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1.
抗生素对高粱离体培养反应的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
探讨了 5种抗生素对高粱离体培养反应的影响。在 3种抑菌抗生素中 ,羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素的抑菌效果较好。头孢霉素对高梁外植体离体培养的毒性比羧苄青霉素大 ,羧苄青霉素对愈伤组织的生长起促进作用 ,且只在高浓度才对分化有抑制作用。在农杆菌介导高梁遗传转化时 ,选用 2 5 0～ 5 0 0mg L的羧苄青霉素来抑菌是合适的。高梁不同基因型和外植体对潮霉素和卡那霉素的反应表现不同 ,但对潮霉素的反应比卡那霉素敏感。在筛选转化体时 ,以潮霉素较好 ,使用浓度对茎尖和幼胚以 2 5～ 5 0mg L为宜 ,对愈伤组织则以 5 0～ 75mg L为宜。 相似文献
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抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究羧苄青霉素、头孢霉素、潮霉素和卡那霉素4种抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立结果表明,MS培养基中添加甘氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸的铁络合物(Fe EDTA)和抗坏血酸等有机物有利于高粱茎尖的分化与生长。农杆菌介导的高粱茎尖遗传转化过程中羧苄青霉素为最理想抗生素,最佳浓度为2 5 0mg/ L。并初步确立了高粱茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化过程中抑菌和转化体的筛选策略 相似文献
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抗生素对韭菜根尖培养植株再生的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
卡那霉素 (Km)和G41 8对韭菜根尖培养植株再生均有抑制作用 ,随浓度提高愈伤组织和芽的分化频率逐渐降低 ,G41 8的抑制作用更加显著 ,当Km取 2 0mg L、G41 8取 1 5mg L时 ,不能诱导成芽。羧苄青霉素 (Crb)和噻孢霉素 (Cef)对韭菜的植株再生也有抑制作用 ,当Crb≥ 3 0 0mg L、Cef≥ 2 0 0mg L时 ,严重影响愈伤组织和芽的分化频率 ,出芽数也迅速减少 ,抑制作用随浓度提高而增强。在所取浓度范围内Timen tin对植株再生的抑制作用较小 ,对愈伤组织和芽的分化频率影响不大 ,但是随着Ti mentin浓度提高 ,出芽数逐渐降低 ,当Timentin =50 0mg L时 ,出芽数降低到对照的49 4%。 相似文献
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抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究羧苄青霉素、头孢霉素、潮霉素和卡那霉素4种抗生素对高粱茎尖再生的影响及再生体系的建立结果表明,MS培养基中添加甘氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸的铁络合物(Fe-EDTA)和抗坏血酸等有机物有利于高粱茎尖的分化与生长。农杆菌介导的高粱茎尖遗传转化过程中羧苄青霉素为最理想抗生素,最佳浓度为250mg／L。并初步确立了高粱茎尖农杆菌介导的遗传转化过程中抑菌和转化体的筛选策略。 相似文献
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高羊茅高频植株再生体系的建立及其影响因子的分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
研究了高羊茅(Festuca anmdinacea)愈伤组织诱导培养基和分化培养基组分的最适配比，建立了高羊茅高频再生体系。结果表明，培养基MSM 5mg／L 2,4-D 0．02mg／L KT诱导高羊茅种子出愈率高达92％；愈伤组织可在培养基MSM 4．5mg／L 2,4-D 0．2mg／L KT上长期保持；愈伤组织在培养基MSM 2mg／L 2,4-D 0．2mg／L KT诱导体细胞胚发生后，可在添加2mg／L KT和20mg／L蔗糖的SH培养基(MSH)上诱导分化形成丛生芽，愈伤组织分化率可达96％。再生芽在1／2MS培养基上14d生根率达100％。 相似文献
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根癌农杆菌介导的马铃薯转化系统的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以马铃薯品种PB 04的叶片和茎段为外植体,对其再生和农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系进行了研究。分别比较不同转化条件(菌液浓度、感染时间、预培养及共培养时间)对马铃薯遗传转化效率的影响,以及选择压浓度和加入时间对抗性愈伤出芽的影响,结果表明:(1)在玉米素(ZT)2 m g/L,萘乙酸(NAA)0.01 m g/L条件下能有效地提高马铃薯愈伤组织分化率;(2)外植体经过2 d的预培养,在OD600=0.8的农杆菌菌液中侵染10 m in后,抗性愈伤诱导率最高。(3)头孢霉素(C ef)比羧苄青霉素(C ar)更适合用于马铃薯外植体的遗传转化。(4)农杆菌侵染后恢复培养5~7 d再加入卡那霉素(Km)50 m g/L能有效地提高外植体的转化率。 相似文献
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遗传霉素对矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织诱导及生根的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究遗传霉素对矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织的诱导及生根的影响,以矮牵牛W115叶片为外植体,研究不同浓度的遗传霉素对叶片愈伤组织、不定芽以及生根诱导的影响。结果表明,随着浓度的增加,遗传霉素对愈伤组织,不定芽以及生根诱导的抑制作用增强。其中,诱导不定芽的遗传霉素临界浓度为4mg·L-1,该浓度下,矮牵牛叶片愈伤组织分化出不定芽的分化率为0;诱导生根的临界浓度为5mg·L-1,当遗传霉素浓度≥5 mg·L-1时,植株不能正常生根。研究结果为遗传霉素在矮牵牛遗传转化中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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阔叶猕猴桃抗生素敏感性及遗传转化的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以阔叶猕猴桃(Actinidia latifolia)叶片为外植体,研究了各种抗生素对形态分化和器官形成的影响,并以叶盘为受体,通过根癌农杆菌介导法获得了抗性愈伤组织和抗性芽,组织化学染色表明gus基因已在植物组织中表达。研究结果表明,对不定芽分化来说,头孢霉素(Cef)效果明显好于羧苄青霉素(Carb)。Cef浓度为300mg.L-1时效果最好,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达最大为9.76个芽/外植体。生根过程中高浓度的Cef(≥200mg.L-1)明显抑制生根,而Carb对生根没有显著影响。在卡那霉素(Kan)和Carb组合处理中,Carb对生根没有显著影响,但Kan明显抑制生根。随着Kan浓度的升高,生根率和平均根数迅速减少,当浓度升高到50mg.L-1时,生根完全被抑制。因此,农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃遗传转化中愈伤组织和不定芽诱导过程宜选用300mg.L-1Cef来抑制农杆菌生长,Kan筛选的临界浓度为20mg.L-1。在抗性芽生根过程中Kan浓度应该控制在50mg.L-1以内,并改用Carb作为杀菌剂,生根效果会更好。该研究确定了农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃叶片遗传转化中使用抗生素的种类和用量,为通过基因工程对阔叶猕猴桃进行遗传改良奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品种浙双758子叶柄外植体为受体,建立农杆菌介导转化体系,研究乙酰丁香酮、羧苄青霉素浓度和潮霉素筛选浓度等对农杆菌遗传转化效果的影响。结果发现,羧苄青霉素对农杆菌的抑制效果以500mg/L最佳,且对子叶柄外植体愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响最小,愈伤组织诱导率和芽再生率分别为75.2%和65.1%。5.0mg/L的潮霉素能完全抑制未转化再生植株的生长,使其最终褐化死亡,在此潮霉素筛选浓度下,获得了32株转化再生植株。共培养时培养基中添加100μmol/L AS的芽再生率为3.9%,显著高于未添加AS的芽再生率（2.0%）,说明共培养阶段添加酚类物质乙酰丁香酮有利于转化载体T-DNA的转化。部分转化再生植株经PCR和Southern杂交检测呈阳性,病虫害接种试验表明转化植株对菌核病和小菜蛾有较好的抗性。 相似文献
10.
EMS对水稻成熟胚愈伤组织生长和植株分化率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用ＥＭＳ处理水稻成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织，观察了愈伤组织生长、细胞染色体畸变和植株分化情况。试验结果表明，低浓度ＥＭＳ处理对水稻愈伤组织生长和植株分化有刺激作用；较高浓度ＥＭＳ处理则有抑制作用。 相似文献
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Liming Chen Khalil Tubail David Kost Warren A. Dick 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1040-1055
Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) addition during composting of manure or biosolids can reduce ammonia nitrogen losses and represents a new method for controlling odors. Additional work is needed, however, to test the ability of the gypsum-containing composts to support plant growth and affect uptake of nutrients and heavy metals. A field study using broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) and a growth chamber study using tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were conducted by application of composts at 10 Mg ha?1 for broccoli and 10 and 25 Mg ha?1 for tall fescue. Compared to composts without gypsum, at 10 Mg ha?1, gypsum composts significantly increased or had a strong trend to increase yields of broccoli and tall fescue. Gypsum composts affected concentrations of nutrient elements but did not increase concentrations of environmental concern elements in broccoli flowers and tall fescue tissue. Thus gypsum composts can be safely applied to soils to enhance crop growth. 相似文献
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Salinity stress is a major factor limiting the growth of turfgrass irrigated with recycled wastewater. The change in lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxide (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the shoots and roots of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were investigated under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol L 1 NaCl for 40 d. The MDA content under salinity stress was lower in tall fescue than in Kentucky bluegrass in both shoots and roots. Activities of SOD in the shoots of both species increased with salinity stress. The activities of CAT and APX decreased in Kentucky bluegrass, but no significant difference in the activities of CAT and APX was observed in tall fescue. The activities of SOD, CAT and APX in the shoots of tall fescue were higher than those in Kentucky bluegrass. In the roots of Kentucky bluegrass, SOD and GR activities increased and CAT and APX activities decreased in comparison with the control. In the roots of tall fescue, salinity increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX. These results suggested that tall fescue exhibited a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher SOD, CAT and APX activities than Kentucky bluegrass. 相似文献
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Neotyphodium coenophialum, (Morgan‐Jones & Gams) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin, infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants perform better than non‐infected isolines on phosphorus (P)‐deficient soils. Our objective was to characterize growth and P uptake dynamics of tall fescue in response to endophyte infection and P source at low P availability in soil. Two tall fescue genotypes (DN2 and DN4) infected with their naturally occurring N. coenophialum strains (E+), and in noninfected (E‐) forms were grown in Lily soil (fine loamy siliceous, mesic Typic Hapludult) in a greenhouse for 20 weeks. Three soil P treatments were imposed: no P supplied (control) and P supplied as commercial fertilizer (PF) or as phosphate rock (PR) at the level of 25 mg P kg‐1 soil. Interaction of tall fescue genotype and endophyte status had a significant influence on mineral element uptake suggesting high specificity of endophyte‐tall fescue associations. Endophyte infection did not affect root dry matter (DM) when no P was supplied but shoot DM was reduced by 20%. More biomass was produced and greater P uptake rate occurred in PR than PF treatment. Root DM was greater in E+ DN4 than E‐DN4 when supplied with either PF or PR. In contrast, endophyte infection did not affect root DM of DN2, regardless of P source. Relative growth rate (RGR) of E+ plants grown with PR was 16% greater than that of E‐plants. Endophyte infection did not improve growth or P uptake in PF treatment. When PR was supplied, P uptake rate was 24% greater in E+ DN2 than E‐ DN2, but endophyte infection did not benefit DN4. Phosphorus‐use efficiency was 6% less in E+ DN2 but 16% greater in E+ DN4 compared to E‐ plants, regardless of P source. Root exudates of E+ DN2, but not E+ DN4 solubilized more P from PR than those of E‐ plants. The correlation between root RGR and P uptake rate was relatively high for E‐ plants (r=0.76), but low for E+ plants (r=0.27) grown with PR. Results suggest that P uptake by E+ tall fescue might rely on mechanisms other than an increase in root biomass (surface area). Endophyte infection modified tall fescue responses to P source. This phenomenon was associated with modes of P acquisition which included enhanced activity of root exudates in releasing P from PR in E+ plants (DN2), and increased root biomass (DN4). The dominant means of P acquisition may be determined by a specific association of endophyte and tall fescue genomes. Endophyte‐tall fescue association plasticity contributes to widespread success of symbiotic in marginal resource conditions. 相似文献
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高羊茅CBF转录激活因子基因片段的克隆 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据拟南芥CBF基因序列的保守区设计 1对特异引物 ,采用PCR方法从高羊茅基因组中扩增出 1个DNA片段并克隆到pUCm T载体中。经序列测定和分析 ,该片段长 60 8bp ,与 3个拟南芥CBF基因的核苷酸及其推导氨基酸序列分别具有 81～ 84%和 75～ 79%的同源性 ,而且推导氨基酸序列中包含有同源性更高的AP2DNA结合域以及CBF蛋白的两段特征序列PKK RPAGRxKFxETRHP和DSAWR。这些结果表明 ,本研究克隆的片段为高羊茅CBF基因片段 相似文献
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Khorshid Razmjoo Takayuki Imada Junko Sugiura Seiji Kaneko 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1667-1679
Quality (color and density) of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) as a turfgrass is reduced during both the winter and summer in Japan. Seasonal variations in nutrient and carbohydrate levels of six cultivars of tall fescue were measured to determine if these changes are related to the reduction in the turf quality. There were significant differences among the cultivars in nutrient and carbohydrate levels. The nutrient and carbohydrate levels of tall fescue cultivars changed seasonally. Levels of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were below the sufficiency, but the concentrations of other nutrients were sufficient during the summer suggesting that the reduction in the quality of tall fescue cultivars during the summer in Japan may not be related to the lack of these nutrients in the plant tissues. The nitrogen (N), Ca, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), Zn, iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) levels in the plant tissues were below the adequate range in the spring which could be attributed to high growth rate since no deficiency symptom was observed. With exception of Ca content, plants contained sufficient or more than sufficient nutrients in their tissues during the fall. Though concentrations of other nutrients were sufficient in the plant tissues in the winter, levels of N, Ca, Mg, P, molybdenum (Mo), Zn, and Cu were lower than plant's requirement which could be due to low temperature since availability of the nutrients reduces under low temperature. There were no deficiency symptoms of these nutrients, but lack of N in the plant tissue could be the cause of the reduction in the color of the tall fescue cultivare in winter. Levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructan, and starch in the summer were higher or equal to those carbohydrate levels in the spring or fall suggesting that decline in tall fescue quality in Japan during the summer may not be related to carbohydrates shortages. Though starch levels were lower in the winter than other seasons, other carbohydrate levels were equal or higher than the levels in the spring and the total carbohydrate content was much higher in the winter than other seasons, suggesting that reduction in tall fescue quality in Japan during the winter may not be related to carbohydrates shortages. 相似文献