共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Joshua J. Ramisch 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(4):979-995
Western Kenya has been a labour-exporting region for over a century, with many households straddling both rural and urban contexts. While the spatial separation of migrants from their rural places of origin represented the first tangible metabolic rift within Kenyan agricultural production systems, that rift is being reshaped as rural families engage in new forms of interconnection with migrant members (“multilocationality”). These changes appear to be driven by the ongoing crisis of agrarian livelihoods and are supported by the advent of cellphone communication and mobile money transfer technologies. Interviews and ethnographic data collected in a western Kenyan community and amongst its out-migrants reveal the role of cellphones in mediating social, financial, and knowledge flows within multilocational households. The increased ease of communicating and sending money is associated with less frequent physical movements between rural and urban settings, with commensurate disruptions in the acquisition and development of agro-ecological knowledge, and a shifting burden of agricultural labour. Gender relations are also put under further stress: migrant men remain (or believe they have remained) involved in rural affairs but appear to be using cellphone technologies to reinvent their household roles, replacing previously social or labour contributions with financial ones and by asserting claims over the on-farm decision-making of rural households previously considered female-headed. 相似文献
2.
生计资本对农户分工模式的影响:来自广东的调查分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于"可持续生计分析框架"(SLA)中生计资本概念,构建生计资本与农户分工模式选择的理论分析框架,利用广东省农户问卷调查数据,采用多项Logistic回归模型,分析生计资本对农户分工模式的影响,探讨推进农户分工的可行途径。结果表明,对于转型为兼业偏农型农户,存在显著正向影响的变量为非农业就业培训、劳动力人数,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训;对于转型为兼业偏非农型农户,存在显著正向影响变量为非农业就业培训、劳动力人数、村干部、人均收入,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训、平均年龄,劳均土地面积、是否贷款;对于转型为纯非农型农户,存在显著正向影响的变量为受教育年限、非农业就业培训、人均收入,存在显著负向影响的为农业技能培训、平均年龄、三代人是否生活于本村与拥有的农机数量。据此计量结果,提出了促进兼业型农户向纯农型农户或纯非农型农户转换,引导农户合理分工演化的政策建议。 相似文献
3.
Kennedy O. Pambo Robert M. Mbeche Julius J. Okello George N. Mose John N. Kinyuru 《Agriculture and Human Values》2018,35(4):885-898
Edible insects are a potentially less burdensome source of proteins on the environment than livestock for a majority of rural consumers. Hence, edible insects are a timely idea to address the challenges of the supply side to sustainably meet an increasing demand for food. The objective of this paper is twofold. The first is to identify and compare rural-households’ intentions to consume insect-based foods among households drawn from two regions in Kenya—one where consumption of insects is common and the other where the practice is uncommon. The second is to explore consumers’ trust in sources of information regarding quality and appropriateness of food items. The study employed an extended theory of planned behaviour and involved 432 participants. Results indicate that rural households have positive intentions to consume insect-based foods and those intentions are higher for individuals who are more familiar with the practice. Results also show that information sources from industry are more trusted than those from the media. Further, the study revealed that control variables such as perceived availability of insect-based foods and their level of fit with the culinary practices have a higher influence on consumption intentions than general attitudes. In addition, age of the respondent, gender, household size and level of formal education, significantly influence the consumption intentions. The study discusses the implications of these findings in the development of sustainable agri-food systems. 相似文献
4.
Soniia David 《Agriculture and Human Values》1997,14(2):169-179
In the cash budgets of farm householdsin western Kenya, off-farm occupations and cropsaccount for the most important sources of income. Treeand livestock products are of secondary importance incash terms, although farmers attach great importanceto trees as a source of income because of the variousnon-monetary functions they supply. The findingspresented in this paper suggest that two variables,the domestic development cycle of households andwealth, are likely to affect the adoption pattern ofcertain introduced agroforestry technologies,depending on farmers' strategies to produce treeproducts and milk for subsistence, largely for themarket or some combination of the two. However, forthe most part, farmers in western Kenya are likely togive first priority to investing in enterprises, suchas business and livestock production, that yieldshort-term financial returns as oppossed to investingin long-gestation agroforestry technologies whichprovide non-tangible benefits and financial returnsonly after several years. 相似文献
5.
Luc Hippolyte Dossa Barbara Rischkowsky Regina Birner Clemens Wollny 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(4):581-592
An understanding of factors influencing the decision of rural people to keep sheep and/or goats is crucial when formulating
technologies and policies that support village-based small ruminant production. The knowledge of such factors will also improve
assessment of impact intervention strategies on the livelihoods of rural people. Structured questionnaires administered in
228 households were used to study the ownership patterns of small ruminants in southern Benin. The ownership of goats was
higher (91%) than sheep (35%) because goats are not affected by any ethnic or cultural restrictions. Goats are also perceived
to be a less risky to invest into compared to sheep. Women represented 71% of the keepers of goats. Predictive models of ownership
were developed using logistic regression. The results showed that younger household members (p < 0.05) especially young women (60%) are more likely to own small ruminants. Owners of small ruminants are less likely to
be involved in off-farm activities and would often have no access to credit facilities. Gender, ethnicity, and perception
of risk associated with species are the major factors affecting people’s choice of species. These findings highlight the financing
and insurance roles that small ruminants, particularly goats, are playing in the study area. In order to develop suitable
technologies and formulate policies to improve productivity and enhance livelihoods, the constraints to goat production need
to be identified, and the local knowledge of the keepers should be investigated.
相似文献
| Luc Hippolyte DossaEmail: Email: |
6.
为理解我国养殖业结构调整中农户大量退出生猪散养这一突出现象,本研究尝试在经典可持续生计分析框架的基础上,提出局部生计系统、生计功能、生计依赖和生计突破等概念,构建农户退出生猪散养的分析框架,并将农户按照生计功能分为收入多样化户、猪肉自给户和风险防范户3类,同时利用农户调查数据展开实证研究。结果表明:退出现象表现为各类农户同时但不同程度的退出;不同类型农户退出的驱动因素可能不同,同一因素对不同类型农户退出的作用机制也可能不同;有利的地理和交通条件、户主低龄化、耕地资源短缺和非农就业等因素相互交织是收入多样化农户退出的主要原因;交通条件、非农务工、非农经营和总收入增长引起的消费偏好改变是猪肉自给农户退出的主要原因;生存风险显著降低是风险防范农户退出的主要原因。最后提出了应对农户退出生猪散养的政策建议。 相似文献
7.
王睿 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6):35-41
通过建立分位数回归模型,分析了自我信贷配给农村家庭财务能力水平与其非正规借贷规模之间的关系,实证结果显示：具有自我信贷配给特征的农村家庭,家庭财务能力与非正规借贷数量显著正相关;其中财务能力较低组农村家庭,其财务能力与借贷规模呈显著负相关关系;财务能力中等组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响;财务能力较高组农村家庭,其借贷规模受到财务能力的正向影响越大。从而验证了我国农村“越穷越借,越借越穷”与“量入为出,不愿负债”并存的现象。因此,加强农村金融知识培训与普及、引导农村居民形成理性财务思维,提高农村家庭财务能力将有助于农村家庭更好地通过使用非正规借贷优化家庭财务效用。 相似文献
8.
数字普惠金融在降低家庭金融准入门槛的同时也增加了家庭的财务风险。基于CHFS2013-2019年微观调查数据进行实证检验,以家庭过度负债为研究重点分析数字普惠金融对家庭财务风险的影响,探究数字普惠金融对家庭部门财务风险的影响机制与作用路径。研究发现,数字普惠金融通过增加家庭高风险型债务的方式扩大家庭过度负债风险,进而导致家庭偿债能力与资产流动性降低,增大家庭财务风险。进一步研究发现,中低收入家庭与农村家庭等财务弱势家庭更易受到数字普惠金融影响从而导致过度负债与财务风险扩大。政府应完善数字金融监管制度,加强社会金融福利保障体系建设,引导数字普惠金融市场良性发展。 相似文献
9.
农户风险处理策略分析 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27
本文以农户内部具有有效的风险防范和处理机制为基本前提，归纳和描述了几种农户风险处理策略及其特点。农户的风险管理策略是理性的，小规模农户的防范和处理风险的策略也是有效的。农户的风险处理策略对保障家庭经济奠定起到了重要作用。 相似文献
10.
Angela Steward 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(1):75-92
Over the past 15 years income sources in the Amazonian community of Carvão have diversified to include government salaries, retirement and welfare benefits, and wages from an evolving informal service sector. These non-farm incomes are now more important to household incomes than the sale of agricultural products. Out of 80 households only three families were found to depend almost entirely on the sale of agricultural goods for cash income. Agriculture is still a part of most families’ livelihoods; however, production today is mainly a subsistence activity. Recent changes in Carvão are consistent with trends of livelihood diversification observed in rural societies across the globe. However, current research reveals that Carvão is different from other case studies in a number of ways. A history of livelihoods illustrates that residents in Carvão have always engaged in a range of activities, including farming, extractive activities, and wage labor. New incomes are the result of new jobs in the public sector and social policies benefiting the rural poor. In contrast to the literature on livelihood diversification, the decentralization of the federal government in Brazil has resulted in greater opportunities for rural income and employment. Consistent with recorded trends, research shows that small farmers in Carvão have down-sized agricultural production. Farmers cite low market prices (the result of vertical integration of local markets) as one cause of this decline. Residents, especially small farmers, interested in diversifying agricultural production are limited by inadequate extension services and credit, and younger residents seek public sector employment. Income diversification has increased livelihoods security; however, future livelihoods will depend on new economic growth. Given the stagnating public sector and a weak industrial sector, production geared toward growing urban markets is a viable means for further income generation in Carvão. 相似文献
11.
Urban agriculture, social capital, and food security in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Courtney M. Gallaher John M. Kerr Mary Njenga Nancy K. Karanja Antoinette M. G. A. WinklerPrins 《Agriculture and Human Values》2013,30(3):389-404
Much of the developing world, including Kenya, is rapidly urbanizing. Rising food and fuel prices in recent years have put the food security of the urban poor in a precarious position. In cities worldwide, urban agriculture helps some poor people gain access to food, but urban agriculture is less common in densely populated slums that lack space. In the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya, households have recently begun a new form of urban agriculture called sack gardening in which vegetables such as kale and Swiss chard are planted into large sacks filled with topsoil. This paper examines relationships among sack gardening, social capital, and food security in Kibera. We used a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with a household survey, as well as focus group discussions with both farmers and non-farmers. We present evidence that sack gardening increases social capital, especially for those households that undertake sack gardening in groups. We also find that sack gardening in the Kibera slums has a positive impact on household food security by improving household dietary diversity and by reducing the need to resort to painful coping mechanisms that are used during food shortages. 相似文献
12.
中国农村家庭能源消费现状与发展 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
王效华 《南京农业大学学报》1994,17(3):134-141
以中国６县３２４０户农村家庭生活能源消费及相关问题的抽样调查为基础，揭示了农村家庭生活用能水平和构成在各地区间存在的差异，这种差异主要取决于当地能量资源的可获得量。自前农村家庭生活年户用能源一般为７００～１２００ｋｇｃｅ，其中炊事用能占４０％～６０％，生物质能占６０％～９０％，柴草灶的热效率在１０％～２０％。生物质的使用在一些地区已超过合理水平。商品能耗随收入的增加而增加，其中电力增加最为迅速，未来一段时期虽可能出现多元化的能源消费结构，但以生物质燃料为主的能源消费结构不会有重大改变。 相似文献
13.
基于金融约束视域对我国农村家庭创业及收入情况进行分析,发现我国农村居民家庭创业及收入普遍都受到了金融约束的影响,并且其影响程度与城市存在差异,农村家庭创业及资产收益相对城市家庭具有较高的金融约束。金融约束导致农村金融资源非农化,扩大了城乡收入及消费差距,导致农村劳动力失业。提出了农村金融优化建议:改革农村金融制度;促进民间金融的发展;提高农业财政资金的投入,增加农民福利。 相似文献
14.
Development interventions,changing livelihoods,and the making of female Maasai pastoralists 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elizabeth Edna Wangui 《Agriculture and Human Values》2008,25(3):365-378
The broad objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of gendered aspects of livelihood strategies and their interaction
with various development interventions. Central to this is an empirical analysis of gendered divisions of labor in the context
of rapidly changing pastoralist livelihoods. The paper begins with a literature review on gender roles in pastoralist societies.
Two important gaps in the existing literature are identified. First, studies on gender roles are too often studies on women’s
roles as men’s roles are rarely included. Secondly, despite a recognition that pastoral livelihoods are rapidly changing,
much of the research has ignored the gendered impacts of this change. The study area is Loitokitok Division, Kajiado District,
Kenya. Field data were collected in an extensive household survey, key informant interviews, and group discussions held in
two field seasons between 2001 and 2004. Results indicate that development interventions led to land use encapsulation, sedentarization,
new ways of accessing dry season grazing areas, new land uses, new livestock breeds, and increased school enrollment. In the
context of these livelihood changes and increasing drought, a fundamental shift in gendered roles in livestock production
has occurred. Maasai women in the study area contribute more labor to livestock production than men do. Various efforts to
modernize the livestock sector are leading to a loss of women’s control of milk resources. This finding has important implications
for current and future development interventions in pastoralist communities and their ability to improve livelihoods of the
most vulnerable sections of the population.
相似文献
| Elizabeth Edna WanguiEmail: |
15.
基于CFPS数据库实证探讨农村家庭贫困脆弱性水平和关键影响因素。结论如下：中国农村家庭贫困脆弱性总体先下降、后反弹上升，且不同地域分布的农户和不同家庭特征的农户家庭贫困脆弱性存在显著差异。同时，农村贫困脆弱家庭中长期脆弱家庭和动态脆弱家庭也并存；农户家庭特征和外部发展条件显著影响农村家庭贫困脆弱性，户主年长、家有患病人员、家有较多老人与未成年子女以及经历自然灾害等情况加剧家庭贫困脆弱性。户主高学历、家有较多劳动力，家庭成员参与医疗、养老保险以及家庭可便捷获取教育、医疗和信息服务，家庭贫困脆弱性有效缓解。农民职业技能培训、耕地占有量和家庭社会关系网络及农村农业机械化与合作组织发展未产生有效的贫困脆弱缓解效应。 相似文献
16.
初始禀赋差异、农业补贴与农地流转选择——全国8省30村的微观实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究农户家庭土地禀赋、人力资源禀赋、财产禀赋的差异和国家农业补贴政策对农地流转选择的影响,从而分析农地流转的根本动因。【方法】基于2010年全国8省、1 585个农户的微观入户调查数据,采用二元分位数选择模型和贝叶斯估计方法,测算不同初始禀赋和国家农业补贴政策对农户转出和转入农地的选择影响。【结果】各种资源禀赋和政策变量对农户农地流转的选择并不具有稳定的单调关系,而是呈现明显的分位数效应。【结论】农地的社会保障功能与农地流转的增收效应存在替代关系,对于初始禀赋处于劣势的农户,农地的社会保障功能更加显著;种粮补贴、良种补贴、农资补贴对农户转入农地的激励作用有限;农业补贴政策应与农村劳动力的职业技能培训相结合;小额信贷对农地流转具有明显作用。 相似文献
17.
Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China： An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China. 相似文献
18.
生计资本对农村家庭创业的影响研究--基于家庭生命周期的异质性视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新冠肺炎疫情和产业转型升级的背景下,农村创业成为解决农村劳动力就业问题的有效途径。本文在可持续生计分析框架下,研究生计资本对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业的影响,并就改进的家庭生命周期模型,进一步分析了不同家庭生命周期阶段下生计资本对家庭创业行为的异质性影响。主要研究结论如下。①生计资本对农村家庭非农创业、农业创业和多行业创业行为都有促进作用,其中人力资本对非农创业和多行业创业行为的边际贡献最大,物质资本对农业创业行为边际贡献最大。②家庭生命周期对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业行为都有影响,其中相比较其他家庭,抚养期和负担期的家庭开展非农创业活动的可能性最高,抚养期和稳定期的家庭从事农业创业活动的可能性最高。③处于不同家庭生命周期阶段的非农创业和农业创业行为影响因素有较大差异。④生计资本对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业绩效有正向影响。为了更好地应对农村劳动力就业问题,可从农村家庭生计资本改善上实施政策,建议把握各类家庭的规律和特点,使政策更为精准地定位到家庭需求,从而使得政策更有效率。 相似文献
19.
Mengke YUAN Yuanpeng GAO Jing HAN Teng WU Jingcheng ZHANG Yongke WEI Yong ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(2):171-180
Transgenic ruminants are a valuable resource for both animal breeding and biomedical research. The development of transgenic breeding is proceeding slowly, because it suffers from low efficiency of gene transfer and possible safety problems from uncontrolled random integration. However, new breeding methods combined with genome editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer or microinjection can offer an economic and efficient way to produce gene-edited ruminants, which can serve as bioreactors or have improved disease resistance, animal welfare and product quality. Recent advances in precise genome editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 nucleases, are enabling the systematic development of gene-edited ruminant production. This review covers the development of gene-edited ruminants, the particulars of site-specific engineered nucleases and the state of the art and new insights into practical applications and social acceptance of genome editing technology in ruminants. It is concluded that the production of gene-edited ruminants is feasible and through improvements in genome editing technology it is possible to help feed the world. 相似文献
20.
Commercial cash crop production and households’ economic welfare: Evidence from the pulse farmers in rural China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Whether promoting cash crop production can increase household welfare has long been the focus of the food policy debate. This study first investigated the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming. It then examined how households’ commercial pulse production improves their economic welfare. We used a dataset of 848 households collected from 2018 to 2019 to estimate the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming by the Heckman two-step model. The endogenous treatment regression (ETR) method was employed to examine the impact of commercial pulse farming on household economic welfare. The results showed that factors such as market purchase prices, agricultural technology services, farmers’ access to loans, and government subsidies promoted smallholders’ commercial pulse farming; production costs and perceptions of climate change risks constrained smallholders’ commercial pulse production. Overall, commercial pulse production has increased household farm income but there was a limited impact on household off-farm income. Our findings suggest that policies aiming to increase households’ cash crop production and market access could significantly improve the economic welfare of pulse farmers. 相似文献