted two experiments: a No Defoliation (ND) experiment (n = 48), in which seedlings from three perennial grasses (crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum {(L.} Gaertn.], bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegnaria spicata {Pursh} Á. Love], Sandberg bluegrass [Poa secunda J Presl]) were subjected to wet and dry water regimes for 4 mo, and a concurrent Defoliation (D) experiment (n = 95), in which seedlings were factorially assigned to two defoliation treatments—frequency (LOW, HIGH) and intensity (30% vegetation removal, 70% vegetation removal). Indicators of seedling performance were aboveground and belowground biomass (AGB and BGB), root:shoot ratio, tillering, and mortality. The effect size statistic, Hedge’s g, allowed for comparisons between performance measures. Water stress induced reductions in most performance measures: BGB (g = ND: –1.3; D: –1.6), root:shoot ratio (g = ND: n.s.; D: –0.2), and tillering (g = ND: –1.7; D: –1.2), though not significantly for all species. For ABG, water stress interacted with defoliation, reducing performance less at an intensity of 70% (g = –2.0) as opposed to 30% (g = –3.0), but not always significantly in the former. Water stress also caused less reduction in AGB when no defoliation occurred (ND: –0.8; g = D: –2.5). Intensity and frequency of defoliation interacted; seedlings were generally resistant to reductions in performance except at high frequency, 70% defoliation. Agropyron cristatum and P. spicata displayed similar sensitivity to treatments, mostly in terms of changes in AGB and BGB, while P. secunda also experienced increased mortality and reduced tillering. If these differences in sensitivity result in differential survival, herbivory could impact species postrestoration population demographics. 相似文献
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深入研究了当归属及其相关7属,古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,独活属,欧当归属,山芹属及前胡属毛状体和果实结构。结果显示毛状体及果实结构(如:毛状体细胞,翅,油管,维管束,中果皮,内果皮,结合面及结晶)可以用于区分当归属及其相关类群。滇南当归及隆萼当归应从当归属移入独活属,其余当归属物种分为结合面宽及结合面窄两组,前者与前胡属较为相似,但与独活属差别较大,后者与古当归属,高山芹属,柳叶芹属,欧当归属有相似之处。支持分子系统学揭示的当归属不是个自然类群,当归属与前胡属共同位于当归分支,而独活属位于独活分支。山芹属果实结构与其他属不同,翅的中果皮无细胞,且伴生油管位于维管束内侧,为分子系统学显示此属与高山芹属,柳叶芹属,及欧当归属亲缘关系较远提供了形态学依据。 相似文献
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This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and
Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning
weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth
traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal
heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively.
Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in
Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility
traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist. 相似文献
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T. Potter J. Illambas L. Pelligand A. Rycroft P. Lees 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(1):53-58
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of marbofloxacin were established in calves for six strains of each of the pneumonia pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. The distribution of marbofloxacin into inflamed (exudate) and non-inflamed (transudate) tissue cage fluids allowed comparison with the serum concentration–time profile. To establish the PD profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) and calf serum.Moderately higher MICs were obtained for serum compared to MHB. An initial integration of PK–PD data established Cmax/MIC ratios of 45.0 and AUC24h/MIC values of 174.7 h, based on serum MICs, for both bacterial species. Using bacterial time-kill curves, generated ex vivo for serum marbofloxacin concentrations, PK–PD modelling established three levels of growth inhibition: AUC24h/MIC ratios for no reduction, 3 log10 and 4 log10 reductions in bacterial count from the initial inoculum count were 41.9, 59.5 and 68.0 h for M. haemolytica and 48.6, 64.9 and 74.8 h for P. multocida, on average respectively. Inter-strain variability for 3 log10 and 4 log10 reductions in bacterial count was smaller for P. multocida than for M. haemolytica. In conjunction with literature data on MIC90 values, the present results allowed prediction of dosages for efficacy for each organism for the three levels of growth inhibition. 相似文献