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1.
为筛选防治烟草灰霉病的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定氟啶胺、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑及代森锰锌4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的毒力,同时通过离体叶片评价这4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病的保护和治疗作用。结果表明,氟啶胺和咪鲜胺对菌丝生长活性抑制最强,有效抑制中浓度ECjs50平均值分别为0.02、0.03 mg/L,苯醚甲环唑次之,代森锰锌最弱,EC_(js50)平均值分别为0.39、7.86 mg/L;氟啶胺对孢子萌发活性抑制最强,代森锰锌次之,有效抑制中浓度EC_(mf50)平均值分别为0.06、0.16 mg/L,咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑最弱,ECmf50平均值均大于25.00 mg/L。离体试验表明,氟啶胺对烟草灰霉病保护作用最强,浓度为50 mg/L时,防治效果为100.00%,咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑次之,防治效果分别为88.62%和76.46%,代森锰锌最弱,浓度为1 000 mg/L时防治效果仅为75.81%;氟啶胺对烟草灰霉病治疗作用最强,浓度为100 mg/L时的防治效果为85.75%,咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑次之,浓度为200 mg/L时的防治效果分别为85.47%和76.48%,代森锰锌最弱,浓度为1 000 mg/L时防治效果为70.24%。表明氟啶胺和咪鲜胺更适合烟草灰霉病的防治。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]筛选防治烟草赤星病的有效药剂.[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定7种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)的毒力作用.[结果]菌丝生长速率法中56％啶酰·肟菌酯、50％啶酰菌胺、30％肟菌·戊唑醇、72％霜脲·锰锌、80％戊唑醇、30％丙硫菌唑、50％氯溴异氰尿酸的EC50值分别为0.1525,0.1603,0.2420,1.8137,4.5663,14.8457,86.9761 mg/L,孢子萌发法中50％啶酰菌胺、50％氯溴异氰尿酸、56％啶酰·肟菌酯、72％霜脲·锰锌、80％戊唑醇、30％肟菌·戊唑醇、30％丙硫菌唑的EC50值分别为0.1272,0.1333,0.2088,1.3191,1.8218,3.1282,27.0458 mg/L.供试的7种杀菌剂中对菌丝生长的抑制效果最好的是56％啶酰·肟菌酯,EC50值为0.1525 mg/L;对孢子萌发的抑制效果最好的是50％啶酰菌胺,EC50值为0.1272 mg/L.[结论]56％啶酰·肟菌酯和50％啶酰菌胺可优先作为烟草赤星病田间防治实验用药,72％霜脲·锰锌和30％肟菌·戊唑醇可用作交替使用杀菌剂.  相似文献   

3.
不同杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的毒力作用特性比较   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
为筛选防治黄瓜靶斑病的有效药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和芽管伸长法测定了19种杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的毒力,探究了4种毒力较高杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝形态的影响。结果表明:氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和芽管伸长各生长发育阶段均有较强的抑制活性,其中,4种药剂抑制菌丝生长的平均EC50值分别为0.516 3、1.538、1.605和0.648 2 mg/L,抑制孢子萌发的平均EC50值分别为0.164 4、1.359、1.127和0.002 5 mg/L,抑制芽管伸长的平均EC50值分别为0.189 6、0.144 7、0.060 4和0.001 5 mg/L;啶酰菌胺、百菌清和肟菌酯3种不同作用机制杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌孢子萌发和芽管伸长的抑制活性较强,3种药剂抑制孢子萌发的平均EC50值分别为1.564、0.373 0和0.021 3 mg/L,抑制芽管伸长的平均EC50值分别为0.629 5、0.233 4和0.405 0 mg/L,但对菌丝生长的抑制作用较弱,平均EC50大于16 mg/L;氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素可引起黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝不同程度的异常生长,主要表现为菌丝隔膜间距变小、菌丝节间肿大、主菌丝上二次分枝发生频繁、菌丝变形黏连、菌丝新分枝处生长受抑制或分生孢子生长变形。研究表明,氟啶胺、吡唑萘菌胺、咯菌腈和四霉素对黄瓜靶斑病菌具有较高的毒力,在黄瓜靶斑病的田间防治中具有较好的开发应用潜力。  相似文献   

4.
由立枯病丝核菌引起的烟草立枯病是我国烟草苗床上危害最严重的病害之一。本研究评价了5种杀菌剂 (嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺) 对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长、菌核形成和萌发的影响,以及其对烟草立枯病的防治效果。结果表明:立枯丝核菌菌丝对氟啶胺和嘧菌酯的敏感性高于丙环唑和啶酰菌胺,而对嘧霉胺的敏感性较低;嘧菌酯对菌核形成的抑制作用强于丙环唑、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和嘧霉胺;5种杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌菌核萌发均无抑制作用。在离体烟叶的保护活性方面,12.5和50 mg/L的嘧菌酯和啶酰菌胺对立枯病的保护作用优于氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺;在治疗活性方面,50和200 mg/L的嘧菌酯的治疗作用优于其他4种杀菌剂。因此,供试的5种杀菌剂中嘧菌酯最适合用于烟草立枯病的防治。  相似文献   

5.
火龙果溃疡病菌病的室内药剂筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对火龙果溃疡病菌病(Neoscytalidium dimidiatum)的抑制作用,结果表明,苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、苯甲·丙环唑、克菌·戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵对火龙果溃疡病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果好,EC50值分别为0.1557mg/L、0.3020mg/L、0.5205mg/L、0.8660mg/L、2.1786mg/L和2.7372mg/L。离体接种试验测定结果显示,甲基硫菌灵2.50μg/m L、吡唑醚菌酯1.00μg/m L、咪鲜胺0.25μg/m L、苯醚甲环唑0.25μg/m L、苯甲·丙环唑0.25μg/m L和克菌·戊唑醇0.25μg/m L的离体接种防治效果好,分别达到96.84%、95.06%、93.47%、91.00%、86.56%和83.10%。本研究结果为火龙果溃疡病田间药效防治提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
为筛选出有效防治番茄叶霉病的药剂,采用生长速率法及平板涂布法测定6种三唑类杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长的毒力,评价其对番茄植株的安全性和对叶霉病的田间防效。结果表明,己唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇和氟硅唑对番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长的毒力均较高,EC_(50)分别为0.50、0.55、0.80、2.42 mg/L,其次为腈菌唑和四氟醚唑,EC50分别为6.92、15.08 mg/L。6种杀菌剂抑制病菌分生孢子萌发及芽管伸长的作用均较弱,对芽管伸长的抑制活性高于对孢子萌发的抑制活性;戊唑醇和四氟醚唑抑制孢子萌发的作用相对较强,100 mg/L处理的抑制率为60%~70%,戊唑醇、四氟醚唑和己唑醇抑制芽管伸长的作用相对较强,100 mg/L处理的抑制率均在70%以上。己唑醇和戊唑醇200 mg/L处理番茄植株,显著抑制其株高,苯醚甲环唑和腈菌唑对其影响相对较小,这4种杀菌剂对番茄植株的叶色及形态均无明显影响;且这4种杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病的田间预防效果均高于治疗效果,其中150 mg/L己唑醇的预防效果和治疗效果均最高,分别为90.67%和85.58%;苯醚甲环唑的最低,300 mg/L时预防效果为80.16%,治疗效果为71.68%。  相似文献   

7.
采用孢子萌发法测定了烟草上米根霉Rhizopus oryzae对6种杀菌剂 (代森锰锌、多菌灵、嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺及氟啶胺) 的敏感性,并就其适宜的保存条件进行了筛选,同时采用离体叶片法测定了上述6种杀菌剂对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果。结果表明:6种杀菌剂对米根霉孢子萌发和烟叶霉烂病均表现出了不同的抑制活性。其中,抑制孢子萌发活性最为明显的是氟啶胺和啶酰菌胺,其EC90值分别为0.67 和1.53 mg/L;其次为代森锰锌和嘧菌酯,15.16和17.66 mg/L;最弱为嘧霉胺和多菌灵,71.87和81.96 mg/L。对烟叶霉烂病防效最好的为嘧菌酯,50 mg/L处理的防效为85%;其次为啶酰菌胺,200 mg/L处理时防效为83%;氟啶胺的防效较差,1 000 mg/L处理时仅为48%;而代森锰锌、多菌灵和嘧霉胺在最高使用剂量 (分别为4 000、800和800 mg/L) 时防效均低于20%。病原菌保存方法筛选结果表明,保存后米根霉的孢子萌发率均发生了不同程度降低。其中,4 ℃保存于20%甘油组的孢子悬浮液萌发率为60%;4 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为36%;4 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液和 –20 ℃保存于20%甘油的孢子悬浮液萌发率均低于20%;20 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为11%;–20 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液萌发率为6%。研究结果可为烘烤期烟叶霉烂病防治和米根霉孢子的保存提供参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
藤仓镰孢菌Fusarium fujikuroi是引起水稻恶苗病的主要致病菌,氟唑菌酰羟胺 (pydiflumetofen) 是一种新型的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂 (SDHI) 类杀菌剂。氟唑菌酰羟胺对藤仓镰孢菌的生物活性及其对水稻恶苗病的防治效果尚不明确。本研究从江苏和浙江两省不同地区分离鉴定出100株藤仓镰孢菌,通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法建立了藤仓镰孢菌对氟唑菌酰羟胺的敏感性基线,测定了该药剂对藤仓镰孢菌的生理影响及其对水稻恶苗病的防治效果。结果表明:氟唑菌酰羟胺对100株藤仓镰孢菌菌丝生长的EC50值的范围为0.0125~0.1118 μg/mL,平均值为0.0503 (± 0.0029) μg/mL;对100株藤仓镰孢菌孢子萌发的EC50值的范围在0.0001~0.0245 μg/mL之间,平均值为0.0038 (± 0.0005) μg/mL。用0.05 μg/mL (EC50值) 或1.3 μg/mL (EC90值) 的氟唑菌酰羟胺处理藤仓镰孢菌菌丝体后,菌丝体顶端分支增多、产孢量下降、细胞膜和细胞器 (如线粒体) 受损、细胞内含物渗漏增加,胞外多糖产量无变化,而过氧化物酶活性下降。用200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂按有效成分10、15和20 g的剂量拌种处理100 kg水稻种子,对水稻恶苗病的防治效果分别为94.77%、98.60 %和100%。研究结果说明,氟唑菌酰羟胺对藤仓镰孢菌高活性,对水稻恶苗病具有优异的防治效果。  相似文献   

9.
藤仓镰孢菌Fusarium fujikuroi是引起水稻恶苗病的主要致病菌,氟唑菌酰羟胺(pydiflumetofen)是一种新型的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)类杀菌剂。氟唑菌酰羟胺对藤仓镰孢菌的生物活性及其对水稻恶苗病的防治效果尚不明确。本研究从江苏和浙江两省不同地区分离鉴定出100株藤仓镰孢菌,通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法建立了藤仓镰孢菌对氟唑菌酰羟胺的敏感性基线,测定了该药剂对藤仓镰孢菌的生理影响及其对水稻恶苗病的防治效果。结果表明:氟唑菌酰羟胺对100株藤仓镰孢菌菌丝生长的EC50值的范围为0.012 5～0.111 8μg/mL,平均值为0.050 3 (±0.002 9)μg/mL;对100株藤仓镰孢菌孢子萌发的EC50值的范围在0.000 1～0.024 5μg/mL之间,平均值为0.003 8 (±0.000 5)μg/mL。用0.05μg/mL (EC50值)或1.3μg/mL (EC90值)的氟唑菌酰羟胺处理藤仓镰孢菌菌丝体后,菌丝体顶端分支增多、产孢量下降、细胞膜和细胞器(如线粒体)受损、细胞内含物渗漏增加,胞外多糖产量无变化,而过氧化物酶活性下降。用200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂按有效成分10、15和20 g的剂量拌种处理100 kg水稻种子,对水稻恶苗病的防治效果分别为94.77%、98.60%和100%。研究结果说明,氟唑菌酰羟胺对藤仓镰孢菌高活性,对水稻恶苗病具有优异的防治效果。  相似文献   

10.
由核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum引起的菌核病(sclerotinia stem rot)是一种破坏性严重的病害，多发于油菜和许多其他阔叶作物，在农业生产中主要采用杀菌剂进行化学防治。氯氟联苯吡菌胺作为一种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHIs)，对核盘菌的菌丝生长有较好的抑制作用。为建立河南省核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性基线，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了2015年和2016年从河南省不同地区采集分离的119株核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性。结果表明：氯氟联苯吡菌胺对核盘菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)值范围为0.0417～0.4732μg/mL，平均EC50值为(0.1968±0.1053)μg/mL。EC50值频率分布范围窄且呈单峰曲线，平均EC50值可以作为河南省核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性基线。为明确氯氟联苯吡菌胺是否能与其他不同作用机制杀菌剂复配，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、丙硫菌唑、菌核净、叶菌唑及其混合物的敏感性。结果表明，氯氟联...  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

13.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

14.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

17.
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen.  相似文献   

18.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

19.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

20.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

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