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采用2倍稀释法测定了恩诺沙星及其他8种抗菌药对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,再以棋盘法测定恩诺沙星分别与其他8种抗菌药不同联合对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的敏感性。结果显示：恩诺沙星、替米考星、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素、林可霉素、沃尼妙林、泰妙菌素、氯霉素及氟苯尼考对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的MIC分别为0．063、0．004、0．016、0．063、16、〈0．004、0．008、8、8μg／mL。在8种不同联合用药对鸡毒支原体BG44T株的药敏试验中,恩诺沙星＋替米考星、恩诺沙星＋泰乐菌素、恩诺沙星＋吉他霉素、恩诺沙星＋林可霉素、恩诺沙星＋沃尼妙林、恩诺沙星＋泰妙菌素联合表现出相加作用,恩诺沙星＋氯霉素、恩诺沙星＋氟苯尼考表现出拮抗作用。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究恩诺沙星与磺胺二甲嘧啶的联合毒性。选取SD大鼠为试验对象,将其分成6组,每组12只,分别为高剂量联合用药组（500 mg/kg体重）、中剂量联合用药组（250 mg/kg体重）、低剂量联合用药组（50 mg/kg体重）、恩诺沙星单药组（250 mg/kg体重）、磺胺二甲嘧啶单药组（250 mg/kg体重）及对照组（等量0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液）,配制相应的药物进行灌胃,最后一次给药1 d后对大鼠进行称重、麻醉、心脏采血并剖检取肝脏组织,然后对大鼠增重率、血常规指标、血清生化指标及肝脏病理学变化几个方面进行分析,并利用SPSS 22.0软件评估2种药物的联合作用效果。结果显示,在雌性大鼠中,高、中剂量联合用药组使大鼠增重率显著下降（P<0.05）,雄性大鼠增重率无显著变化（P>0.05）;雄性大鼠给药组白细胞数量均显著增加（P<0.05）,高剂量联合用药组中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞占比分别表现为显著升高及下降（P<0.05）;高、中剂量联合用药组大鼠外周血中谷草转氨酶含量显著增加（P<0.05）,且高、中剂量联合用药组肝脏病理切片视野可见不同程度的炎性细胞浸润,并伴有不同程度的损伤。本研究结果表明,恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶联用可使毒性增加,对大鼠的免疫系统状态有一定的影响,且能造成一定程度的肝脏损伤,剂量越高影响越大。本研究为恩诺沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶联合用药机制的研究提供数据支持,并为二者的临床应用提供参考,提示新的食品安全评估应考虑药物联合暴露带来的影响。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考与多种抗菌药物联合应用对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解氟苯尼考分别与恩诺沙星、TMP和多西环素联合用药的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用倍比稀释法,测定了氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、TMP和多西环素对大肠杆菌O78的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);采用棋盘法进行恩诺沙星、TMP、多西环素分别与氟苯尼考联合应用对大肠杆菌的药敏试验。结果表明:四种抗菌药物都有较强的抑菌能力,氟苯尼考MIC为4μg/mL,恩诺沙星MIC为0.1μg/mL,TMP的MIC为16μg/mL,多西环素的MIC为4μg/mL。氟苯尼考与恩诺沙星联合表现为无关作用,与TMP联合表现为协同作用,与多西环素联合表现为累加作用。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶配伍应用对鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了测定氟苯尼考与三甲氧苄啶（TMP）联合应用对临床鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效，以临床上对本地区大肠杆菌病有部分疗效的药物为对照组，分感染对照组、恩诺沙星组、氟苯尼考组和氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用组。经对比治疗，验证氟苯尼考与TMP配伍应用组临床疗效较好，配伍比例为5：1，药物浓度为50μg／mL，即每毫升的药液浓度含氟苯尼考42μg，TMP为8μg。 相似文献
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【目的】 探讨常见兽药恩诺沙星(ENR)、喹烯酮(QCT)、土霉素(OTC)和硫酸多黏菌素B(PMB)对细胞的单一及联合毒性效应。【方法】 以L02、AML12、Marc145、HEK293T、TM3和SK-N-SH细胞为模型, 通过结晶紫染色获得不同浓度下4种药物对6种细胞的相对抑制率, 进行浓度-效应方程拟合, 并分别计算药物在不同生长抑制率下的效应浓度(ECF, 其中F=10、20、25、33、50)。按EC50∶EC50、EC33∶EC33∶EC33、EC25∶EC25∶EC25∶EC25的比例分别进行二元、三元、四元药物等毒性比混合, 以1/2为稀释因子进行浓度梯度处理, 计算抑制率并拟合实际作用曲线, 采用浓度加和模型(CA)和独立作用模型(IA)法评价不同药物之间的联合效应。【结果】 4种药物对6类细胞的生长抑制均存在剂量-效应关系, 无论在哪种细胞中, QCT的毒性最强, PMB毒性最小。4种抗菌药两两组合出现协同的概率较高, 尤其是与OTC的组合, OTC+QCT在6种细胞中均有明显的协同抑制。TM3细胞中易出现相加而对肝细胞和肾细胞协同的可能性更大, 对不同的细胞同一组合的效应变化可能不同。在三元和四元组合中, 相加效应出现的概率上升且变化更为复杂, 易随浓度的变化出现多段效应。【结论】 常见兽药对肝脏、肾脏、神经及生殖细胞具有一定毒性, 且这些药物的联合毒性效应不是简单的相加, 组分、浓度等会影响联合效应, 在应用时要注意配伍禁忌。 相似文献
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为了解大肠杆菌对抗生素的耐药情况，采用Kirby-Bauer（纸片扩散法），对大肠杆菌8种血清型（01、02、07、08、018、078、0119、0141）的菌株进行了7种抗菌药（恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、氟哌酸、头孢噻肟、普康、阿莫西林）的药物敏感性实验，结果显示，正常情况下菌群已对目前生产上常用的抗生素恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、阿莫西林产生了较强的耐药性。其中对阿莫西林产生了普遍的耐药性，达到了100％的耐药水平，另外对临床上常用的氟哌酸、普康的使用前景也不容乐观，只有应用较少或尚未使用的头孢噻呋对8种血清型大肠杆菌有较高的敏感性。 相似文献
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本研究采用纸片扩散法，检测从平邑7家生猪养殖场分离的21株大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、多四环素、黏菌素6种抗生素的敏感性。结果显示，平邑7家生猪养殖场的21株猪源大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星的耐药率为14%，敏感率为57%；对庆大霉素的耐药率为14%，敏感率约为72%；对阿莫西林的耐药率为100%；对氟苯尼考的耐药率为71%，敏感率为0；对多四环素的耐药率为43%，敏感率为29%；对黏菌素的敏感率100%。不同生猪养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药性不同，个别养殖场猪源大肠杆菌耐药性很高，出现了多重耐药性（对5种抗生素耐药）。建议该养殖场根据药敏结果，采用精准用药和轮换用药方式来防治猪源型大肠杆菌疾病，避免抗生素乱用，进一步推进兽用抗菌药减量化使用和兽用抗菌药综合治理。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined toxicity of enrofloxacin with each of three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin,florfenicol and sulfamethazine).MRC-5 cells were used as a cell model to simulate the damage of lung cells caused by mixed contamination of antimicrobials.Multiple concentration gradients and mixing ratios were set.CCK-8 method was used to determine the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by four antimicrobials and the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by enofloxacin mixed with three antimicrobials,respectively.Then Chou-Talalay method was used to fit the median effect plot and to calculate the combination index (CI) value.The results showed that the growth inhibition rates of MCR-5 cells caused by four single drugs went up in a step-like manner with the increase of drug concentration in the tested concentration range,among them,the growth inhibitory rate of MCR-5 cells by florfenicol was low (<4.5%).The combined toxicity of the three binary combinations showed a concentration-dependent and mixing-ratio dependence.Mixing enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed synergistic toxicity (CI<1) on MRC-5 cells at high and middle concentration groups,and antagonistic toxicity (CI>1) at the very-low-concentration groups.Mixing ciprofloxacin and florfenicol mainly showed an inhibited toxicity (CI>1).Binary combination enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine might present either a synergistic joint toxicity (CI<1) or an antagonistic joint toxicity (CI>1) as the concentration and mixing ratio changing.This study showed that it was necessary to assess the combined toxicity of antimicrobials in the toxicity evaluation of antimicrobials.Using Chou-Talalay method,the joint toxicity of multiple antimicrobials could be quickly and efficiently determined at cellular level. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):262-270
Abstract The need for federally approved chemotherapeutants for use in domestic shrimp culture in the USA is acute. A summary of toxicity testing of 12 antimicrobials against penaeid shrimp larvae is presented. In addition, the toxicity data are examined in concert with previously reported data on minimum inhibitory concentrations to establish a therapeutic index (a measure of margin of safety) for each compound tested. The 11 prospective antimicrobials were compared with the reference compound, chloramphenicol. The antimicrobials tested were enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, paromomycin, four experimental fluoroquinolines (PD124816, PD127391, PD131628, PD132133), Romet-30®, and Sarafin®. The top six compounds (in their relative order of safety, from the safest to the least safe) were PD127391, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and Romet-30. 相似文献
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This study compares the antimicrobial susceptibility over time between two groups of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolates from the same geographical area. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 13 antimicrobials was determined against two groups of MG isolates from chickens. Group 1 strains (n=22) were isolated in 2004-2005 while group 2 strains (n=7) were isolated in 2007-2008. Minimum inhibitory concentration 50 for group 1 versus group 2 was 4/4, 0.5/0.5, ≤ 0.031/≥ 64, ≤ 0.031/2, ≤ 0.031/0.125, 1/0.5, 1/1, ≤ 0.031/≤ 0.031, ≤ 0.031/2, ≤ 0.031/2, 1/4, ≤ 0.031/0.062, and 0.062/2 μg/ml against gentamicin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, florfenicol, thiamphenicol, tiamulin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in resistance of group 2 to erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. This dramatic increase in resistance against 8 antimicrobials belonging to three different families of antimicrobials in a relatively short period of time appears to be rare and of concern. The cause of this increased resistance observed in group 2 of MG isolates was not determined and should be further investigated. Monitoring of MG field strain susceptibility is highly recommended to implement successful treatment and prophylaxis programs in endemic areas. 相似文献
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猪链球菌Ⅱ型四川分离株对抗菌药的敏感性分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
对四川省不同地区链球菌病病死猪体内分离的7株链球菌Ⅱ型进行抗菌药敏感性试验,用链球菌兰氏D群C55914作为对照,比对菌为肺炎链球菌质控菌株ATCC49619.在32种抗菌药中,选择29种药物进行纸片法药敏试验.试验结果表明:7株链球菌耐药谱非常相似,对青霉素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、奥格门丁、卡那霉素、红霉素、壮观霉素、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢他定、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星、复方新诺明、万古霉素、亚安培南均敏感;对阿米卡星、新霉素、庆大霉素3株敏感,4株中敏;对四环素和多西环素2株中敏,5株耐药;对链霉素1株中敏,6株耐药.用21种药物进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定,结果7株均对青霉素、氨苄西林、卡那霉素、红霉素、头孢他定、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、氧氟沙星、二氟沙星、沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星、磺胺六甲氧嘧啶敏感,1株对新霉素和阿米卡星中敏,2株耐药;所有菌株对四环素、土霉素、多西环素、链霉素均耐药.两种方法总体结果一致. 相似文献
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Lizarazo YA Ferri EF de la Fuente AJ Martín CB 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(4):663-668
OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility of strains of Pasteurella multocida subsp multocida isolated from lung specimens of pigs with pneumonia to 20 antimicrobials and to evaluate the emergence of resistance to those antimicrobials in Spain during the past 2 decades. SAMPLE POPULATION: 63 isolates recovered from 1987 to 1988 and 132 isolates recovered from 2003 to 2004. PROCEDURE: A broth microdilution method was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range and values for MIC50 and MIC90. Resistance of a strain to an antimicrobial agent was determined by use of the breakpoint value when available. RESULTS: Isolates were generally susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, apramycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol, and most isolates were resistant to clindamycin, tylosin tartrate, and tiamulin regardless of the time period. A substantial increase in resistance to sulfa-chlorpiridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfathiazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed, and a minor increase in resistance to oxytetracycline was also detected. Several multiresistance patterns were observed, most frequently among isolates recovered in the 2003 to 2004 interval. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ceftiofur, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin are recommended for treatment of infections caused by P multocida subsp multocida in Spain. Increased frequency of resistance to oxytetracycline and sulfonamide drugs may be a contraindication for their use. 相似文献
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部分鸡场大肠杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
从江西、辽宁、广东3个省的鸡场分离到204株大肠杆菌，按NCCLs推荐的纸片扩散法测定了其对24种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明，分离菌对四环素的耐药性最高，为92．2％．余下依次为二氟沙星、萘啶酸、磺胺、复方新诺明、氨苄西林、阿莫西林、恩诺沙星、沙拉沙星、洛美沙星、链霉素、达氟沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、氯霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、头孢噻吩、奥格门丁(阿莫西林和克拉维酸钾)、阿米卡星、氟苯尼考．头孢曲松无1例耐药。 相似文献
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Kidanemariam A Gouws J van Vuuren M Gummow B 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2005,76(4):204-208
The in vitro activities of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were determined against field isolates of Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony (MmmLC) by means of the broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobial drugs were determined for a representative number of 10 isolates and 1 type strain. The susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin was determined by means of an agar disk diffusion test. The MICs of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were within the ranges of 0.125-0.5, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0 and 4.0-8.0 microg/ml, respectively. This study has shown that resistance of MmmLC against enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin was negligible. All the field strains of A. pyogenes that were tested were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin with mean inhibition zones of 30.6, 42.3 and 35.8 mm, respectively. Although there is lack of data on in vivo efficacy and in vitro MIC or inhibition zone diameter breakpoints of these antimicrobial drugs for MmmLC, the MIC results indicate that these 4 classes of antimicrobial drugs should be effective in the treatment of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa. 相似文献
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穿心莲水提物与10种临床常用抗菌药联用的体外抑菌试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究穿心莲水提物与临床常用10种抗菌药联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用传统的水提法制备穿心莲中药液并浓缩至浓度为1 g/mL,用琼脂平板稀释法测定穿心莲水提物分别与阿莫西林、头孢曲松等10种常用抗菌药物联用对临床分离的10株鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,穿心莲和头孢曲松、穿心莲和氟苯尼考联用100%呈现协同作用;穿心莲和头孢噻呋联用90%呈现协同作用,10%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和大观霉素联用80%呈现协同作用,20%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和林可霉素联用50%呈现协同作用,40%为无关或颉颃作用,10%为无关作用;穿心莲与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用以无关或颉颃作用为主。以上结果表明,在体外,穿心莲与头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、氟苯尼考联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌呈现协同作用,与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、林可霉素、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用呈现无关或颉颃作用。 相似文献