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1.
湘南红壤区牧草生产的气候模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用湖南省祁阳县的长期气象数据，结合不同牧草的生长特性，建立了一个反映当地牧草生长状况的气候模拟模型，并据此气候模型评价了当地气候条件对牧草生产的影响，鉴定了牧草周年生长的限制性因子。根据气候模型预测出温带牧草的最佳播种时期在１０月中旬至１１月下旬，热带牧草最好在３月下旬至４月中旬播种。牧草生长气候模型还可用于指导牧草品种筛选及牧草生产管理。 相似文献
2.
《江西畜牧兽医杂志》1993,(2)
<正> 众多的研究资料表明,牧草的最佳营养期是在牧草的抽穗、孕蕾到开花这一时期。所谓最佳营养期,就是指牧草生长发育过程中,营养物质含量最丰富的时期,也就是营养价值最高的时期。牧草生长初期,水分含量高而干物质含量较少;生长后期,水分逐渐减少,干物 相似文献
3.
高寒山区牧草生长过程中低温保护物质的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以生长在高寒山区的多年生和一年生牧草为材料，研究了牧草生长过程中叶中可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸、碳水化合物等低温保护物质含量的变化，分析了它们对植物叶片含水量和低温生长过程的关系。结果表明，在生长季中，多年生牧草叶片含水量相对较低，四种牧草平均叶片含水量在56．4％－71．8％，而一年牧草叶片含水量较高，为87．0％。总体看，抗冷力强的多年生牧草中低温保护物质明显高于抗冷力弱的一年生牧草。其中，随着生长季节温增高，多年生牧草叶中脯氨酸含量下降，下降幅度平均为64．5％，在晚秋气温下降时又回升。生长季中牧草叶中可溶性蛋白质含量增加，尤其是苜蓿和无芒雀麦。几种多年生禾草叶片碳水化合物含量一直较高，可溶性糖在生长季呈上升趋势。这表明低温保护物质不仅在多年生牧草越冬中起着重要作用，而且与牧草低温生长相关。同时，牧草叶片含水量在维持低温光合作用、控制生长速率、平衡机体能量代谢及低温保护物质积累与转运上起重要调节作用。 相似文献
4.
冰草品种旱作栽培比较试验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
三年的品种比较试验表明，冰草属牧草在乌鲁木齐地区不灌水、不施肥的旰作栽培条件下，生长正常、表现良好，其中以萨米特冰草表现最好，无论从产草量、产种量还是营养成分先进方面均表现最佳。参试的牧草中产量最高的还有航道冰草及两种沙芦草。 相似文献
5.
本文根据苏尼特右旗2005~2017年降水量、平均气温及牧草返青期、枯黄期等资料,分析了内蒙古苏尼特右旗牧草的生长发育期和与牧草生长发育相关的气候特征,从而分析了适合该地区的最佳休牧时间。结果表明:苏尼特右旗牧草返青期为4月中下旬,牧草枯黄期为9月中旬到10月中旬;5~9月的气温、降水量适合牧草的生长发育,是牧草生长的主要时期,6月份的透雨使牧草进入积极生长期;最佳休牧时间为4月下旬开始到6月底结束。 相似文献
6.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2016,(3)
本文以扁穗冰草、蒙古冰草、沙打旺等6种牧草品种为例,以有机肥、化肥和废渣为主要肥料,采用了正交试验设计,分析了草原上的牧草品种以及施肥方式和肥料的选择对牧草的影响,以此来筛选出最适合在荒漠草原上生长的牧草,以及牧草的最佳种植组合,希望能对相关方面的研究提供一点参考。 相似文献
7.
人工种植牧草应合理施肥 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
许多农户认为牧草也是草，不需要管理，这种看法是错误的。牧草与其它农作物一样，需要科学种植，精心管理。这里主要介绍一下牧草种植中的合理施肥问题。肥料是牧草生产中的物质基础，也是提高牧草产量的前提。在一定范围内，施肥越多，牧草产量越高。但施肥不当，将会引起牧草生长不良而减产。因此，必须了解牧草的生长规律，进行合理施肥，以满足牧草生长的营养需要，提高种植牧草的经济效益。１合理施肥的原则１．１根据牧草的种类及生育时期牧草的种类不同，所需要的肥料种类、数量也不同。禾本科牧草无根瘤氮素吸收作用，对氮素需要量… 相似文献
8.
稀土是牧草生产中一种重要的生长促进剂,在一定的有效浓度范围内对种子萌发、植株生长以及豆科牧草根瘤发育有明显的促进效果。通过以硝酸稀土(纯度为38％)为试验材料的研究表明,在河南省自然气候条件下,对禾草有效的稀土浓度为500 mg/kg,平均增产幅度为8.5％;对豆科牧草有效的稀土浓度为500-600mg/kg,平均增产幅度为8.8％,施用方法以浸种法最佳。 相似文献
9.
试验研究改良山区草场，筛选适宜鲁中山区自然条件的牧草品种，测定牧草的适应性，抗逆性，物候期，产草量，产籽量，再策略，选择草场改良的最佳草食畜禽生长的物质基础，为促进山区畜牧业发展，自１９９０年开始进行引种良种牧草，改良荒山，草坡，草场的试验研究，通过六年多的试验，了解和掌握了多种牧草在当地自然条件下生长表现，抗逆性能，产草量，改良草场的效果及其影响，选择出适应当地生态环境的优质牧草，为搞好人工种草 相似文献
10.
稀土是牧草生产中一种重要的生长促进剂,在一定的有效浓度范围内对种子萌发、植株生长以及豆科牧草根瘤发育有明显的促进效果.通过以硝酸稀土(纯度为38%)为试验材料的研究表明,在河南省自然气候条件下,对禾草有效的稀土浓度为500 ,平均增产幅度为8.5%;对豆科牧草有效的稀土浓度为500~600 mg/kg,平均增产幅度为8.8%,施用方法以浸种法最佳. 相似文献
11.
GIS支持下的天然牧草产草量区域预报模型研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为了建立天然牧草产草量区域预报模型,利用呼伦贝尔市所属16个旗县的气象台站1989-2005年的各时段气温、降水量、日照时数和鄂温克旗天然牧草产草量观测资料,应用积分回归、模糊数学中隶属函数的统计方法,在地理信息系统(GIS)的平台上,建立了呼伦贝尔草地天然牧草生物量区域预报模型。结果表明,基准单元预报模式模拟的拟合率较高,平均准确率为95%,试报2004和2005年牧草产草量,相对误差分别在5%和7%左右;选取与当地的草地第一生产力密切相关、地理分布基本一致的牧草气候资源可利用系数,建立了牧草产量区域预报模式,此模式可应用于任意区域牧草产量预报。 相似文献
12.
This study investigated the effect of successive harvests of grazable herbage around cattle faecal pats on the population dynamics of infective gastrointestinal nematode larvae (L(3)). Faecal material, collected from naturally infected calves, was deposited as pats during summer, autumn and winter on three different topographical aspects within a moist, temperate region of New Zealand. Herbage was harvested four times (22-248 days) from around the faecal pats to a height of 2cm in three radial zones (0-20cm, 20-35cm and 35-45cm from the centre of the faecal pat) and L(3) extracted. Harvest date was determined by herbage mass to simulate grazing events. L(3) extracted from herbage were predominantly Cooperia spp. More L(3) were recovered from faeces deposited in summer and autumn, than those deposited during winter. L(3) concentration on herbage was highest (P<0.001) in the zone nearest the pat for all except the fourth harvest. Mean concentrations of L(3) on herbage were 11,447, 3154, 337 and 102 L(3)/kg dry matter herbage, for the four successive harvests, respectively. Microclimate differences as affected by aspect had a marked effect on herbage growth, but did not significantly affect L(3) concentration on herbage. In this study, L(3) remained aggregated close to the faecal pats they emerged from even after two successive harvests and significant rainfall. Successive harvests simulated the effect of repeated grazing events by a non-infective stock class. Two such grazings and the associated time, reduced L(3) presence on grazable herbage to <3% of the original population. Grazing strategies to generate clean pasture for vulnerable cattle are discussed in relation to these results. 相似文献
13.
R C Krecek K D Murrell L W Douglass 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1990,57(2):133-135
Assessments were made of the influence of several microclimatic variables on the availability of third-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi, on pasture herbage. Variables most closely related to recovery of larvae from the lower herbage samples were: maximum air, mat and dung temperatures. Recovery of larvae from the upper portion of the herbage was closely correlated with dung temperature, sampling-time air temperature and maximum air temperature. Bearing in mind that the moisture threshold was maintained throughout the trial the results of this study suggest that under field conditions, larval movement of third-stage O. ostertagi larvae on herbage is regulated primarily by temperature. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原不同海拔高度对禾本科牧草体外消化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用大板山北坡3200m-3800m的海拔梯度,分别在3200m、3400m、3600m和3800m处选取羊茅、一年生早熟禾和(艹洽)草用二级离体培养法测定其体外消化率。1999和2000年测定结果表明,随着海拔的升高,3种牧草的体外消化率呈增加趋势,海拔从3200m升到3800m,羊茅、早熟禾、(艹洽)草的体外消化率分别增加6.42、6.35、8.69和4.89、9.8和5.1个百分点。显著性分析结果表明,供试牧草的体外消化率与其生长的海拔高度之间的正相关关系差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
15.
Gregorini P Gunter SA Bowman MT Caldwell JD Masino CA Coblentz WK Beck PA 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(11):3824-3830
Two complementary experiments were completed to assess short-term foraging dynamics, diet quality, and ruminal degradation kinetics of herbage consumed by steers with 3 levels of herbage depletion. Experiment 1 was a behavioral study in which 2 ruminally cannulated steers were allocated to grazing scenarios simulating 3 levels of herbage depletion. These treatments included an ungrazed sward (control), as well as medium and high levels of herbage depletion. Grazing scenarios were sampled for sward surface height and amount of green leaf and stem before being grazed. Foraging dynamics were determined through measurements of bite rate, bite depth, eating step rate, eating distance, potential area consumed while grazing, and bites and intake per eating step. Also, quality of potential herbage consumed was estimated from hand-plucked herbage. In Exp. 2, ruminal degradation kinetics of DM for samples of herbage consumed (masticate) by steers during Exp. 1 were assessed in situ using 5 ruminally cannulated steers. The immediately soluble, degraded, and undegraded DM fractions were determined. The DM disappearance rate and lag times were determined from a nonlinear regression model, and the effective degradability of DM was calculated. Herbage depletion resulted in increased eating steps/minute, as well as the potential area harvested while grazing (P < 0.05) and reduced herbage intake/eating step (P < 0.05). Neither the herbage potentially consumed nor the ruminal degradation kinetics was affected by extent of depletion (P > 0.05). Under these experimental conditions, steers adapted their foraging dynamic and were able to sustain diet quality in the short term. These results imply that behavioral adaptations would make diet quality less sensitive to certain levels of herbage depletion. 相似文献
16.
17.
A. Schiborra M. Gierus H. W. Wan T. Glindemann C. J. Wang A. Susenbeth F. Taube 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(4):446-454
The objective of this study was to investigate dietary selection of sheep grazing semi‐arid grassland in Inner Mongolia, China, using the difference in organic matter digestibility (OMD) of herbage ingested and herbage on offer as indicator for selection. Faecal N was used as digestibility index for herbage ingested (FOMD), while OMD of herbage on offer (GOMD) was estimated from gas production obtained by the Hohenheim gas test. It was hypothesized that the difference between FOMD and GOMD is high, when grazing animals select against low quality herbage provided that herbage is abundant. In a grazing experiment, six grazing intensities (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 sheep/ha), representing light to very heavy grazing intensity for the semi‐arid grassland, were compared. The amount of herbage on offer decreased with increasing grazing intensity. Independent statistical analysis of FOMD and GOMD showed that the differences between grazing intensities for both OMD determinations (FOMD: 54.0–57.3%, GOMD: 55.2–57.5%) were not significant (p > 0.05). The difference between FOMD and GOMD was not significant for grazing intensities, but varied between sampling periods from ?4 to 1 percentage units. In conclusion, the lack of significance for the difference between FOMD and GOMD suggests that for the semi‐arid grassland of Inner Mongolia, China, sheep did not select their feed due to a homogeneous nutritional composition of herbage on offer in 2005, regardless of grazing intensity. 相似文献
18.
草畜平衡管理系列研究（5）——牧草产量月动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于在锡林郭勒和呼伦贝尔等草原地区所获得的草地生产力监测数据,介绍了获取草地牧草产量月动态系数的方法。对不同类型草地以及不同地区同一类型草地上的牧草产量月动态进行了比较。检测了不同放牧压力对牧草产量月动态的影响。结果表明,牧草产量的月动态具有相对稳定的特点。各类草地以及不同放牧压力下牧草产量消长的趋势较为一致。大多数草地的牧草最高产量出现在8月份。基于我国北方主要草原地区的气候相似性,本研究介绍的获取草地牧草产量月动态系数的方法以及部分系数值可以推广应用到其他类似的地区。 相似文献
19.
通过在太行山低山丘陵区的试验研究，系统地总结了在干旱山地人工种草从引种栽培的一系列综合配套技术，从一个侧面反庆子干旱山地综合治理中，牧草与林果的复合栽培在培肥土壤，改良低产农田和提高果园生产力等方面的作用；为在太行山区开展人工种草提供了依据。 相似文献
20.
年干旱对内蒙古鄂温克地区天然牧草影响分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(6):53-53
2015年,鄂温克地区牧草生长需水关键期（6月15日—7月20日）,降水比历年同期少75.8%;气温比历年同期高1.7℃;0~20 cm土壤相对湿度最低为14.6%,属于极干墒标准;7月31日地上生物量鲜重比历年同期少32.3%,牧草盖度比历年同期少12%。通过2004—2015年鄂温克地区数据分析,地上最大生物量与牧草生长需水关键期降水总量呈正向显著（双侧0.05水平）相关,降水总量每增减1 mm,牧草产量将增减19.7 kg/hm2。 相似文献