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1.
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(1)
为了解异分支酸合酶1(ICS1,水杨酸合成的限速酶)在甘蓝型油菜抗病过程中的功能,以甘蓝型油菜耐菌核病品种宁RS-1为材料,在核盘菌侵染时,研究甘蓝型油菜ICS1基因和水杨酸信号通路相关基因的诱导表达。首先利用同源序列法克隆得到宁RS-1中ICS1基因的c DNA序列,命名为Bn ICS1。Bn ICS1序列全长1 719bp,编码572个氨基酸残基,含有1个分支酸结合域。表明油菜中也存在异分支酸途径。接种核盘菌前、后及不同时期荧光实时定量PCR结果发现Bn ICS1在核盘菌接种后6hpi(接种后6h)表达量升高,但是24hpi后降低;而MPK4基因的表达量在6hpi降低,24hpi后升高,说明SA合成先是被核盘菌诱导,但随后又被抑制。EDS5基因和PR1基因表达量从接种后6hpi持续升高,而PDF1.2基因的表达量不断降低,说明SA信号通路最终受核盘菌诱导形成病斑,而茉莉酸途径及其诱导的植物防御反应受到抑制。 相似文献
2.
为探讨向日葵抗菌核病分子机制，在已构建的核盘菌诱导向日葵转录组差异表达基因分析基础上，筛选了8个向日葵防卫相关基因和水杨酸（SA）、茉莉（JA）及茉莉酸-乙烯（JA/ET）信号途径中的关键调控基因进行了qRT-PCR诱导表达分析。结果表明，当核盘菌侵染向日葵时，向日葵防御酶基因表达量与对照相比均有显著的变化，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）基因在6h表达量分别为对照25.02、22.34和26.25倍；苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和查尔酮合成酶（CHS）基因也上调表达，表达量在12h均达到最高，分别为对照的23.89、24.23和24.89倍；β-1，3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）基因在0～6h下调表达，之后又迅速升高，24h表达量达到最高，为对照的23.66倍；几丁质酶（CHI）基因先是下调表达，12h后开始上调表达，36h时表达量达到最高，为对照的22.13倍。SA、JA及JA/ET信号途径中的调控基因与未经诱导的相比均有明显的转录水平变化，而且JA/ET途径“节”点基因PDF1.2和SA-JA“节”点基因NPR1、MPK4和EDS1也明显上调表达。研究结果表明核盘菌诱导激发了向日葵多种抗病信号传导途径及防御反应，暗示向日葵对核盘菌侵染响应的分子机制受到多基因网络系统的调控。 相似文献
3.
油菜与核盘菌相互作用的过程中，JA（茉莉酸）合成相关基因表达量升高，但是JA信号传递却受到了抑制，推测核盘菌分泌的效应蛋白可能直接或间接作用于JAR1蛋白，使其活性降低，从而抑制依赖JA途径的油菜防御系统。前期通过转录组测序获得了差异表达基因BnJar1全长序列，为进一步揭示BnJar1基因参与油菜-核盘菌相互作用过程的机理，本研究对BnJAR1蛋白进行生物信息学分析和预测，构建了核盘菌-油菜互作表达基因酵母文库，并以BnJar1作为诱饵蛋白对文库进行酵母双杂交筛选，获得了5个来自油菜的互作蛋白：丙二烯氧化物环化酶2(BnAOC2)、COP9信号复合物（BnCOP9）、4a-羟基四氢生物蝶呤脱水酶（BnDcoH）、腈水解酶2(BnNIT2)和茎特异性蛋白（BnTSJT1）;2个来自核盘菌的互作蛋白：MFS结构域蛋白（SsMFS）和Rho3 GTP酶（SsRho3）。相关结果为研究油菜-核盘菌的相互作用，挖掘致病或抗病相关基因，进一步解析其机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
类甜蛋白（thaumatin-like protein，TLP）是病程相关蛋白第5家族蛋白，在部分物种中发现有的TLP蛋白C端融合了激酶结构域。为探讨该类融合基因在植物与病原菌互作中的作用，通过生物信息学方法在甘蓝型油菜中鉴定到一个N端具有TLP结构域，C端为富含丝氨酸苏氨酸受体类激酶结构域的基因（BnTLK1）并成功克隆该基因。序列分析表明BnTLK1第254至276个氨基酸具有典型的跨膜结构，三级结构形成两个明显独立的TLP和激酶结构域。转录组数据显示，该基因在多个组织中表达丰度较低，此外，相比于菌核病感病品种Westar，高抗品种ZY821中其表达丰度较高，且核盘菌诱导后表达明显上调，表明该基因可能参与油菜抗菌核病过程。为了验证BnTLK1对核盘菌等真菌的影响，通过原核表达系统成功表达BnTLK1蛋白，在0.4 mmol/L IPTG和17℃低温条件下诱导培养，最终获得BnTLK1可溶性蛋白，抑菌实验发现BnTLK1能够抑制核盘菌和灰霉菌丝的生长。 相似文献
5.
甲基茉莉酸、苯丙噻重氮、草酸 诱导油菜对菌核病的抗性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用温室盆栽方法研究甲基茉莉酸(MeJA) 、苯丙噻重氮(BTH)和草酸(OA)诱导油菜对菌核病产生的 局部和系统抗性。结果表明, 0. 01～1. 0mmol/L BTH, 0. 1～1. 0mmol/L MeJA和0. 5～15mmol/L OA均能有效诱导 局部和系统抗性,系统抗性比局部抗性产生晚。Trypan blue染色结果表明,在MeJA,BTH和低浓度OA诱导过的油 菜叶片中,菌丝生长受到抑制,表现为菌丝变粗、弯曲。较低浓度(如0. 01mmol/L MeJA, 0. 5mmol/L OA)下虽然易 诱导局部抗性,而系统抗性较弱, 0. 01mmol/L MeJA几乎不诱导系统抗性。高浓度(如20mmol/L以上)OA有致病 作用。 相似文献
6.
油菜与核盘菌互作分子机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌核病是由核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary）引起的真菌性病害,每年导致油菜（Brassica napus L.）产量损失10%-20%,是制约我国油菜生产最主要的病害。培育抗（耐）病油菜品种是防治油菜菌核病最为经济有效的途径。本文主要综述了近五年油菜-核盘菌互作分子机制的研究进展。研究表明：（1）核盘菌侵染寄主早期存在活体营养型阶段;（2）草酸提供的酸性pH,而非草酸本身,是核盘菌的必需致病因子;（3）核盘菌有效地利用效应蛋白抑制寄主的抗病反应或者诱导寄主细胞坏死以帮助其侵染;（4）油菜对菌核病的抗性具有中等遗传力,为数量抗性;（5）病原相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular pattern, PAMP）引发的免疫反应（PAMP-triggered immunity, PTI）是油菜对核盘菌产生数量抗性的主要根源;（6）功能基因组学研究表明抗（耐）病油菜材料防卫反应更加剧烈,能有效调控细胞内的氧化还原平衡状态,及时清除过量活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）的积累,抑制细胞死亡。核盘菌-油菜互作分子机制的研究将有助于指导油菜抗菌核病育种。 相似文献
7.
核盘菌是危害十字花科作物生产的重要病原菌。核盘菌诱导寄主产生过量活性氧（ROS），造成寄主细胞死亡，硫氧还蛋白（Trx）在寄主抗氧化过程中起重要作用。筛选并鉴定硫氧还蛋白（Trx），分析其与核盘菌抗性的关系，将为植物抗菌核病育种提供基因资源。本研究通过生物信息学及转录组数据分析，从拟南芥中筛选到一个关键Trx基因AtTrx5。AtTrx5与甘蓝型油菜BnaA08g04320D的亲缘关系最近，氨基酸相似性为85%。油菜同源基因Trx5表现出上调表达。AtTrx5超表达植株在接种核盘菌24 h后的菌斑面积相比野生型（WT）减小30%～39%，而AtTrx5基因T-DNA突变体的菌斑面积比WT增加39.2%。在侵染过程中超表达转基因拟南芥中AtTrx5的表达量均高于WT，而T-DNA突变体中AtTrx5的表达量则低于WT。DAB染色、H2O2含量、·O2-含量测定结果表明，侵染过程中拟南芥T-DNA突变体中积累的ROS高于WT，超表达转基因拟南芥中积累的ROS少于WT。 相似文献
8.
从接种核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)后的甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号cDNA芯片中筛选出一个新的抗性相关基因BnERF50。序列分析表明该基因产物BnERF50蛋白含有一个典型的ERF(乙烯相应转录因子)保守结构域,属于ERF家族成员。接种核盘菌24h后,该基因的表达量被诱导显著上调。在它的超表达转基因拟南芥中,病原相关蛋白(PR)防御素基因PDF1.2和几丁质酶基因ChiB的表达量升高,对腐生营养型真菌核盘菌的抗性显著增强。 相似文献
9.
甘蓝型油菜BnERF104超表达增强了转基因拟南芥对核盘菌的抗性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据拟南芥乙烯响应因子AtERF104的序列设计保守引物,从甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号中克隆到AtERF104的同源基因BnERF104。序列分析表明BnERF104蛋白含有一个典型的ERF domain保守结构域,属于乙烯响应转录因子ERF家族的成员。甘蓝型油菜用核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)接种6h后,BnERF104基因被诱导显著上调表达。BnERF104基因在拟南芥中的超表达提高了病原相关蛋白(PR)防御素PDF1.2和几丁质酶ChiB基因的表达量,显著增强了对腐生营养型真菌核盘菌的抗性。 相似文献
10.
油菜诱变和离体草酸筛选抗菌核病材料 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
以油菜华双3号为材料，研究辐射诱变和离体草酸处理筛选抗菌核病材料的方法和技术，结果表明，用于离体筛选种的辐照剂量以40－120Krad为宜，用草酸处理60Co-γ射线照射种子产生的试管苗（一轮草酸筛选），或用草酸处理辐照种子及种子产生的试管苗（两轮草酸筛选），获得49株抗草酸小苗，未经辐射处理的种子均未筛选出抗草酸小苗，将抗草酸小苗离体叶接种核盘菌菌丝体，获得9株抗（耐）核盘菌的小苗。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献