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1.
分析了广亲和品种02428,CP—SLO_(17)和轮回422与籼、粳稻杂种F_1、F_2及F_3世代亲和力与颖尖色的遗传特点,结果表明,具有一个广亲和品种的组合,F_1花粉育性与结实率正常,均在70%以上,F_2结实率呈连续变异,但主要分布在60～80%区域,平均结实率65.1%,F_3育性变异度与F_2基本一致,但平均结实率有明显提高。两个广亲和品种间杂交后代育性显著提高,F_2结实率低于60%的单株较少,而不含广亲和品种的组合F_1表现半不育,F_2呈正态分布,平均结实率43.4%,主要分布在40～60%之间。以上说明广亲和基因是存在的,广亲和力既受主效基因支配,也有微效基因参与作用。颖尖色出现3∶1或9∶7分离,有色颖尖与高结实率连锁明显,因此,颖尖色可以作为选择广亲和基因的标记性状。 相似文献
2.
分析大穗型杂交晚稻不同季别结实性变化．发现部分组合结实率季间变化差异显著，不同组合季问结实率变幅为-1．1％～25．1％。对结实率变幅大的组合的结实性构成分析结果表明，在适宜的生态条件下，有的大穗型杂交稻穗基部受精颖花发育成饱满籽粒的比例能显著提高，颖花受精率也获得较大提高．通过异季结实性观察，有助于提高大穗型杂交稻结实性选择的效果，并充分发挥大穗型杂交稻生产利用潜力。 相似文献
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粘类小麦雄性不育系F_1结实性状的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用MINQUE统计方法、加性-显性(AD)及其与环境互作的遗传模型,对粘类小麦雄性不育系和恢复系杂交F1小穗两边结实数、中间结实数等结实性状进行了分析。结果表明,粘类小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性主要以加性效应为主,其次是显性效应,加性方差占表现型方差的比例变幅为38%~48%;不育系(V)-90-110、(Ven)-90-110、(K)-224、(V)-224所配制的组合,在2个结实性状上,包括国内法、国际法,平均结实率均具有正向显著或极显著的加性效应,亲本5253、02-7-215、00-6-247、M8003具有使不育系恢复度提高的加性效应;双亲加性效应高的组合多数表现出其显性效应比较差;国际法恢复度高的组合(K-224×5253),究其原因是双亲国际法恢复度的加性效应高,尤其亲本5253国际法恢复度的加性效应在供试材料中是最高的,其显性效应也较高(36.14%);粘类小麦雄性不育系杂交结实率的高低与环境的互作相对较小,育性恢复性在年份间的表现比较稳定。 相似文献
5.
【研究目的】以江苏省育成的两个重要的超级杂交水稻组合为材料,观察了在江苏省生态条件下超级杂交稻的物质生产及产量表现特征,分析了超级杂交稻组合产量潜力发挥的限制因子。【结果】结果显示,杂交稻组合不论在常规密度还是在稀植条件下均表现出较好的生产能力,其产量优势主要体现在大穗特征,但结实性未见明显改善,结实率偏低。常规高产品种在常规密度下也表现出较高产量水平,但在稀植条件下产量大幅下降。超级杂交稻的物质生产能力较汕优63有一定提高,特别是生育后期物质生产能力显著增强,明显改善了杂交稻抽穗后物质生产能力弱的劣势。无论正常密度还是稀植条件,超级杂交稻茎鞘物质运转率无明显变化,显示出明显的类型特征。【结论】从以上结果可知,超级杂交稻实现产量进一步提高的关键,在于确保较高的群体颖花量的前提下,增加结实期物质生产,实现结实率的突破。适当降低密度,可增加结实期的物质生产量,从而达到改善结实特性的效果 相似文献
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籼粳交加倍单倍体后代性状遗传的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对一个典型的籼/粳组合、窄叶青8号/京系17的F1花药进行培养,所获二倍体花粉植株除约20%自然结实率为0外,其余植株的结实率在1%至正常结实之间,65%株系在75%以上,并稳定地传至自交后代。对130多个加倍单倍体(DH)多种性状的遗传进行了研究与分析,结果表明,花药培养可以克服籼/粳后代包括育性在内的各种性状长期分离不易 相似文献
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提高谷子杂交种结实率是提高谷子杂种优势的重要途径,谷子杂交种结实率低的原因除了外界因素外,库大而源相对不足是主要原因.提高杂交种结实率的途径一方面选用结实性好的适宜组合,另一方面还要提高栽培技术,加强田间管理. 相似文献
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开花期低温胁迫对四川攀西稻区水稻开花结实的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以3种籼稻品种和3种粳稻品种为试验材料, 利用人工气候室在开花期进行低温胁迫处理, 研究了低温胁迫对攀西稻区籼、粳稻开花和结实及两者间关系的影响。结果表明, 开花期低温胁迫下籼稻和粳稻的开花习性、花药和花粉特性和结实表现不同。常规粳稻开花对低温有较高的耐冷性。低温胁迫下籼稻品种(组合)花药体积、花药开裂率、可育花粉率、柱头着花粉数和柱头花粉萌发率较对照降低幅度均比粳稻品种(组合)大; 籼稻品种(组合)各产量构成因素较对照降低幅度比粳稻品种(组合)大。相关分析表明, 结实与水稻花药和花粉主要性状有密切关系。开花期低温胁迫影响花药和花粉发育成熟, 使花药不能正常开裂、散粉不足, 可育花粉率和柱头花粉萌发率降低, 直接影响受精结实, 成为结实率降低的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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反向核不育水稻育性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用超低能氮离子束对籼型品系99-02进行诱变处理,在其后代中筛选到育性转换特性特殊的核不育水稻FHS,为了详细考察其育性及育性转换条件,该文通过分期播种并结合光温处理,对FHS育性进行了研究,结果表明,在郑州地区,7月底到8月上旬育性稳定,为可育期;8月中旬到8月下旬可染率和自交结实率均低,部分可育,为育性转换期;8月下旬后可染率和自交结实率均为零,完全不育。结合气象资料和光温处理实验数据,得出FHS可育临界温度为27~28℃,不育临界温度为23~24℃。 相似文献
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Th. Jacobs 《Euphytica》1990,45(1):81-86
Summary Arrest of the growth of wheat leaf rust infection structures was studied with fluorescence microscopy in seedling leaves and flag leaves of the susceptible spring wheat genotypes Morocco and Kaspar and the partially resistant genotypes Westphal 12A and Akabozu. The percentages non-penetrants and substomatal vesicle abortion were low in all genotypes. In the partially resistant genotypes the percentage abortion of infection structures was higher than in the susceptible genotype Morocco. Aborted infection structures had formed one or two haustorial mother cells. In adult plants differences in the percentage aborted infection structures between susceptible and partially resistant genotypes were more pronounced than in seedlings. The so-called late abortion was not observed. 相似文献
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C. H. A. Snijders 《Euphytica》1990,50(2):171-179
Summary During a four year period, a total of 258 winter and spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for resistance to head blight after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum strain IPO 39-01. It was concluded that genetic variation for resistance is very large. Spring wheat genotypes which had been reported to be resistant to head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum were also resistant to F. culmorum. The resistant germplasm was divided into three gene pools: winter wheats from Eastern Europe, spring wheats from China/Japan and spring wheats from Brazil. In 32 winter wheat genotypes in 1987, and 54 winter wheat genotypes in 1989, the percentage yield reduction depended on the square root of percentage head blight with an average regression coefficient of 6.6. Heritability estimates indicated that for selection for Fusarium head blight resistance, visually assessed head blight was a better selection criterion than yield reduction. 相似文献
13.
Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with grain filling duration and grain number under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Davinder Sharma Rajender Singh Jagadish Rane Vijay Kumar Gupta Harohalli Masthigowda Mamrutha Ratan Tiwari 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):538-545
Terminal heat stress has the potential negative impact on wheat production across the world, especially in South Asia. Under the threat of terminal heat stress, wheat genotypes with stay green trait would suffer from high temperature stress during their long grain filling duration (GFD). The genotypes with short GFD would be advantageous. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heat tolerance, a RIL population of K 7903 (heat tolerant) and RAJ 4014 (heat sensitive) wheat genotypes was investigated under timely and late‐sown conditions. Heat susceptibility index of GFD, yield components and traits under late‐sown condition were used as phenotypic data for QTL identification. Stable QTLs associated with these traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3B, 5A and 6B. The LOD value ranged from 2.9 to 5.0 and the corresponding phenotyping variation explained ranged from 12.0–22%. QTL for heat susceptibility index for the grain filling duration were colocalized with QTL for productive tillers under late sown and GFD under late‐sown condition on chromosomes 1B and 5A, respectively. These genomic regions could be exploited for molecular wheat breeding programmes targeting heat tolerance. 相似文献
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Rabiul Alom Md. Abu Hasan Md. Rabiul Islam Qing-Feng Wang 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(5):383-392
Screening of wheat genotypes as salt tolerance through seed germination and early seedling growth is crucial for their evaluation. Seeds of 20 wheat genotypes were germinated in Petri dishes on a sand bed irrigated with saline (15 dS m-1) and control solutions for 10 days and also tested at different salinity levels (control, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS m-1) which were artificially developed in the soil for 30 days. At 10 days, germination percentage, rate of germination, co-efficient of germination, germination vigor index, shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight were found to be affected due to salinity. Salt tolerance index (STI) for seedling dry weight maintained a significant positive correlation with rate of germination, germination vigor index, shoot length, and root length, which indicates that these parameters could be used as selection criteria for screening wheat genotypes against salt stress. Significant differences in shoot length, root length, and seedling dry weight in 30-day-old seedlings were observed among selected wheat genotypes as well. From the overall observation of germination characters and early seedling growth, it was concluded that the wheat genotypes including Gourab, Shatabdi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom 26, BAW 1186, and BAW 1189 showed better salt tolerance as compared to others. 相似文献
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Boron deficiency induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and implications for plant breeding 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Boron (B) deficiency causes grain set in wheat to fail. A wide range of genotypic variation in the response to low B has been
observed. Genotypes were screened in low B in soil and sand culture, and classified into five groups, namely, very sensitive,
sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant and tolerant. At very low levels of B, the very sensitive to sensitive
genotypes were completely male sterile and set only a few or no grain, while the tolerant genotypes set grain normally. Natural
outcrossing was detected in these male sterile plants when a tolerant genotype was growing nearby. Grain set by cross fertilisation
was markedly enhanced by a B application directly on the ear of the male sterile plants. Three practical implications are
suggested. Firstly, genotypes that are tolerant to low B can provide a solution for grain set failure caused by B deficiency.
Secondly, the potential for outcrossing in male sterile B deficient wheat has to be taken into account in the maintenance
of pure lines in low B soils even though wheat is normally self pollinated. Thirdly, a simple and novel method for hybridization
is suggested, in which B deficiency is used as fertility selective medium and male sterile female parents and fertile male
parents are provided by genotypic variation in the response to low B.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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C. J. M. Denissen 《Euphytica》1993,70(1-2):131-140
Summary Winter wheat genotypes were tested for resistance in the field by assessing the percentage sporulating leaf area after infection with wheat leaf rust. The disease level in the first field trial was too low for selection. In the second field trial a low sporulating leaf area was found on several genotypes showing a susceptible infection type. These genotypes possibly have partial resistance. Six genotypes possibly possess adult plant resistance, as they showed a resistant infection type and a low sporulating leaf area.The latency period, infection frequency and uredosorus size of sixteen genotypes were determined in the greenhouse after infection with two races of leaf rust at two temperature regimes. The temperature × genotype interaction, found for latency period and infection frequency, was mostly influenced by the cultivars Cerco, Tundra and Miller. Adult plant resistance was postulated for four genotypes whereas another four appeared to have partial resistance.Only one of the sixteen genotypes (Apexal) possessed adult plant resistance and two genotypes (Arminda and Cappelle Desprez) showed partial resistance in the field as well as in the greenhouse. 相似文献
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Preharvest sprouting that occurs in wheat might affect seed viability and cause genetic erosion during periodical rejuvenation of durum wheat accessions in a gene bank. Two durum wheat landraces (MG 7713 and MG 7805) that had been rejuvenated for several years and did show a high percentage of presprouted seeds in the lot from the fourth rejuvenation cycle were identified. The frequency of durum and bread wheat genotypes and the distribution of the two species in three seed classes (ungerminated seeds, seeds with swollen embryo and germinated seeds) were studied. The modified phenol test was used to identify durum and bread wheat seeds and the genotypic frequencies within each species were assessed on the basis of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of gliadin storage proteins. In these two landraces, durum wheat was more susceptible to preharvest sprouting than bread wheat and the frequency of bread wheat seeds significantly increased over the three rejuvenation cycles examined. Despite this, preharvest sprouting did not cause significant changes in the genotypic frequencies observed within species or loss of some genotypes that could not be attributed to susceptibility to sprouting. 相似文献
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小麦籽粒淀粉分支酶同工酶基因型与酶活性关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了71个小麦品种的籽粒淀粉分支酶活性,并采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（Native-PAGE）,鉴定了分支酶同工酶的基因型,以明确小麦籽粒淀粉分支酶（SBE）各同工型等位基因的分布特点和基因型组成,阐明分支酶活性与分支酶同工酶基因型的相关性。结果表明,分支酶有SBEⅠ和SBEⅡ两个基因位点,SBEⅡ位点未显现多态性,SBEⅠ位点存在多样性。在SBEⅠ位点鉴定出A、B、Dⅰ和Dⅱ共4个等位基因位点,各等位基因位点出现频率分别为9.9%、76.1%、95.8%和57.8%;共检测到9种基因型,其中基因型DⅰDⅱB、DⅰB和DⅰDⅱ有较高的分布频率,分别为45.1%、28.2%和8.5%。从单一位点分析,分支酶活性与SBEⅠ位点有显著的相关性,与SBEⅡ位点相关性不显著。由此可见,小麦籽粒胚乳淀粉分支酶同工酶不同基因位点和基因型对酶活性具有不同的遗传效应。 相似文献
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为筛选出适宜黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区种植的抗穗发芽白粒小麦品种或种质资源,以36份黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区的主要品种（系）及地方品种为研究对象,对已报道的4个与穗发芽抗性相关的分子标记：Vp1B3、Xgwm155、Xgwm269和Xbarc170进行有效性验证。测定参试材料种子萌发指数（GI）,并用上述4种标记进行PCR扩增,对扩增条带进行统计分析。结果表明,GI值显示,红粒品种（GI均值为5.1%）明显较白粒品种（GI均值为28.0%）低;4种标记扩增出的带型中仅Vp1B3的845 bp片段能有效地区分36份小麦品种(系);GI值筛选出6份抗穗发芽品种（系）中,其中3份为Vp1B3标记鉴定,可作为黄淮麦区和长江中下游麦区小麦穗发芽抗性育种中首选基因资源。 相似文献
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小麦籽粒含有多种B族维生素,本研究通过测定24个不同粒色的小麦品种中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6及籽粒色素含量,并研究不同颜色的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量与小麦籽粒颜色的关系及其变异规律,为B族维生素的利用及小麦品质育种提供依据。应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,采用大气压电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多反应检测（MRM）模式精确测定小麦籽粒中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6,分光光度法测定小麦籽粒色素含量。黑小麦76和VICTO杂交后代F8代12个姊妹系B族维生素含量变化很大,12个姊妹系间维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达极显著水平。冬鉴系列的10个小麦品种（系）维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,籽粒色素含量与B族维生素含量不存在显著正相关,籽粒颜色深小麦并不一定富含B族维生素。小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量受基因型的影响, 可以通过遗传改良的手段提高B族维生素在小麦籽粒中的含量。黑小麦76（母本）和VICTO（父本）杂交产生的F8代12个姊妹系的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量存在着明显的超高亲杂种优势,因此,可通过有性杂交,培育高B族维生素含量的小麦品种。 相似文献