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1.
土壤水分特征曲线的分形模拟 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Many empirical models have been developed to describe the soil water retention curve （SWRC）. In this study, a fractal model for SWRC was derived with a specially constructed Menger sponge to describe the fractal scaling behavior of soil; relationships were established among the fractal dimension of SWRC, the fractal dimension of soil mass, and soil texture; and the model was used to estimate SWRC with the estimated results being compared to experimental data for verification. The derived fractal model was in a power-law form, similar to the Brooks-Corey and Campbell empirical functions. Experimental data of particle size distribution （PSD）, texture, and soil water retention for 10 soils collected at different places in China were used to estimate the fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension were linearly related. Also, both of the fractal dimensions were dependent on soil texture, i.e., clay and sand contents. Expressions were proposed to quantify the relationships. Based on the relationships, four methods were used to determine the fractal dimension of SWRC and the model was applied to estimate soil water content at a wide range of tension values. The estimated results compared well with the measured data having relative errors less than 10% for over 60% of the measurements. Thus, this model, estimating the fractal dimension using soil textural data, offered an alternative for predicting SWRC. 相似文献
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基于土壤质地数据估算土壤保水性能Van Genuchten参数 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The van Genuchten (vG) function is often used to describe the soil water retention curve (SWRC) of unsaturated soils and fractured rock. The objective of this study was to develop a method to determine the vG model parameter m from the fractal dimension. We compared two approaches previously proposed by van Genuchten and Lenhard et al. for estimating m from the pore size distribution index of the Brooks and Corey (BC) model. In both approaches we used a relationship between the pore size distribution index of the BC model and the fractal dimension of the SWRC. A dataset containing 75 samples from the UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic database was used to evaluate the two approaches. The statistical parameters showed that the approach by Lenhard et al. provided better estimates of the parameter m. Another dataset containing 72 samples from the literature was used to validate Lenhard’s approach in which the SWRC fractal dimension was estimated from the clay content. The estimated SWRC of the second dataset was compared with those obtained with the Rosetta model using sand, silt, and clay contents. Root mean square error values of the proposed fractal approach and Rosetta were 0.081 and 0.136, respectively, indicating that the proposed fractal approach performed better than the Rosetta model. 相似文献
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从连续的粒径大小分布数据估算土壤水分特征曲线 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Soil moisture characteristic curve (SMC) is a fundamental soil property and its direct measurement is tedious and time consuming. Therefore, various indirect methods have been developed to predict SMC from particle-size distribution (PSD). However, the majority of these methods often yield intermittent SMC data because they involve estimating individual SMC points. The objectives of this study were 1) to develop a procedure to predict continuous SMC from a limited number of experimental PSD data points and 2) to evaluate model predictions through comparisons with measured values. In this study, an approach that allowed predicting SMC from the knowledge of PSD, parameterized by means of the closed-form van Genuchten model (VG), was used. Through using Mohammadi and Vanclooster (MV) model, the parameters obtained from fitting of VG to PSD data were applied to predict SMC curves. Since the residual water content (θ r ) could not be obtained through fitting of VG-MV integrated model to PSD data, we also examined and compared four different methods estimating θ r . Results showed that the proposed equation (MV-VG integrated model) provided an excellent fit to all the PSD data and the model could adequately predict SMC as measured in forty-two soils sampled from different regions of Iran. For all soils, the method in which θ r was obtained through parameter optimization procedure provided the best overall predictions of SMC. The two methods estimating θ r with Campbell and Shiozawa (CS) model resulted in less accuracy than the optimization procedure. Furthermore, the proposed model underestimated the moisture content in the dry range of SMC when the value of θ r was assumed to equal zero. θ r could be attributed to the incomplete desorption of water coated on soil particles and the accurate estimation of θ r was critical in prediction of SMC, especially for fine-textured soils at high suction heads. It could be concluded that the advantages of our approach were the continuity, robustness, and independency of model performance on soil type, allowing to improve predictions of SMC from PSD at the field and watershed scales. 相似文献
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基于人工神经网络的数据处理和多目标群方法用土壤传递函数(PTFs)估算保水性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pedotransfer functions(PTFs) have been developed to estimate soil water retention curves(SWRC) by various techniques.In this study PTFs were developed to estimate the parameters(θ s,θ r,α and λ) of the Brooks and Corey model from a data set of 148 samples.Particle and aggregate size distribution fractal parameters(PSDFPs and ASDFPs,respectively) were computed from three fractal models for either particle or aggregate size distribution.The most effective model in each group was determined by sensitivity analysis.Along with the other variables,the selected fractal parameters were employed to estimate SWRC using multi-objective group method of data handling(mGMDH) and different topologies of artificial neural networks(ANNs).The architecture of ANNs for parametric PTFs was different regarding the type of ANN,output layer transfer functions and the number of hidden neurons.Each parameter was estimated using four PTFs by the hierarchical entering of input variables in the PTFs.The inclusion of PSDFPs in the list of inputs improved the accuracy and reliability of parametric PTFs with the exception of θ s.The textural fraction variables in PTF1 for the estimation of α were replaced with PSDFPs in PTF3.The use of ASDFPs as inputs significantly improved α estimates in the model.This result highlights the importance of ASDFPs in developing parametric PTFs.The mGMDH technique performed significantly better than ANNs in most PTFs. 相似文献
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作物根系层土壤水分模拟的经验-机理模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To predict soil water variation in the crop root zone,a general exponential recession (GER) model was developed to depict the recession process of soil water storage.Incorporating the GER model into the mass balance model for soil water,a GER-based physicoempirical (PE-GER) model was proposed for simulating soil water variation in the crop root zone.The PE-GER model was calibrated and validated with experimental data of winter wheat in North China.Simulation results agreed well with the field experiment results,as well as were consistent with the simulation results from a more thoroughly developed soil water balance model which required more detailed parameters and inputs.Compared with a previously developed simple exponential recession (SER) based physicoempirical (PE-SER) model,PE-GER was more suitable for application in a broad range of soil texture,from light soil to heavy soil.Practical application of PE-GER showed that PE-GER could provide a convenient way to simulate and predict the variation of soil water storage in the crop root zone,especially in case of insufficient data for conceptual or hydrodynamic models. 相似文献
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M. P. C. ENGLER R. CICHOTA Q. DE JONG VAN LIER E. M. BLOEM G. SPAROVEK E. SCHNUG 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):328-334
A new laboratory method was proposed to establish an easily performed standard for the determination of mobile soil water close to real conditions during the infiltration and redistribution of water in a soil. It consisted of applying a water volume with a tracer ion on top of an undisturbed ring sample on a pressure plate under a known suction or pressure head. Afterwards, soil water mobility was determined by analyzing the tracer-ion concentration in the soil sample. Soil water mobility showed to be a function of the applied water volume. No relation between soil water mobility and applied pressure head could be established with data from the present cxperiment. A simple one- or two-parameter equation can be fitted to the experimental data to parameterize soil water mobility as a function of applied solute volume. Sandy soils showed higher mobility than loamy＂ soils at low values of applied solute volumes, and both sandy and loamy soils showed an almost complete mobility at high applied solute volumes. 相似文献
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An understanding of soil thermal conductivity after a wildfire or controlled burn is important to land management and post-fire recovery efforts. Although soil thermal conductivity has been well studied for non-fire heated soils, comprehensive data that evaluate the long-term effect of extreme heating from a fire on the soil thermal conductivity are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of fire on the effective thermal conductivity of soils by directly comparing fire-heated and no-fire control soils through a series of laboratory studies. The thermal conductivity was measured for ten soil samples from two sites within the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA, for a range of water contents from saturation to the residual degree of saturation. The thermal conductivity measured was compared with independent estimates made using three empirical models from literature, including the Campbell et al.(1994), Cté and Konrad(2005), and Massman et al.(2008) models. Results demonstrate that for the test soils studied, the thermal conductivity of the fire-heated soils was slightly lower than that of the control soils for all observed water contents.Modeling results show that the Campbell et al.(1994) model gave the best agreement over the full range of water contents when proper fitting parameters were employed. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of including the influence of fire burn on the thermal properties of soils in modeling studies. 相似文献
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地膜覆盖滴灌棉田土壤上水分动态的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Drip irrigation under plastic mulch has been widely applied in arid Northwest China as a water-saving irrigation technology.A comprehensive knowledge of the distribution and movement of soil water in root zone is essential for the design and management of irrigation regimes.Simulation models have been proved to be efcient methods for this purpose.In this study,the numerical model Hydrus -2D was used to simulate the temporal variations of soil water content in a drip irrigated cotton field under mulching.A concept of partitioning coefcient,calibrated to be 0.07,was introduced to describe the efect of plastic mulch on prevention of evaporation.The soil hydraulic parameters were optimized by inverse solution using the field data.At the optimized conditions,the model was used to predict soil water content for four field treatments.The agreements between the predictions and observations were evaluated using coefcient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE).The results suggested that the model fairly reproduced the variations in soil water content at all locations in four treatments,with R2 ranging from 0.582 to 0.826 and RMSE from 0.029 to 0.050 cm3 cm-3,indicating that the simulations agreed well with the observations. 相似文献
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Mehdi ZANGIABADI Manoochehr GORJI Mehdi SHORAFA Saeed KHAVARI KHORASANI Saeed SAADAT 《土壤圈》2020,30(2):253-262
Soil pore size distribution(SPSD) is one of the most important soil physical properties. This research investigated the relationships of location and shape parameters of the SPSD curves with plant-available water(PAW) and least limiting water range(LLWR) of the light-textured soils at the Torogh Agricultural Research Station in north-eastern Iran. Soil moisture release curve(SMRC), PAW and LLWR in matric heads of 100 and 330 h Pa for the field capacity and location and shape parameters of the SPSD curves of 30 soils with different texture and organic carbon contents were determined, and the variable relationships were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the median equivalent pore diameter(de), mean de, standard deviation(SD*), and skewness of the SPSD curves were significantly correlated with PAW(PAW330) and LLWR(LLWR330) measured in a matric head of 330 h Pa. Decrease in deand increase in the diversity of soil pore size(SD*) increased PAW330 and LLWR330. The SD* values of all the soil samples were lower than the optimal ranges suggested in literature. Neither PAW nor LLWR values were significantly different in the soils with the optimal modal deand those with non-optimal modal de. Optimal values of median and mean equivalent pore diameters and kurtosis of SPSD curves led to a significant improvement of PAW330 and LLWR330 as soil physical quality indicators. It was recommended to revise the optimal ranges for SD* and modal defor future studies. 相似文献
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用于估算伊朗盐土和盐碱土土壤水分特征曲线的土壤传递函数(PTFs)研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil water retention data are essential for irrigation scheduling and determination of irrigation frequency.However,direct measurement of this characteristic is time consuming and expensive and furthermore its spatial and temporal variabilities in field scales increase the number of measurements.Different pedotransfer functions,such as Saxton et al.,Campbell,Vereecken et al.,Rawls and Brakensiek,Wo¨sten et al.,Rajkai et al.,Ghorbani Dashtaki and Homaee,Zacharias and Wessolek,and Rosetta,were evaluated to estimate soil water retention of saline and saline-alkali soils collected from south of Tehran,Iran.The saturation-extract conductivity of all the 68 samples and exchangeable sodium percentage of more than half of them were measured to be greater than 4 dS m-1 and 15%,respectively.The calculated Akaike’s information criterion values showed that Saxton et al.and Campbell models were the best in estimation of soil water retention curve and total available water,respectively. 相似文献
11.
颗粒大小分布是土壤的基本物理性质之一 ,可以用来预测其它难以直接测定的土壤性质。采用参数模型描述土壤的颗粒大小分布有许多优点。本文利用河南封丘地区三种壤土类土壤共 30 0个样本的颗粒分析资料 ,研究了五种参数模型的适用情况。结果表明 ,包含四个参数的Fred4P模型对三种土壤颗粒大小分布的模拟效果最为理想 ;三参数的Fred3P和MLog模型对砂壤土的描述效果较差 ,对另外两种质地土壤的模拟效果与Fred4P模型相当。四参数的Gomp模型计算误差大于Fred3P和MLog模型。在这五种参数模型中 ,MVG模型的误差最大 ,不能精确描述封丘地区壤土类土壤的颗粒大小分布。 相似文献
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估计太湖地区水稻土水分特征曲线的物理-经验方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻求适于太湖地区水稻土水分特征曲线估算的简便方法,本文以实测土壤基本性质和土壤水分特征曲线为基础,对13种物理-经验方法估计土壤水分特征曲线的效果进行综合评价。结果表明,基于形状相似性的物理-经验方法预测效果要优于多数分形方法,但均差于基于Kravchenko-Zhang分维方法和B rooks-Corey水分特征曲线方程的孔隙表面分形模型(简称KZBC模型)。物理-经验方法在不同压力水头段对含水量的预测精度有差异,在实际工作中不仅要考虑模型的适用性,还要考虑其适用的压力水头范围。KZBC模型估计土壤水分特征曲线精度最高,实用性也较强,是适用于本研究区水分特征曲线估计的最佳方法。 相似文献
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The agroecosystem models THESEUS and OPUS were tested with data obtained from three agricultural experimental field plots on sandy soils without groundwater located at the moraine landscape in East Brandenburg, Germany. At each of these plots, a separate agricultural management practice was applied. Measurements of soil water contents, pressure heads, above‐ground crop biomass, and crop yield from these three plots were compared with the corresponding simulation results of both models. The comparisons of simulated with measured outputs were analyzed using the modeling‐efficiency index IA. According to these analyses, both models simulated adequately the time courses of volumetric soil water contents and above‐ground crop biomass, but the time courses of pressure heads were predicted with a lower quality by both models. As for the pressure heads, the yields simulated with both models showed greater discrepancies in comparison with the observed ones. This indicates the need of a site‐specific parameter calibration of the crop‐growth modules, especially for that included in OPUS . 相似文献
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Oxygen is a prerequisite for some and an inhibitor to other microbial functions in soils, hence the temporal and spatial distribution of oxygen within the soil matrix is crucial in soil biogeochemistry and soil biology. Various attempts have been made to model the anaerobic fraction of the soil volume as a function of structure, moisture content and oxygen consumption. Aggregate models are attractive but difficult to parameterize and not applicable to non-aggregated soils. Pore models are preferable for pragmatic reasons, but the existing versions appear to overestimate the anaerobic volume at intermediate soil moisture contents. A modified pore model is proposed, in which anaerobiosis is calculated from a range of air filled pore size classes, based on the soil water retention curve and the soil moisture content. In comparison with previous pore models which are based on the estimation of an average size of the air filled pores, the pore class model presented here appears to give more adequate estimates of anaerobic volumes, especially at intermediate moisture contents. The pore model is attractive for process modelling of anaerobic functions such as denitrification, since it can easily be parameterized by the water retention characteristics of a soil. 相似文献
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用压力膜法对黄泛平原不同质地潮土的持水特性进行了研究.结果指出,土壤的持水性、孔径分布和水容量都与土壤质地有密切关系.在高吸力情况下,土壤的持水性随土壤质地变粘而增强.土壤孔径分布与土壤质地的关系是:重力水孔隙随土壤质地变粘而减小;迟效水孔隙和无效水孔隙随质地变粘而增加;而易效水孔隙偏粘的土壤有减小的趋势.土壤水容量也受土壤质地的影响,重力水水容量随质地变粘而增加,易效水水容量是壤土高于砂性土和粘性大,而迟效水水容量则是轻粘土高于其它质地的土壤. 相似文献