共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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就冷害与果蔬的线粒体、能荷水平及代谢过程三者之间的关系,结合目前国内外相关的研究进行综述,从果蔬冷害与能量的角度,探讨果蔬冷害与抗冷性机制。 相似文献
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冷害是水稻减产的主要原因之一,也是全世界普遍关注的问题,尤其寒地稻作区,低温冷害频繁发生。本文简要介绍了测土配方施肥、控制氮肥的施入、增施磷肥、增施钾肥、施用有机肥和微肥对防御低温冷害的作用,并对今后寒地水稻冷害防御的施肥技术方面研究提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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呼吸作用是果蔬产品采后最为基本的生理过程,降低采后呼吸作用,维持果蔬产品正常而缓慢的生命活动,是果蔬采后生理及贮藏技术研究的中心问题.该文从呼吸作用入手,阐述了呼吸的基本概念,影响果蔬呼吸作用的因素及生理意义,可为呼吸作用的课堂教学提供参考. 相似文献
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臭氧（O3）作为一种易降解无残留的强氧化剂广泛应用于食品保鲜。概述了臭氧对果蔬感官品质、新陈代谢、产品成熟衰老和杀菌控制采后腐败的作用,总结了臭氧在果蔬保鲜中应用的优点和局限性,并对其应用前景和研究作了展望。 相似文献
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干旱是影响小麦种植区域分布、产量和品质的最严重的非生物胁迫因素之一。随着气候变暖、淡水资源日益短缺,干旱对小麦的影响呈现加重趋势。当前,转录组和蛋白质组技术已经成为研究小麦抗旱分子机制的常规和可靠工具,利用这两种技术已在不同小麦品种和小麦野生近缘种中鉴定出了大量参与小麦抗旱分子调控网络的基因和蛋白质。本文简要介绍了近年来利用转录组和蛋白质组学技术获得的对小麦响应干旱分子机制的认识,指出了存在的主要问题,并展望了未来发展趋势,对应用已有的研究成果改良小麦抗旱性及进一步应用转录组和蛋白质组学技术更好地揭示小麦抗旱分子机理具有参考意义。 相似文献
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采后黄瓜对低温敏感,在低温贮藏期间很容易发生冷害,会造成较大的采后损失。本研究采用转录组测序结合生物信息学分析的方法,分析了采后黄瓜在短时冷害温度处理后的转录组变化。结果显示,采后黄瓜在5℃贮藏期间,冷害指数和相对电导率逐渐增加,叶绿素荧光逐渐降低,表明采后黄瓜在5℃贮藏期间产生了明显的冷害。与处理前相比（0 h）,处理12 h导致1500个基因差异表达,其中706个基因表达上调,794个基因表达下调。与0 h相比,处理72 h导致7799个基因差异表达,其中3995个基因表达上调,3804个基因表达下调。KEGG富集结果显示,低温处理导致的差异表达基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导、苯丙氨酸代谢、植物与病原菌互作和苯丙烷素合成途径中。GO富集分析的结果显示,在生物过程分类下,差异表达基因主要参与以DNA为模板的转录调控、蛋白磷酸化和跨膜转运等过程;在细胞组份分类下,差异表达基因主要富集在细胞膜组份和细胞核;在分子功能分类下,差异表达基因主要与ATP结合、蛋白苏氨酸/丝氨酸激酶活性、DNA结合和转录因子活性等功能有关。在低温处理12 h时,与激素信号有关的基因显著表达。但在低温处理72 h... 相似文献
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小麦赤霉菌毒素合成机制及检测技术研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赤霉病的发生不仅会导致小麦严重减产,其病原菌产生的DON、NIV等毒素也会污染小麦籽粒,对人畜健康造成严重威胁,因此研发小麦赤霉病及赤霉菌毒素的监测与防控技术是小麦生产与消费领域的核心议题。本文从细胞、遗传、生化等角度全面综述了小麦赤霉菌毒素合成、转运和调控的分子机制,介绍了目前主流的赤霉菌毒素检测技术,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了系统比较。以上研究进展可启发赤霉菌毒素监测防控新技术的出现,有利于保障粮食供给和食品安全。 相似文献
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小麦阶段性冻害的生理机制及预防途径研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为系统了解小麦抗寒性研究现状,从遗传、生理、栽培、遥感等方面对小麦阶段性冻害发生的生理机制及预防途径的研究进展进行了总结和评述。小麦抗寒性受多个微效基因控制,低温锻炼激发这些基因,诱导冻蛋白或冷激蛋白的合成和功能表达;低温补偿系统、植株营养以及水分代谢的失衡是小麦冻害发生的主要生理原因;通过品种选择、适当晚播、提高播种质量、合理施肥、生物化学调控可提高小麦抗寒性,减少冻害发生和危害;利用遥感监测可对小麦冻害做出快速有效的评估。 相似文献
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Postharvest diseases are one of the major causes for the postharvest loss of horticultural fresh produce during the supply chain. The incidence of postharvest diseases can affect the quality and restrict the shelf life of the horticultural fresh produce. At present strict regulations are enforced by the fresh produce importing countries regarding the minimum pesticide residue levels in the edible portion of the fresh produce. Some fungal pathogens were reported to develop resistance to synthetic fungicides. Waste disposal of fungicides has an impact on environmental footprint. All theses above-mentioned reasons have necessitated the search for a natural novel fungicide to replace the synthetic fungicide application in the packing line as postharvest treatment.Consumer preference to organic fresh produce is increasingly becoming popular in the developed countries. Therefore, this review summarises the use of essential oils in the control of postharvest diseases of horticultural commodities, their mode of actions, effects on the defence mechanism and quality of fresh fruit. Future research must be focused on conducting large scale trials to prove the feasibility of combination treatments. The cost benefit analysis of the treatments needs to be carried out in order to implement their application and the commercial applications of essential oils and host pathogen infection must be investigated in detail in order to control latent infections during postharvest storage. 相似文献
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Due to their flavor and nutritional characteristics, papaya fruit are consumed worldwide. As a tropical commodity, storage has serious limitations that result in their rapid deterioration and high incidence of rots during handling and storage. Postharvest handling of papaya differs according to destination. For export markets, there are well-defined postharvest steps established that include technologies that generally avoid disease incidence. For national markets, the postharvest chain is short but characterized by poor handling practices that can result in serious losses due to microorganisms. Anthracnose is considered the main postharvest disease, but development of other rots may also limit good fruit quality, as is the case with, among others, stem-end rots. Control of papaya rots for export markets are applied in accordance with import–export regulations, while for the national market it has typically relied on synthetic fungicides; however, due to their already known ‘side-effects’ on humans and the environment, other alternatives alone or combined should be tested in integrated technologies. We reviewed the available literature on different control methods to reduce postharvest diseases during papaya storage, including those that reported on their effects on fruit quality. Wax combined with fungicides and heat is currently in use. Other methods, such as the application of irradiation, antagonistic microorganisms and natural compounds [e.g. chitosan and plant derivatives (extracts, essential oils and isothiocynates)], are still under evaluation, but have yielded promising initial results. The application of various organic salts and minerals and modified and controlled atmosphere technologies using ozone and volatiles such as 1-methycyclopropane are also under experimentation. We believe that research areas that include preharvest experimentation aimed at reducing postharvest diseases on papaya fruit should be taken into account. Finally, the integration of more than one control method will reduce the incidence of rots, and therefore improve and extend the storage life of this important commodity. 相似文献